- Home
- GPM
- TRMM
-
Science
- Science Overview
- Research Topics
- Storm Structure and Mesoscale Dynamics
- Precipitation Microphysics
- Global Water Cycle
- Climate Change
- Precipitation Algorithms
- Radar Algorithms
- Radiometer Algorithms
- Combined Algorithms
- Multi-Satellite Algorithms
- Applications
- Meetings
- Data Access
- Resources
- Education
GPM Home
GPM Mission Concept
The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission is an international network of satellites that provide the next-generation global observations of rain and snow. Building upon the success of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), the GPM concept centers on the deployment of a “Core” satellite carrying an advanced radar / radiometer system to measure precipitation from space and serve as a reference standard to unify precipitation measurements from a constellation of research and operational satellites. Through improved measurements of precipitation globally, the GPM mission will help to advance our understanding of Earth's water and energy cycle, improve forecasting of extreme events that cause natural hazards and disasters, and extend current capabilities in using accurate and timely information of precipitation to directly benefit society. GPM, initiated by NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) as a global successor to TRMM, comprises a consortium of international space agencies, including the Centre National d’Études Spatiales (CNES), the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), and others. The GPM Core Observatory is scheduled for launch in early 2014.
Building upon TRMM’s Legacy
The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), launched by NASA and JAXA in 1997, uses both active and passive microwave instruments to measure rainfall in the tropics. It also provides a foundation for merging rainfall information from other satellites. TRMM has shown the importance of taking observations from a non-Sun-synchronous orbit at different times of the day, between observations by polar orbiting sensors at fixed times of the day, to improve near real-time monitoring of hurricanes and accurate estimation of time-accumulation of rain volume. The GPM Core Observatory will continue this sampling from a non-Sun-synchronous orbit and extend coverage to higher latitudes to provide a global view of precipitation.
The GPM Core Observatory design is an extension of TRMM’s highly successful rain-sensing package, which focused primarily on heavy to moderate rain over tropical and subtropical oceans. Since light rain and falling snow account for significant fractions of precipitation occurrences in middle and high latitudes, a key advancement of GPM over TRMM is the extended capability to measure light rain (< 0.5 mm hr-1), solid precipitation and the microphysical properties of precipitating particles. This capability drives the designs of both the active and passive microwave instruments on GPM. The Core Observatory will then act as a reference standard for the precipitation estimates acquired by the GPM constellation of sensors.
GPM Core Observatory
The GPM Core Observatory will carry the first space-borne Ku/Ka-band Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) and a multi-channel GPM Microwave Imager (GMI). The DPR instrument, which will provide three dimensional measurements of precipitation structure over 78 and 152 mile (125 and 245 km) swaths, consists of a Ka-band precipitation radar (KaPR) operating at 35.5 GHz and a Ku-band precipitation radar (KuPR) operating at 13.6 GHz. Relative to the TRMM precipitation radar, the DPR is more sensitive to light rain rates and snowfall. In addition, simultaneous measurements by the overlapping of Ka/Ku-bands of the DPR can provide new information on particle drop size distributions over moderate precipitation intensities. In addition, by providing new microphysical measurements from the DPR to complement cloud and aerosol observations, GPM is expected to provide further insights into how precipitation processes may be affected by human activities.
The GMI instrument is a conical-scanning multi-channel microwave radiometer covering a swath of 550 miles (885 km) with thirteen channels ranging in frequency from 10 GHz to 183 GHz. The GMI uses a set of frequencies that have been optimized over the past two decades to retrieve heavy, moderate and light precipitation using the polarization difference at each channel as an indicator of the optical thickness and water content.
GPM Science and Applications
GPM will provide global precipitation measurements with improved accuracy, coverage and dynamic range for studying precipitation characteristics. GPM is also expected to improve weather and precipitation forecasts through assimilation of instantaneous precipitation information. Relative to TRMM, the enhanced measurement and sampling capabilities of GPM will offer many advanced science contributions and societal benefits:
- Improved knowledge of the Earth’s water cycle and its link to climate change
- New insights into storm structures and large-scale atmospheric processes
- New insights into precipitation microphysics
- Advanced understanding of climate sensitivity and feedback processes
- Extended capabilities in monitoring and predicting hurricanes and other extreme weather events
- Improved forecasting abilities for natural hazards, including floods, droughts and landslides.
- Enhanced numerical prediction skills
- Improved agricultural crop forecasting and monitoring of freshwater resources
Learn more about GPM's science objectives.
Learn more about GPM's applications.
TOPICS COVERED
GPM RESOURCES
SHARE THIS ARTICLE
MISSION UPDATES
-
Thursday, January 31, 2013The GPM Core Observatory completed thermal vacuum testing at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. on Jan. 16, 2013. After twelve days to carefully remove the testing equipment, stow the High Gain Antenna and GPM Microwave Imager, and...
-
Monday, December 17, 2012The GPM Core spacecraft has completed hot and cold thermal balance testing in the thermal vacuum chamber at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. Next it will undergo hot and cold cycle thermal vacuum testing, where the temperatures are alternatively...
-
Tuesday, December 4, 2012The GPM Core Observatory has moved from the clean room to the thermal vacuum chamber at NASA's Goddard Space flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. The spacecraft, wrapped in protective blankets, made the short trip by crane across the testing facility...
-
Wednesday, October 17, 2012NASA's GPM Core Observatory satellite went through its first complete comprehensive performance test (CPT), beginning on Oct. 4, 2012 at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. The testing ran twenty-four...
Published On:
04/01/2011 - 2:15pm
Share this Article: