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2013
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Implementing the Prison Rape Elimination Act: Toolkit for Jails
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC); NIC-12RE05GKJ5..
The Moss Group, Inc. (Washington, DC).
UPDATED 1/24/13: Added missing checklists. “The goal of this Toolkit is to provide jails of all sizes, political divisions, and geographic locations with a step-by-step guide for preventing, detecting, and eliminating sexual abuse of inmates in their custody – and for responding effectively to abuse when it occurs. Prison rape includes all forms of inmate sexual abuse within a correctional facility, including state and federal prisons, county and municipal jails, police lock-ups, holding facilit... Read More
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1 computer file
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2012
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LSI-R to LS/CMI Conversion: Analysis of Impact on Business Practices
By Skilling, Nancy.
Hennepin County Dept. of Community Corrections and Rehabilitation. Office of Planning, Policy and Evaluation (St. Paul, MN).
The Hennepin County Department of Community Corrections and Rehabilitation (DOCCR) is transitioning from using the Level of Service Inventory-Revised (LSI-R) to the Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (LS/CMI) during 2013. “Because the LSI-R is used to assign clients to appropriate supervision based on their risk scores, it is important to evaluate [the] impact that transition to the LS/CMI will have on this process … This report compares LSI-R scores to converted LS/CMI scores, defines e... Read More
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16 pages
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2012
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LSI-R to LS/CMI Conversion: Analysis of Impact on Business Practices
By Skilling, Nancy.
Hennepin County Dept. of Community Corrections and Rehabilitation. Office of Planning, Policy and Evaluation (St. Paul, MN).
The Hennepin County Department of Community Corrections and Rehabilitation (DOCCR) is transitioning from using the Level of Service Inventory-Revised (LSI-R) to the Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (LS/CMI) during 2013. “Because the LSI-R is used to assign clients to appropriate supervision based on their risk scores, it is important to evaluate [the] impact that transition to the LS/CMI will have on this process … This report compares LSI-R scores to converted LS/CMI scores, defines e... Read More
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16 pages
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2012
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LSI-R to LS/CMI Conversion: Analysis of Impact on Business Practices
By Skilling, Nancy.
Hennepin County Dept. of Community Corrections and Rehabilitation. Office of Planning, Policy and Evaluation (St. Paul, MN).
The Hennepin County Department of Community Corrections and Rehabilitation (DOCCR) is transitioning from using the Level of Service Inventory-Revised (LSI-R) to the Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (LS/CMI) during 2013. “Because the LSI-R is used to assign clients to appropriate supervision based on their risk scores, it is important to evaluate [the] impact that transition to the LS/CMI will have on this process … This report compares LSI-R scores to converted LS/CMI scores, defines e... Read More
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16 pages
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2012
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LSI-R to LS/CMI Conversion: Analysis of Impact on Business Practices
By Skilling, Nancy.
Hennepin County Dept. of Community Corrections and Rehabilitation. Office of Planning, Policy and Evaluation (St. Paul, MN).
The Hennepin County Department of Community Corrections and Rehabilitation (DOCCR) is transitioning from using the Level of Service Inventory-Revised (LSI-R) to the Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (LS/CMI) during 2013. “Because the LSI-R is used to assign clients to appropriate supervision based on their risk scores, it is important to evaluate [the] impact that transition to the LS/CMI will have on this process … This report compares LSI-R scores to converted LS/CMI scores, defines e... Read More
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16 pages
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2012
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Classifying Adult Probationers by Forecasting Future Offending
By Barnes, Geoffrey C.; Hyatt, Jordan M..
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
If you are involved with the development and implementation of risk prediction tools in a probation setting, you should be aware of this new assessment system. “Random forest modeling techniques represent an improvement over the methodologies of traditional risk prediction instruments. Random forests allow for the inclusion of a large number of predictors, the use of a variety of different data sources, the expansion of assessments beyond binary outcomes, and taking the costs of different types... Read More
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64 pages
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2012
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Screening and Assessment in Juvenile Justice Systems: Identifying Mental Health Needs and Risk of Reoffending
By Vincent, Gina M..
Technical Assistance Partnership for Child and Family Mental Health (Washington, DC).
