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HVAC

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Design Guidance

Overall Strategies

The HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) system is the single greatest use of energy within the workplace. Significant energy loss is attributed to providing a comfortable working environment. HVAC systems run at their most efficient when at full capacity, making it critical to choose a system that correctly fits the needs of the building. A smaller HVAC system can be used by reducing the cooling and heating loads through implementing efficiency strategies such as: installing insulation that meets or exceeds current building codes, tightening the building envelope to prevent air leakage, installing energy efficient windows, reducing solar gain (e.g. cool roofing and window tints), and installing energy efficient lamps that produce less heat. HVAC systems facilitate the exchange of air to the outside as well as circulation of air within the building. They replace air in the occupied space to control temperature or remove moisture and air contaminates such as odors, dust, and carbon dioxide. Through ventilation, fresh air can be distributed to each occupied space. The mechanical system must be efficient, durable, and installed properly. Be aware of the trend to design over-sized systems. Ideally, prior to occupancy, each system will be commissioned, a process that verifies and documents that the systems and assemblies are planned, designed, installed, tested, operated, and maintained to meet the Owner's Project Requirements.

Thermostat

A thermostat is a component of the HVAC controls system. Detection and communication of the space temperature is a critical component of overall HVAC controls. Most new thermostat controls are DDC. Older pneumatic systems can be upgraded to DDC for better control. Zone control is critical.

Sound boots

Sound-boots are integrated into the duct-work between the office walls in the ceiling. The duct work is often shaped like a boot. If properly specified and installed, the sound boot will help control the transfer of sound from one area to another.

Sound Masking

Electronic sound masking systems can be installed in office areas. A sound masking system generates "white noise" that helps mask other sounds. Sound masking systems help make an open office area more functional for the occupants.

Green Tips

  • Install occupant control thermostats that have prescribed temperature range limits to promote occupant comfort.
  • Ensure the air supplied by the HVAC system is properly conditioned - providing comfortable temperature ranges, removing moisture and air contaminates such as odors, dust, and carbon dioxide.
  • Ensure the minimum level, or higher, of outside air is circulated within occupied spaces to increase indoor air quality.
  • Use thermostats with occupancy sensors to reduce energy consumption.
  • Use filtration media to removing moisture and air contaminates such as odors, dust, and carbon dioxide.
  • Use underfloor air distribution for reconfigurable technology ready space as power, voice, and data services are easily accessible with access floors.
  • Install IT load meters to track consumption of the computer equipment as a separate item from HVAC or base-building load.
  • Planned in advance and separately zone HVAC in the corridor and set temperatures to conserve energy.
  • Separately zone HVAC in rooms with copy machines to help protect IAQ.
  • For smaller data rooms consider use of exhaust fans and grills in place of CRAC units.
  • For larger data centers use hot/cold isle strategies to maximize HVAC system performance.
  • Use and maintain supplemental exhaust vents to effectively ventilate restrooms.

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EB = Existing BuildingsNC = New Construction and Major Renovation

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