Weather
Our weather system includes the dynamics of the atmosphere and its interaction with the oceans and land. The improvement of our understanding of weather processes and phenomena is crucial in gaining an understanding of the Earth system.
Projects listed under Weather
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Project PI: Leppert II, Kenneth/University of Alabama Huntsville Advisor: Daniel Cecil
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Objective Train researchers in the use of NASA High Performance Computing resources for running and analyzing Earth system models applied to extremely large datasets (i.e. high spatial and/or temporal resolution climate and biogeochemical models). To view previous lectures from the summer course, please click on the button below: (Click on "Rec. Videos" under the VIDEO tab) Speakers Experts in the areas of modeling and data analysis as well as members of the NEX Group and HECC Project.
Members 33 Resources 1
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2012 Summer Short Course for Earth System Modeling and Supercomputing (test)
Objective Train researchers in the use of NASA High Performance Computing resources for running and analyzing Earth system models applied to extremely large datasets (i.e. high spatial and/or temporal resolution climate and biogeochemical models). Format Lectures: July 16-20 Hands-on experience: ...
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A Scale Analysis of the Relationships Between Biomass Burning and the Maritime Continent’s Radiation and Precipitation Environment
Nominally, biomass burning impacts can be categorized through their associated emissions, or their resulting land use modification. Both can perturb the Earth’s energy balance. Smoke particles can induce direct, semi-direct, and indirect forcing. Land use change can impact the surface ...
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A TRMM-based Tropical Cyclone Precipitation Feature Database and Its Usage on Intensification Study
The central goal of this proposal is to create and maintain a 10-yr (1998-2007, possibly more) TRMM-based global tropical cyclone related precipitation feature database with QuikSCAT sea surface wind and numerical model-based reanalysis parameters on a common framework and make ...
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AirMOSS Algorithms
This project is for implementing algorithms to generate AirMOSS Level-2 through Level-4 products. Understanding how ecosystems exchange carbon with the atmosphere is a driving scientific and societal question. How much carbon plants sequester is affected by how much water is ...
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Algorithm Development for the GPM Dual-wavelength Precipitation Radar
The dual-wavelength Precipitation Radar (DPR) that will be flown on the Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) satellite will be the first dual-wavelength weather radar in space. One of the major challenges is to design algorithms with the goal of obtaining robust ...
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Altimetry and operational wind-wave prediction - combined use to enhance both systems
Maritime wave forecasting owes much to global ocean sea state data supplied daily by satellite altimeters. This research will further expand altimeter data application to wave forecasting, and also apply global wave model data to improved Jason and OSTM sea ...
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Analysis of Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Genesis and Evolution Using NASA Satellite and Field Program Data
Some studies have suggested that the Saharan Air Layer (SAL) has a positive influence on tropical cyclogenesis and evolution while others have argued that it has a negative influence. Many NAMMA investigators came away from the field program impressed by ...
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Anomaly Detection and Analysis Framework for Terrestrial Observation and Prediction System (TOPS)
The goal of this project is to enhance the capabilities in Earth science data processing by developing a framework for automated anomaly detection and analysis for large heterogeneous Earth science datasets.. We will integrate this framework with the Terrestrial Observation ...
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Application of NASA Field Observations, Satellite Retrievals and High-Resolution WRF Simulations to Study Physical and Dynamical Processes Governing Tropical Cyclone Rainfall and Intensity Change
We propose to use observations obtained during the Fourth Convection and Moisture Experiment 4 (CAMEX-4), the Tropical Cloud Systems and Processes (TCSP) study, and the NASA African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (NAMMA) campaign, retrievals from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) ...
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Breaking the Barrier of Short-term Hurricane Intensity Forecasting by Interrogating Remotely Sensed and Reconnaissance Datasets to Predict Core Evolution
Despite great advances in hurricane track forecasting, intensity forecasting remains a barrier. One reason is the predictability of convection, even when organized. However, a more important reason is that the focus has been on the environment, rather than the core. ...
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CASI - Climate Adaptation Science Investigators
The Climate Adaptation Science Investigators (CASI) Workgroup is tasked to assist in the development of Climate Change Adaptation strategies for NASA as a whole as well as at individual Centers. Several recent studies, including the United States Global Change Research ...