“This brief will explain why screening and assessment for risk and mental health are best used together by child-serving agencies when planning the most effective course of action for individual youth” (p. 1). Sections of this publication include: how screening and assessment differ; how the above concepts differ for risk assessment tools; how an agency selects a valid tool that is appropriate for its purpose; some examples of tools sued in juvenile justice facilities and community-based service... Read More
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17 pages
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2012
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A Multi-State Recidivism Study Using Static-99R and Static-2002 Risk Scores and Tier Guidelines from the Adam Walsh Act
By Zgoba, Kristen M.; Miner, Michael; Knight, Raymond; Letourneau, Elizabeth; Levenson, Jill; Thornton, David.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
The effectiveness of various sex offender classification instruments is investigated. This research is important in determining the best practices driving the success of sex offender management classification systems allowing you to utilize the best tool in your jurisdiction. Sections of this report include: abstract; executive summary; introduction; research design and methods; results regarding the respective abilities of nationally recommended Adam Walsh Act (AWA) classification tiers and act... Read More
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37 pages
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2012
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Arrest in the United States, 1990-2010
By Snyder, Howard N..
U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (Washington, DC).
Arrest trends over the twenty year period of 1990 to 2010 are presented. Sections of this report are: highlights; introduction; murder and non-negligent manslaughter; forcible rape and other sex offenses; robbery; aggravated assault; simple assault; burglary; larceny-theft; motor vehicle theft; weapon law violations; and drug abuse violations. 'The number of murder arrests in the U.S. fell by half between 1990 and 2010. The adult and juvenile arrest rates dropped substantially in the 1990s, whil... Read More
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26 pages
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2012
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Arrest in the United States, 1990-2010
By Snyder, Howard N..
U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (Washington, DC).
Arrest trends over the twenty year period of 1990 to 2010 are presented. Sections of this report are: highlights; introduction; murder and non-negligent manslaughter; forcible rape and other sex offenses; robbery; aggravated assault; simple assault; burglary; larceny-theft; motor vehicle theft; weapon law violations; and drug abuse violations. 'The number of murder arrests in the U.S. fell by half between 1990 and 2010. The adult and juvenile arrest rates dropped substantially in the 1990s, whil... Read More
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26 pages
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2012
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CJ Treatment Forms
Texas Christian University. Institute of Behavioral Research (xxx).
'TCU assessments for treatment in correctional (Criminal Justice) settings are included in this section. They include adaptations of forms originally used in community settings (based on the DATAR project) as well as assessments designed as part of the TCU Criminal Justice projects, beginning in 1994, for assessing needs and progress of offenders. Emphasis has been on offender needs and problem severity at intake to the CJ system, as well as continued psychosocial functioning and therapeutic e... Read More
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2012
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The Role of Screening and Assessment in Jail Reentry
By Christensen, Gary; Jannetta, Jesse; Willison, Janeen Buck.
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC); NIC-11TO02GKH6.
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC); Urban Institute. Justice Policy Center (Washington, DC).
“Consistent with effective correctional practice, jails and their community partners should identify risk levels and criminogenic needs of returning [offender] populations and should focus their resources on individuals with the highest levels of both … This brief presents the two-stage screening and assessment process to determine risk and needs levels that is a core element of the Transition from Jail to Community (TJC) model” (p. 1). Sections of this publication include: the TJC initiative; r... Read More
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11 pages
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2011
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Re-entry: Dynamic Risk Assessment
By Morgan, Robert D.; Kroner, Daryl G.; Mills, Jeremy F..
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
This study aims to examine the dynamic predictors of post-release outcomes for parolees reentering the community. Sections of this report following an abstract are: executive summary; technical report—introduction, methods, and results; and conclusions. “Most notably, in this study changes in offenders dynamic functioning was not associated with changes in community outcomes. That is, measuring change in offenders functioning using rated measures did not increase our ability to predict community... Read More
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129 pages
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2011
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State of the Science of Pretrial Risk Assessment
By Mamalian, Cynthia A..
U.S. Bureau of Justice Assistance (Washington, DC).
Pretrial Justice Institute (PJI) (Washington, DC).
“This publication is designed for a wide-ranging audience of criminal justice stakeholders who have questions about pretrial risk assessment and its value to the pretrial justice process” (p.3). Sections of this report are: introduction; setting the stage; critical issues related to pretrial release, detention, and risk assessment; challenges to implementing evidence-based risk assessment and threats to reliable administration; methodological challenges associated with prediction of risk; where ... Read More
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42 pages
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2011
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Desktop Guide for Tribal Probation Personnel: The Screening and Assessment Process
By Cobb, Kimberly A.; Mowatt, Mary Ann; Matz, Adam; Mullins, Tracy.
