ACF
Administration for Children and Families
|
U.S. DEPARTMENT
OF HEALTH AND HUMAN
SERVICES
|
1. Log No. ACF-PI-HS-06-03 |
2. Issuance Date: 12/14/2006 |
3. Originating Office: Office of Head Start |
4. Key Word: Oral Health- revision |
PROGRAM INSTRUCTION:
TO:
Head Start/Early Head Start Grantees and Delegate Agencies
SUBJECT: Oral Health
INSTRUCTION: This Program
Instruction supersedes the provisions of
ACF-PI-HS-06-02.
This Program Instruction explains the Office
of Head Start’s policies and expectations regarding grantee
compliance with selected oral health requirements of 45 CFR 1304 Subpart B—Early Childhood
Development and Health Services.
Beginning February 2007, the Office of Head
Start (OHS) will monitor compliance with 45
CFR 1304.23 (b) (3) by reference to the following minimum requirements. Head Start grantees and delegate agencies will be considered in compliance with the requirement to effectively promote dental hygiene in conjunction with meals by ensuring the following:
- For children age two and over
Once daily,
after a meal, Head Start staff (or volunteers, if available)
should assist children in brushing their teeth using a small smear
of fluoride toothpaste.
- For children between one and two years of age
Once daily, after a meal, Head Start staff
(or volunteers, if available) must brush children's teeth with a
soft bristled toothbrush, using a small smear of toothpaste that
contains fluoride.
- For infants under the age of one
At least once during the program day, staff or volunteers must wash their hands and then cover a finger with a gauze pad or soft cloth and gently wipe infants’ gums.
BACKGROUND:
Head Start and Early Head Start health services focus on prevention and early
intervention and are based on the premise that a child must be healthy in order to be ready to learn. Good oral health for infants, toddlers and pre-school children serves as a precursor to adult oral health and is essential for a child’s behavioral, speech, language and overall growth and development.
In conformance with Head Start’s philosophy
of prevention and early intervention, and identifying possible oral
health concerns as early as possible, 45 CFR
1304.20 (a)(1) requires the following activities must take place within 90 days of entry into the program:
- Determine if a child has an ongoing
source of continuous, accessible health care (includes a dental
home); 1304.20 (a)(1)(i)
- Obtain a determination of whether a child
is up to date according the State’s EPSDT schedule, including
dental; 1304.20 (a)(1)(ii)
- If a child is not up to date, assist
parents in making necessary arrangements to bring their child up
to date; 1304.20 (a)(1)(ii)(A)
- If a child is up to date, ensure the
child continues to follow the State’s EPSDT schedule 1304.20 (a)(1)(ii)(B)
-
Develop procedures to track the provision
of health care services; 1304.20
(a)(1)(ii)(C)
- Obtain or arrange further diagnostic
testing, examination and treatment by a licensed or certified
professional for each child with an observable, known, or
suspected health or developmental problem; 1304.20 (a)(1)(iii)
- Develop and implement a follow up plan
for any condition identified; 1304.20(a)(1)(iv)
Although follow up plans must be developed
and implemented within the required 90 day time frame, treatment
services do not have to be completed within 90 days. See 1304.20 (a)(1)(iv).
Grantee and delegate agencies operating
programs less than 90 days, such as migrant programs must complete
the above processes within 30 days of a child’s entry into the
program. See 1304.20 (a) (2)
Dental Home
45 CFR
1304.20 (a)(1)(i)
requires a determination to be made if a child has an ongoing source of continuous, accessible health care; i.e., a medical home. This includes dental health care. The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) defines a dental home as a source of continuous, accessible, comprehensive, family-centered, coordinated, compassionate, and culturally effective oral health care delivered or directed by a professional dentist. In many communities, identifying a dental home in a timely manner can be a challenge,
when there are a limited number of dentists who will see children under the age of five or that will accept Medicaid/EPSDT families. As a short term solution, Head Start and Early Head Start programs can bring providers on site or use mobile dental vans to assist parents to obtain examinations and/or begin treatment services while at the same time working with the family to secure an ongoing source of dental care for their child.