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Climate downscaling and Ecosystems
Sustainable Management of Coastal Forest Ecosystems under a Changing Climate in the Northern Gulf of Mexico
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Comparison of TCSP Hurricanes Dennis and Emily With RAINEX Hurricanes Katrina and Rita to Better Understand Rapid Intensification
In 2005, the NASA-NOAA TCSP field program documented two hurricanes that underwent rapid intensification, Dennis and Emily. In the same year, the NSF-NOAA-NRL program RAINEX documented Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, which also underwent rapid intensification. These four storms had somewhat ...
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Convective Bursts During Tropical Cyclone Formation and Intensification
We propose to study several aspects of convective bursts in tropical cyclones. These bursts contain intense cells reaching above 15 km with cloud-top temperatures below -80º, and often contain temporal and spatial scales equivalent to those of "supercells" in the ...
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Convective Transport And Wet Removal In The GEOS-5 CCM And GMI CTM
Deep convection affects atmospheric chemistry in many ways. Two of the most important effects are transport of boundary layer trace gases and aerosols to the upper troposphere and the wet removal of soluble species. Convective transport of ozone and HOx ...
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Decision Support for Vulnerability to Future Storms at NASA Kennedy Space Center
The approach developed here is focused on providing decision support to NASA-KSC to address climate change impacts and climate adaptation. The targeted decisions are those associated with coping with episodic and long-term erosion and inundation at this coastally-located center. Chronic ...
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Demonstration of Satellite-based Lightning Initiation Nowcasts toward Enhancing FAA Tactical Forecasts for Improving Ground-based Airport Operations
This proposal requests funding to leverage NASA assets to demonstrate the capabilities of a GOES-based algorithm for producing 0-1 hr lightning initiation (LI) nowcasts. NASA's CloudSat, MODIS, Lightning Mapping Array (LMA) total lightning data, and National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) ...
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Development And Application Of Infrastructure For Observation System Simulation Experiments At The Global Modeling And Assimilation Office
Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) employ a data assimilation system (DAS) to produce estimates of simulated atmospheric states by ingesting simulated imperfect observations drawn from those states. Impacts of as yet non-existent observations can thereby be estimated in a realistic ...
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Distributed Nearest Neighbors Algorithm
The task of outlier detection becomes more challenging if the data is located at different locations where the goal is to find the outliers in the union of all of the data without necessarily moving all points to a centralized ...
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Eastern Mediterranean Altimeter Calibration Network - e-MACnet (Continuation of DynMSLaC & GAVDOS)
NASA’s strategic goal to “study Earth from space to advance scientific understanding and meet societal needs”, prompted “GAVDOS”, a joint NASA-EU R&D; project that over the past ten years evolved into a regional network of tide gauges monitored with continuous ...
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Establishing a Prototype Decision Support Tool Using NASA and other Data for the Gulf of Mexico Alliance (GOMA
The proposal team will enhance a prototype DSS tool that will improve collaboration and decision making along the Gulf Coast as identified in the Governor’s Action Plan. This Federal, State, University and Private sector partnership will become a model for ...
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Estimation of African Dust Effects on Tropical Cyclone Intensity
A three year program is proposed to study the effects of Saharan African dust on the development and intensity of tropical cyclones in the Atlantic. Using cloud-resolving real-data simulations with RAMS, both the direct radiative heating effects of Saharan dust ...
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Evaluation of Hurricane Evacuation Routes’ Resiliency to Storm Damage
Using NASA research results, including Landsat data and technology developed at Stennis Space Center, NASA civil servants will work with personnel from Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Applied Geo Technologies, and the University of Southern Mississippi Gulf Coast Research Laboratory ...
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Evaluation Of Improved Cloud Parameterizations With EOS/CERES Cloud Object And Gridded Cloud Object Data
The cloud object approach identifies a cloud object as a contiguous patch of cloudy regions with similar cloud physical properties. Tropical deep convective (DC) cloud objects are composed of optically thick and high cloud-top footprints. The optically thin and/or low ...
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Exploring Model Error Formulations In The GEOS Weak-Constraint 4D-Var.
A prototype strong-constraint incremental four-dimensional variational (4DVAR) assimilation system is now available from the NASA/Global Modeling and Assimilation Office. Preliminary work is experimenting with both a 6- and a 12-hour assimilation time window configuration. Already, results show the benefit of ...
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Fire and Smoke Prediction Study
This project will test innovative methods of processing NASA satellite data for fire detection and prediction in North America and southeast Asia.