U.S. Bureau of Justice Assistance (Washington, DC).
"This guide is intended to provide tribal probation personnel with information on how the screening and assessment process can facilitate and promote offender accountability and long-term behavior change" (p. 2). Sections comprising this publication are: community corrections in context; the screening and assessment process; benefits of screening and assessment tools; choosing a tool; challenges to using assessment instruments; using screening and assessment results; and conclusion. Appendixes d... Read More
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80 pages
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2011
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Risk/Needs Assessment 101: Science Reveals New Tools to Manage Offenders
Pew Charitable Trusts. Pew Center on the States. Public Safety Performance Project (Washington, DC).
The use of risk/needs assessment tools is explained. Those people wanting to implement or expand the use of such tools should read this issue brief. Sections of this publication cover: what risk/needs assessment tools are; how these tools are used; what criminal risk factors are; the importance of differentiating individuals by risk level; the effectiveness of risk/needs tools; the tools available; considerations that should be made when implementing an assessment tool; the challenges and limita... Read More
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8 pages
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2011
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Webinar: Maximizing the Impact of Juvenile Justice Interventions: The Importance of Risk/Needs Assessment
Council of State Governments. Criminal Justice Mental Health Consensus Project (New York, NY); University of Massachusetts. Medical School. National Youth Screening and Assessment Project (NYSAP) (Worcester, MA).
This webinar addresses the use of risk/needs assessment in juvenile justice. It is also a very good introduction to what risk assessment entails. Topics discussed include: what a risk assessment tool is; the national perspective and importance of risk assessment; guiding principles; benefits per dollar invested; valid identification is the first step; ways proper implementation of a risk assessment can save costs; important risk assessment concepts; static risk factors; criminogenic need/dynamic... Read More
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37 pages + 1 audio file (58 minutes)
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2011
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YLS/CMI Norming Report
By Skilling, Nancy; Rud, Julie.
Hennepin County Dept. of Community Corrections and Rehabilitation. Office of Planning, Policy and Evaluation (St. Paul, MN).
“The Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS) is the primary assessment tool used to assess risk and needs of juveniles supervised by Hennepin County Juvenile Probation … Evidence-Based Practices requires that assessment tools be normed and validated for the specific population for which they are used. Norms provide a frame of references for interpretation of the scores of particular persons … Internal consistency measures for the Juvenile Probation assessments are consistent with ... Read More
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13 pages
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2011
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YLS/CMI Norming Report
By Skilling, Nancy; Rud, Julie.
Hennepin County Dept. of Community Corrections and Rehabilitation. Office of Planning, Policy and Evaluation (St. Paul, MN).
“The Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS) is the primary assessment tool used to assess risk and needs of juveniles supervised by Hennepin County Juvenile Probation … Evidence-Based Practices requires that assessment tools be normed and validated for the specific population for which they are used. Norms provide a frame of references for interpretation of the scores of particular persons … Internal consistency measures for the Juvenile Probation assessments are consistent with ... Read More
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13 pages
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2011
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YLS/CMI Norming Report
By Skilling, Nancy; Rud, Julie.
Hennepin County Dept. of Community Corrections and Rehabilitation. Office of Planning, Policy and Evaluation (St. Paul, MN).
“The Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS) is the primary assessment tool used to assess risk and needs of juveniles supervised by Hennepin County Juvenile Probation … Evidence-Based Practices requires that assessment tools be normed and validated for the specific population for which they are used. Norms provide a frame of references for interpretation of the scores of particular persons … Internal consistency measures for the Juvenile Probation assessments are consistent with ... Read More
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13 pages
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2011
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YLS/CMI Norming Report
By Skilling, Nancy; Rud, Julie.
Hennepin County Dept. of Community Corrections and Rehabilitation. Office of Planning, Policy and Evaluation (St. Paul, MN).
“The Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS) is the primary assessment tool used to assess risk and needs of juveniles supervised by Hennepin County Juvenile Probation … Evidence-Based Practices requires that assessment tools be normed and validated for the specific population for which they are used. Norms provide a frame of references for interpretation of the scores of particular persons … Internal consistency measures for the Juvenile Probation assessments are consistent with ... Read More
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13 pages
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2011
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YLS/CMI Norming Report
By Skilling, Nancy; Rud, Julie.
Hennepin County Dept. of Community Corrections and Rehabilitation. Office of Planning, Policy and Evaluation (St. Paul, MN).