Determination by a Health Professional
A health professional that makes a determination as to whether a child is up to date on a schedule of age appropriate preventive and primary health care, including dental, are staff or consultants who have training and experience in public health, nursing, health education, maternal and child health, or health administration and are familiar with the State’s Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic and Treatment (EPSDT) schedule.
State EPSDT Periodicity Schedule
For Head Start, a State’s EPSDT schedule is the baseline minimum schedule of preventive and primary health care for all enrolled children, including non-Medicaid/ non-insured children. All Head Start staff involved in making a determination if a child is up to date (see next section) must have a working knowledge of the most recent state Medicaid EPSDT requirements for dental services. The frequency of dental examinations and who can perform them is determined by the State Medicaid program and not the Office of Head Start. Further information about the Center for Medicaid Services (CMS) dental services can be found at: http://www.cms.hhs.gov/MedicaidDentalCoverage/
Children Determined Not to Be Up to Date
If the determination by a health professional shows that a child is not up to date according to the state EPSDT periodicity schedule, programs must assist parents in making the necessary arrangements to bring the child up to date. Assistance to parents includes but is not limited to: providing
education to parents to help them understand the importance of
having their child see a dentist; identifying dentists in the
community that accept Medicaid or other forms of insurance, or that
provide free oral health care; providing or arranging for
transportation to the dentist; and providing or arranging for child
care services. In instances where parents are unable to accompany
their child to the dentist, Head Start programs with written
parental consent can either transport the child to the dentist or
have the dentist come to the center to provide services to the
child. 1304.20 (a)(1)(ii)(A)
Children Determined to Be Up to Date
For
children who are found to be up to date according to the state
periodicity schedule, Head Start grantees must ensure that they
continue to follow the recommended schedule of well child care, as
required by 1304.20 (a)(1)(ii)(B).
Ongoing Care
In order to maintain a child’s
oral health, it is critical that procedures for identifying any new
dental concerns be implemented as required in 1304.20 (d). Staff having day to day interactions with children, such as bus drivers, teachers and teacher aides, family service workers, cooks, etc, must be familiar with these procedures in order to help identify children in need of dental care as soon as possible.
Dental Screenings
Dental assessments or screenings, as part of a primary care provider’s visit, are optional services for state Medicaid agencies. Unless specified by the state Medicaid EPSDT periodicity schedule, Head Start regulations do not require dental screenings. In an effort to address the shortage of dentists that accept Medicaid patients, some states use dental hygienists to conduct oral health assessments or screenings. These screenings do not replace the EPSDT requirement that a child be referred to a dentist by the age of three, unless otherwise specified by the State.
Medicaid State Plan
The primary goal for referring all children to a dentist is to establish a dental home for each child where they can receive comprehensive diagnostic, preventive, restorative and emergency care throughout childhood. A state’s Medicaid plan is the official document that defines how each state will operate its Medicaid program. The state plan addresses the areas of state program administration, Medicaid eligibility criteria, service coverage, and provider reimbursement. A copy of a state’s Medicaid plan can be found at: http://www.cms.hhs.gov/medicaid/stateplans/map.asp
Paying for Dental Services
Early Head Start or
Head Start program funds may be used for medical or dental services,
when no other source of funding is available. If a child is enrolled
in Medicaid and there are no dentists available to provide services,
then a Head Start or Early Head Start program funds can be used to
pay for dental services. Head Start programs should document what
efforts were made to find other funding sources and why the program
decided it had no recourse other that using Head Start funds to
cover required dental services. CFR 1304.20
(c)(5)
In conclusion, achieving optimal oral health for all children in Head Start and Early Head Start is a priority for the Head Start program. In addition to this Program Instruction, the Office of Head Start will be issuing an Information Memorandum on Oral Health. This Memorandum will include suggested strategies for implementing Program Performance Standards that support quality oral health services in Head Start and Early Head Start.
Please direct any questions on this to your Regional Office.
/ Channell Wilkins /
Channell Wilkins
Director
Office of Head Start
See PDF version:
Oral Health—revision [PDF, 574KB]