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Fog Climatology of the Central Valley
We intend to examine temporal trends in winter fog in the Central Valley of California. Our goal is to examine remote sensing images using AVHRR and MODIS and to relate meteorological conditions on the ground with periods when valley fog ...
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Formation and Rapid Intensification of Tropical Cyclones: Intense Convective Events vs. Large Scale Controls
The overarching scientific question that excites this community is whether intensification of a tropical wave into a cyclone is determined by its large-scale environment, or whether the nature, intensity, and organization of the deep convective systems within the wave are ...
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Generation And Initial Evaluation Of A 27-Year Satellite-Derived Wind Data Set For The Polar Regions
A major gap has historically existed in the global observing system because very few routine measurements of winds are made over the Arctic and Antarctic regions. This gap has been somewhat mitigated since the early 2000s with the routine retrieval ...
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Hurricane Genesis. Assimilation, High Resolution Modeling and Sensitivity Studies
This proposal on hurricane genesis is prepared to address the NASA Hurricane Science Research Program NRA. Specifically it is aimed towards addressing the following questions. 1) Do environmental stability and moisture play key roles in determining whether disturbances develop or ...
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Hurricane Studies with Altimeter Data
We propose to extract altimeter data for each tropical storm data from QuikSCAT reprocessing and continuing through the OSTM cal/val phase. We will use the data to study air-sea interaction and to characterize hurricane effects that may be of use ...
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Ice Precipitation Algorithms for GPM
This proposal is in response to ROSES 2009, NASA NRA NNH09ZDA001N, A.14 Precipitation Science, category 2.1, subtopic 1.1.2, Algorithm development and validation. The thrust of this proposal is directed towards developing algorithms to retrieve snowfall rates from single and dual-wavelength ...
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Impact of Humans on Precipitation Variability, Climate, and the Water Cycle: Preparing for the GPM Era
NASA's Precipitation Measurement Missions (PMM) program continues to play an important role in understanding precipitation variability at weather and climate scales. The 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Assessment Report AR4 highlighted the role that both urban land cover and ...
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Improved Convective Initiation Forecasting in the Gulf of Mexico Region
Short-term forecasts of convective initiation (CI) and early storm development are essential for providing decision makers adequate warning to mitigate aviation safety, lightning, flash flood, and other storm-related hazards. Such hazards have a particularly high impact in the Gulf of ...
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Improved Representation Of Diurnal Precipitation Patterns In The NASA GEOS 5 General Circulation Model
This research is motivated by the discrepancy between the observed and simulated diurnal cycle of precipitation in the U.S. Great Plains in the GEOS-5 GCM. It consists of an observation-driven effort to simulate the correct diurnal cycle of precipitation, and ...
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Improving Satellite Radiance Data Assimilation Using a Hybrid Ensemble-Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) Method for Global Numerical Weather Prediction
Direct assimilation of satellite radiance data has significantly benefited numerical weather prediction (NWP). The number of radiance data sensing the atmosphere will continue to increase significantly during the next decade. Therefore, improving the assimilation of radiances become increasingly important. The ...
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Improving the Satellite-Derived Ocean Heat Content Index for Tropical Cyclone Intensification Potential
This proposed project, as part of the Hurricane Science Research Program, is designed to exploit satellite altimetry and satellite-derived SST measurements in conjunction with in-situ observations and an ocean general circulation model to improve our physical understanding of how the ...
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Integrated Modeling Of Aerosol, Cloud, Precipitation And Land Processes At Satellite-Resolved Scales
Overview. The proposed project aims to develop, validate and provide the MAP community with an observation-driven integrated modeling system that represents aerosol, cloud, precipitation and land processes at satellite-resolved scales. In this project, we define “satellite-resolved” scales as being within ...
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Interannual Variability Of The African Easterly Jet And Easterly Waves And Associated Weather And Climate
Fluctuations of African Easterly Wave (AEW), which are related the the African Easterly Jet (AEJ) are known to have important local and downstream effect. They can affect storm development over the Atlantic and through them impact the U.S economy. Locally, ...
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Intraseasonal Variability And Tropical Cyclones In The NASA GISS General Circulation Model
We propose a project focused on the simulation of intraseasonal oscillations and tropical cyclone (TC)-like vortices in the NASA GISS atmospheric general circulation model. We will first assess the simulations of these phenomena in the model and compare them to ...