“The Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS) is the primary assessment tool used to assess risk and needs of juveniles supervised by Hennepin County Juvenile Probation … Evidence-Based Practices requires that assessment tools be normed and validated for the specific population for which they are used. Norms provide a frame of references for interpretation of the scores of particular persons … Internal consistency measures for the Juvenile Probation assessments are consistent with ... Read More
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13 pages
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2011
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The Efficacy of the Risk-Need-Responsivity Framework in Guiding Treatment for Female Young Offenders
By Vitopoulos, Antigone Nina.
It is believed that the Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) framework is gender-neutral'that it works the same for male and female juvenile offenders. This report examines whether the RNR framework really does work equally well for male and female youth. This determines: whether RNR based YLS/CMI (Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory) clinician-identified needs are different for boy and girls; if the clinician-identified needs of boys and girls are matched by probation services at identical... Read More
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026629
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2011
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Does Mental Health Screening Fulfill Its Promise?
By Williams, Valerie; Grisso, Thomas.
John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation (Chicago, IL).
Models for Change (Washington, DC).
The ability of a mental health screening tool, such as the Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument-2nd Version (MAYSI-2) to successfully assess a detained juvenile's mental state is examined. Sections comprising this brief are: background; mental health symptoms being common at detention intake; whether screening may ultimately lead to greater availability of services; disruptive incidents being the same before and after screening; whether screening scores could have helped staff anticipate dis... Read More
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4 pages
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2011
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Exploring the Role of Responsivity and Assessment with Hispanic and American Indian Offenders
By Kane, Michael; Bechtel, Kristin; Revicki, Jesse; McLaughlin, Erin; McCall, Janice.
U.S. Bureau of Justice Assistance (Washington, DC).
Community Resources for Justice (CRJ). Crime and Justice Institute (Boston, MA).
“This report presents findings from an exploration of cultural responsivity in risk and needs assessment in community corrections agencies. As risk and needs assessment becomes more popular in community corrections, more researchers have begun to study issues involving the specific characteristics of offenders and how they interact with assessment and programming to impact outcomes, a concept commonly known as responsivity. In particular, two cultural groups were selected for study: Hispanics an... Read More
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113 pages
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2010
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Developments in Risk Assessment: Violence Risk and Sexual Violence Risk
By Heilbrun, Kirk.
A detailed outline with notes for a training session about advances in risk assessment for violent offenders and sex offenders is provided. This presentation discusses: the uses of risk assessment; nature of risk assessment; legal contours; ethical contours; forensic contours; general considerations when conducting a risk assessment; conducting risk assessment with different populations; basic rates and risk factors for violent behavior; various risk assessment tools; implications for interventi... Read More
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96 pages
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2010
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DOCCR Validation of Two Domestic Violence Risk Instruments: Domestic Violence Screening Instrument (DVSI) & Spousal Abuse Risk Assessment (SARA)
By Skilling, Nancy; Nonemaker, Debra.
Hennepin County Dept. of Community Corrections and Rehabilitation. Office of Planning, Policy and Evaluation (St. Paul, MN).
The predictive validity of the Domestic Violence Screening Instrument (DVSI) and the Spousal Abuse Risk Assessment (SARA) Guide being used to assess misdemeanor domestic violence offenders is determined. “The results of this study provide strong evidence of validity of the SARA and the DVSI in predicting risk to reoffend in general and risk for domestic violence related offenses specifically. This is true for subpopulations of first time domestic offenders, repeat domestic offenders, males and f... Read More
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11 pages
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2010
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LSI-R Norming Report
By Skilling, Nancy.
Hennepin County Dept. of Community Corrections and Rehabilitation. Office of Planning, Policy and Evaluation (St. Paul, MN).
The norming of the Hennepin County Pre-Screener and Level of Service Inventory Revised (LSI-R) is described. Norming involves a standardization sample used for determining a normal distribution of test takers. These percentages are then used for ranking assessed offenders in the future. Norms are not standards but frames of reference. The recommendation for assigning offenders to traditional supervision in the community is that their LSI-R score be 24 or lower.... Read More
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5 pages
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2010
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LSI-R Norming Report
By Skilling, Nancy.
Hennepin County Dept. of Community Corrections and Rehabilitation. Office of Planning, Policy and Evaluation (St. Paul, MN).
The norming of the Hennepin County Pre-Screener and Level of Service Inventory Revised (LSI-R) is described. Norming involves a standardization sample used for determining a normal distribution of test takers. These percentages are then used for ranking assessed offenders in the future. Norms are not standards but frames of reference. The recommendation for assigning offenders to traditional supervision in the community is that their LSI-R score be 24 or lower.... Read More
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5 pages
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2010
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DOCCR Validation Study of the Research Institute on Addiction Sefl-Inventory (RIASA)
By Skilling, Nancy; Nonemaker, Debra.
Hennepin County Dept. of Community Corrections and Rehabilitation. Office of Planning, Policy and Evaluation (St. Paul, MN).
“Repeat offenders pose a significant threat to public safety and reducing DWI [driving while impaired] recidivism is an important goal of DOCCR. The first step in achieving that goal is the identification of those DWI offenders who are at higher risk to reoffend by the use of a valid screening process, one that is predictive of subsequent DWI offenses” (p. 1). This study looks to determine the validity of the Research Institute on Addiction Self-Inventory (RIASI) in risk screening DWI offenders.... Read More
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12 pages
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2010
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DOCCR Validation Study of the Research Institute on Addiction Sefl-Inventory (RIASA)
By Skilling, Nancy; Nonemaker, Debra.
Hennepin County Dept. of Community Corrections and Rehabilitation. Office of Planning, Policy and Evaluation (St. Paul, MN).
“Repeat offenders pose a significant threat to public safety and reducing DWI [driving while impaired] recidivism is an important goal of DOCCR. The first step in achieving that goal is the identification of those DWI offenders who are at higher risk to reoffend by the use of a valid screening process, one that is predictive of subsequent DWI offenses” (p. 1). This study looks to determine the validity of the Research Institute on Addiction Self-Inventory (RIASI) in risk screening DWI offenders.... Read More
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12 pages
|
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2010
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DOCCR Validation Study of the Research Institute on Addiction Sefl-Inventory (RIASA)
By Skilling, Nancy; Nonemaker, Debra.
Hennepin County Dept. of Community Corrections and Rehabilitation. Office of Planning, Policy and Evaluation (St. Paul, MN).
“Repeat offenders pose a significant threat to public safety and reducing DWI [driving while impaired] recidivism is an important goal of DOCCR. The first step in achieving that goal is the identification of those DWI offenders who are at higher risk to reoffend by the use of a valid screening process, one that is predictive of subsequent DWI offenses” (p. 1). This study looks to determine the validity of the Research Institute on Addiction Self-Inventory (RIASI) in risk screening DWI offenders.... Read More
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12 pages
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2010
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What Is So Special About Male Adolescent Sexual Offending? A Review and Test of Explanations Through Meta-Analysis
By Seto, Michael C.; Lalumiere, Martin L..
'In the present quantitative review, we focus on the validity of special explanations of adolescent sexual offending that are testable by comparing adolescent sex offenders with other adolescent offenders 'We contrast offense-specific theories with the more parsimonious view that sexual offending is simply one of many manifestations of general antisocial tendencies (which we also refer to as the 'general delinquency explanation') and therefore can be explained with the same risk factors and proc... Read More
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50 pages
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2010
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Report on the Activities of the Institutional Corrections Research Network, 2007-2009
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
Association of State Correctional Administrators (ASCA) (Middletown, MD).
The National Institute of Corrections 'has incorporated outcome measures and performance standards into the work that they do across the country to determine if those activities were having an impact and benefiting the field ' One of the primary means by which NIC approached this work was through the development of the Institutional Corrections Research Network (ICRN) ' a group of correctional administrators and corrections researchers that meets annually to discuss research in the field of corr... Read More
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46 pages
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2010
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Assessment, Intervention and Prevention of Self-Injurious Behavior in Correctional Environments
By Usher, Amelia; Power, Janine; Wilton, Geoff.
Correctional Service of Canada (Ottawa, Ontario).
Potential strategies for dealing with self-injurious behavior (SIB) are examined. Agencies looking for evidence-based practices for addressing SIB will find this report very good. Sections in addition to an executive summary include: profile of offenders and factors associated with SIB; evidence-based interventions for SIB—risk assessment, comprehensive therapies, common features of effective interventions, interventions for aboriginal offenders, and administrative responses; helping staff deal ... Read More
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58 pages
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2010
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Evidence-Based Sentencing for Drug Offenders: An Analysis of Prognostic Risks and Criminogenic Needs
By Marlowe, Douglas B..