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Investigating Relationships Between Eyewall Replacement, Dynamical Intensification, Precipitation, and Meteorological-Radiative Signatures in Atlantic Tropical Cyclones
The proposed investigation is focused on understanding what governs post-eyewall replacement intensification in tropical cyclones (both tropical storms and hurricanes). The investigation will consider some 40 Atlantic storms that took place during the 1998 - 2006 time period including 16 ...
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Investigating the Dynamical Control of the Pacific Storm Track on the Occurrence of Extreme Hydrological Events in the Western United States Using NASA Observations and Models
Midlatitude storm tracks play a key role in the Earth's climate system through their transport of momentum, heat and moisture in the troposphere. A better understanding of storm tracks' response to changing radiative forcing and the impact of this response ...
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Judicious Application Of Satellite Observations To Evaluate And Improve Cloud Ice And Liquid Water Representations In Conventional And Multi-Scale Weather & Climate Models
Present-day shortcomings in the representation of clouds in general circulation models (GCMs) lead to errors in weather and climate forecasts as well as account for a large source of uncertainty in climate change projections. An ongoing challenge in rectifying these ...
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Multiple Scatterometer Hurricane Winds
Spaceborne microwave scatterometers are currently used to determine ocean surface vector winds over the global ocean. The scatterometers currently in use employ two different wavelengths, C band for ESA's Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) instrument and Ku-band for both NASA's QuikSCAT instrument ...
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Multiscale Analysis of Tropical Storm Hot Tower and Warm Core Interactions Using Field Campaign Observations
While tropical storm track forecasting has improved significantly over the past two decades, improvement in intensity forecasting has been slow. Previous CAMEX, TCSP, and NAMMA field campaigns provided rich data sets to study rapid intensification (RI) of hurricanes. Many processes ...
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NEX User Working Group (UWG)
The charter of the NEX User Working Group (NEX UWG) is to provide information to the Steering Group and the NEX Project on the following aspects: • Topic areas of primary interest to the users, • Data holdings, especially core ...
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NEX User Working Group (UWG) Workspace
This is workspace for use by the NEX Steering Group, the NASA HQ stakeholders funding NEX work. The charter of the NEX User Working Group (NEX UWG) is to provide information to the Steering Group and the NEX Project on ...
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Oil Slick Detection Using NASA Active and Passive Sensors
Currently, there are no efforts to monitor oil slicks operationally from space. Agencies around the Gulf respond to chance sightings, almost exclusively. The Naval Research Laboratory at Stennis Space Center, NASA/Langley Research Center, and NOAA/STAR propose to pool their collective ...
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Precipitation Processes and Retrieval Challenges in Intense Mesoscale Convective Systems
Intense mesoscale convective systems (MCS) pose challenges for precipitation estimation and contribute a substantial portion of the normal precipitation in certain regions, particularly mid-latitude continental locations. These systems have well-developed mixed phase regions with abundant large graupel and often hail, ...
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Retrieval Algorithm Development for Falling Snow Detection and Estimation over Land
The overarching goal of this proposal is to develop, improve, and deliver physically-based at-launch falling snow detection and estimation algorithms for radiometers of the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission. Historically, retrievals of falling snow have been difficult due to the ...
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SARP ET Mentor
As a mentor of the Land focus group of the SARP program, I am working with top undergraduate and beginning graduate students from around the United States in testing and building improved models of evapotranspiration which use the MASTER data ...
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Satellite Irrigation Management Support with the Terrestrial Observation and Prediction System
The Satellite Irrigation Management Support (SIMS) project is a NASA supported effort to apply publicly available data from earth observing satellites to map crop cover, crop coefficients and crop evapotranspiration, with the longer-term goal of developing information products and tools ...
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Satellite-based Observations for Understanding and Predicting Tropical Cyclogenesis
Recent studies have shown that tropical cyclone development is most likely a complicated interaction between processes within cloud clusters and the surrounding favorable larger-scale environment. Therefore, our ability to predict both the location and timing of genesis will be limited ...
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Short-term Storm Forecasting Over the Gulf of Mexico by Blending Satellite-Based Extrapolation Forecasts with Numerical Weather Prediction Results
The objective of this proposed project is to perform a feasibility study of producing 0-12 hr convective forecasts over the Gulf of Mexico for aviation planning and situational awareness. These forecasts will be produced by blending extrapolated satellite data (precipitation ...