“A model of evidence-based sentencing is presented that attempts to match drug offenders to dispositions that optimally balance impacts on cost, public safety, and the welfare of the offender” (p. 169). This model may give your agency some ideas on what sentencing options work best for your offender population. Sections of this article are: introduction; dispositions for drug offenders—pre-trial diversion of administrative probation, probation without verdict, drug courts, intermediate punishmen... Read More
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35 pages
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2010
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Mental Health Screening and Assessment in the Illinois Juvenile Justice System
By Bostwick, Lindsay.
Illinois Juvenile Justice Commission (Chicago, IL).
Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority (Chicago, IL).
If you are involved with screening juvenile offenders, you want to read this report. It discusses the differences in assessment instruments, their use, and concerns regarding such. Sections cover: introduction; mental health screening and assessment practices in the Illinois juvenile justice system; mental health screening and assessment tools—psychometric properties, mental health screening instruments, mental health assessment instruments, and other screening and assessment tools; conclusion; ... Read More
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71 p.
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2010
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Suitability of Assessment Instruments for Delinquent Girls
By Brumbaugh, Susan; Walters, Jennifer L. Hardison; Winterfield, Laura A..
U.S. Dept. of Justice. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (Washington, DC).
Individuals tasked with (or others just interested in) implementing an effective screening process for juvenile females need to read this bulletin. “The purpose of this report is to determine the extent to which assessment instruments used with at-risk and justice-involved youth are equally appropriate and effective in assessing girls and boys” (p. 2). This report is comprised of sections about: background and methods; examining two categories of instruments—risk assessment and treatment-focused... Read More
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12 p.
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2010
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Static-99 Clearinghouse
Static-99 Clearinghouse (N.P.).
A wealth of information regarding this sex offender risk assessment instrument for adult males is available at this website. Points of entry are Static-99 documents, training, Static-2002 documents, research, norms, legal issues, and related links.... Read More
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2 p.
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2010
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Kentucky Pretrial Risk Assessment Instrument Validation
By Austin, James; Ocker, Roger; Bhati, Avi.
U.S. Bureau of Justice Assistance (Washington, DC).
JFA Institute (Washington, DC).
The validity of the Kentucky Pretrial Service Agency (KPSA) risk assessment instrument is determined. Other pretrial agencies can compare their risk assessment instruments to this evaluation to see where they stand. Sections of this report are: introduction; research methods; use of special conditions; and improvement of the current tool. Based on conflicts in the prior instrument, a modified tool resulted from this study.... Read More
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16 pages
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2010
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Anthony Malenchik, Appellant v. State of Indiana, Appellee
Indiana Supreme Court (Indianapolis, IN).
A judicial decision supporting the courts use of objective assessment tools is presented. The members of the court “hold that the results of LSI-R [Level of Service Inventory-Revised] and SASSI [Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory] offender assessment instruments are appropriate supplemental tools for judicial considerations in sentencing. These evaluations and their scores are not intended to serve as aggravating or mitigating circumstances nor to determine the gross length of sentence, ... Read More
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15 pages
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2010
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Risk as Proxy for Race
By Harcourt, Bernard E..
University of Chicago. Law School (Chicago, IL).
The author explains why “the use of risk-assessment tools to decrease prison populations, first, will unquestionably aggravate the already intolerable racial imbalance in our prison populations (at least in the United States) and second, will not address the real source of mass incarceration, namely the front-end admissions process” (p. 2). Sections of this paper include: cautionary tales on prediction; from race to risk and prior criminal history as a proxy for skin color—race as an early predi... Read More
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14 pages
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2009
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Pretrial Risk Assessment in the Federal Court for the Purpose of Expanding the Use of Alternatives to Detention
By VanNostrand, Marie; Keebler, Gena.
U.S. Dept. of Justice. Office of the Federal Detention Trustee (Washington, DC).
Luminosity, Inc. (St. Petersburg, FL).
The identification of “federal criminal defendants who are most suited for pretrial release without jeopardizing the integrity of the judicial process or the safety of the community, in particular release predicated on participation in an alternatives to detention program” is investigated. Sections following an executive summary include: introduction; population description; research objective one -- pretrial risk classification; research objective two -- risk levels, release and detention rates... Read More
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53 p.
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2009
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Review of the Latest Research on Use and Validity of the Level of Service Inventory-Revised (LSI-R)
Oklahoma Dept. of Corrections (Oklahoma City, OK).