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Simulating And Predicting Sub-Seasonal And Longer-Term Changes In Tropical Storm Characteristics Using High Resolution Climate Models
The last decade has seen a general increase in tropical storm activity punctuated by substantial year-to-year changes ranging from the record breaking 2005 Atlantic hurricane season to the below normal tropical storm season of 2007. Efforts to improve predictions of ...
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Terrestrial Observation and Prediction System (TOPS)
TOPS is a data and modeling software system designed to seamlessly integrate data from satellite, aircraft, and ground sensors with weather/climate models and application models to expeditiously produce operational nowcasts and forecasts of ecological conditions. TOPS provides reliable data on ...
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The Dual-Wavelength, Dual-Polarized CP2 Radar: Impact of Rain and Mixed Phase Precipitation on PR and Combined PR/TMI Algorithms with Potential Application to GPM
This proposal falls under the research focus area, "Use of satellite and field campaign data to study precipitation and microphysical processes, particularly for mixed phase and frozen precipitation". Central to our proposal is the dual-wavelength, dual-polarized CP2 facility located near ...
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The Impact of Saharan Air Layer on Tropical Cyclone Genesis and Intensification
Recent research results have suggested that the Saharan Air Layer (SAL) may alter the intensity of Atlantic Tropical Cyclone (TC) activity. The alteration occurs through a variety of dynamical and thermodynamical processes, including the following: the entrainment of dry, stable ...
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The Relationship Between Environmental Factors, Convection, And Precipitation In Tropical Cyclones
Distribution of rainfall in tropical cyclones is of particular interest for the quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF). Both large-scale conditions and convective-scale events influence the magnitude and spatial distribution of tropical cyclone precipitation, but their relative importance remains controversial. The central ...
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TOPS: Extending access to NASA data and model results for ecosystem studies
The Terrestrial Observation and Prediction System (TOPS)[http://ecocast.arc.nasa.gov] is a flexible modeling system that integrates ecosystem models with satellite and surface weather observations to produce ecosystem nowcasts and forecasts useful in natural resources management, public health, and disaster management. Over last ...
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Tropical Cyclogenesis Associated with African Easterly Waves
While it is well known that most of the Atlantic tropical cyclones develop in association with African easterly waves (AEWs), there are still big gaps in our knowledge and understanding of the processes associated with this. Related to this, we ...
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Tropical Cyclone Precipitation Structure and Evolution and Its Role in Rapid Intensification
One of the most challenging aspects in tropical cyclone research is developing an improved understanding of the processes underlying rapid intensification (RI). This task is challenging because the processes important in RI span spatial scales of many orders of magnitude ...
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Use High-Resolution Satellite Observation To Evaluate And Advance NASA Modeling Ability For Weather And Short-Term Climate
A multi-scale modeling system with unified physics has been developed at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). The system consists of an MMF (multi-scale modeling framework, or super-parameterization), the coupled NASA Goddard finite-volume GCM (fvGCM) and Goddard Cumulus Ensemble model, ...
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Use Of Cloud-Resolving Models To Improve The Simulation Of Convective Precipitation And Diurnal Cycle In The NASA GEOS-5
The major goal of this proposed research is to improve the representation of the diurnal cycle of warm season precipitation in the NASA GEOS-5 GCM. The research aims to 1) improve our understanding of the convective precipitation process and the ...
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Use of improved TRMM algorithms for downscaling, medium-range ensemble predictions, hydrological applications and design of OSSEs for GPM
The implementation of GPM is still a few years away, hence it makes sense to design Observing System Simulation Experiments OSSEs using a NATURE run from the ECMWF global data assimilation and our atmospheric model. This fraternal twin would be ...
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Use of NASA Observations and Numerical Model Simulations to Understand the Hurricane "Fuel" and "Anti-fuel" Problems
This proposal lays out a course of research to improve our understanding of hurricane development and intensity through the examination of two complementary science problems focusing on the fuel (moisture) supply or lack thereof to the hurricane heat engine. The ...
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Wind Energy Prospecting: Using NASA Earth Science Data to Create Improved Regional Wind Power Maps
The increasing global demand for the finite (and sometimes volatile) supply of fossil fuels has spurred large investments in renewable energy resources that are clean, reliable, and reduce the Nation's dependence on foreign oil. Wind and solar are the fastest ...
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wxTopo
The wxTopo ("Weather Topography") System Climate is a key driver of many environmental processes. In turn, historical and future representations of weather and climate variables form one of the most important set of inputs to environmental models and nature resource ...