The utilization and effectiveness of the increasingly popular Level of Service Inventory-Revised (LSI-R) and its revised versions are assessed. Sections following an abstract include: the LSI-R and the LSI-R: SV; LSI-R use and applicability; LSI-R and offense types; LSI-R and race/ethnicity; LSI-R and gender; LSI-R and mental health populations; LSI-R and non-US or Canadian populations; LSI-R management; and conclusion. This White Paper finds, with some qualifiers and provisos, that "properly a... Read More
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11 p.
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2009
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Quality Assurance Workgroup Report, 2008-2009
Minnesota Dept. of Corrections (St. Paul, MN).
Staff scoring proficiency and inter-rater reliability in using the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) and the Level of Service Inventory-Revised (LSI-R) by the Minnesota Department of Corrections are assessed. Sections of this report include: introduction; current policy; Quality Assurance Workgroup; baseline testing; LSI-R results; YLS/CMI results; conclusion and recommendations. With the assessment tools playing an increasing role in the delivery of services, the Workg... Read More
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37 p.
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2009
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Validation of the Wisconsin Department of Corrections Risk Assessment Instrument
By Eisenberg, Mike; Bryl, Jason; Fabelo, Tony.
Wisconsin Dept. of Corrections (Madison, WI).
Council of State Governments. Justice Center (New York, NY).
Results are presented from a validity study of the Wisconsin Department of Corrections DOC 502 Risk Scale. Seven sections follow an executive summary: introduction; review of relevant risk assessment issues; scope of work; methodology; results for distribution of populations by risk factors, percent new offense by risk factors, distribution of risk groups, outcomes of risk group -- new offense within 3 years and new assaultive offense within 3 years, and correlation of risk factors to committin... Read More
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45 p.
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2009
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Predictive Validity of the Recidivism Risk Assessment Scales (RISc)
By Knaap, L.M., van der; Alberda, D.L..
Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek- en Documentatiecentrum (WODC) (The Hague, Netherlands); Nederlands Ministry of Justice. Research and Documentation Centre (The Hague, Netherlands).
The RISc (Recidivism Risk Assessment Scales) predictive validity is evaluated. Sections of this report are: background; objectives and research questions; methods; recidivism—total research group and specific target groups; RISc total score of recidivists and non-recidivists; predictive validity of RISc total score; the separate contribution of the RISc scales to the prediction of recidivism; improving the predictive validity of the RISc; risk categories and recidivism; a new classification in r... Read More
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7 p.
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2009
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A Question of Evidence: A Critique of Risk Assessment Models Used in the Justice System
By Baird, Christopher.
National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) (Oakland, CA).
Problems existing with the risk assessment of juveniles are examined. Topics covered include: model validity; measures of validity; reliability; measuring impact; terminology; and summary. "NCCD [National Council on Crime and Delinquency] supports standard case assessment and management models for both juvenile and adult offenders (JAIS and CAIS)" (p. 11).... Read More
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12 p.
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2009
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Pretrial Failure Among New York City Defendants
By Siddiqi, Qudsia.
New York City Criminal Justice Agency, Inc. (New York, NY).
The development of a risk assessment instrument that predicts both failure to appear and pretrial re-arrest is explained. This brief covers: plan of analysis; selected characteristics of defendants in the sample; predicting pretrial failure; developing a failure risk classification system; comparing the failure risk classification system with the ROR (release-on-recognizance) recommendation system; summary and conclusion; and implications. The failure risk classification system shows a direct r... Read More
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8 p.
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2009
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New Risk Instrument for Offenders Improves Classification Decisions
By Drake, E.K.; Barnoski, R..
Washington State Institute for Public Policy (Olympia, WA).
Results are provided from an evaluation of Washington State's Offender Accountability Act's (OAA) static risk assessment instrument. Sections of this report are: summary; background; risk classification; study population; defining recidivism; and findings. The present RLC (Risk Level Classification) system is better at predictive accuracy for recidivism (re-convictions) than the past RMI (Risk Management Identification) system.... Read More
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4 p.
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2009
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“What Works” for Female Probationers? An Evaluation of the Moving On Program
By Gehring, Krista S.; Van Voorhis, Patricia; Bell, Valerie R..
University of Cincinnati. Division of Criminal Justice (Cincinnati, OH).
The effectiveness of the Moving On program is evaluated. Moving On is a gender-responsive, cognitive behavioral program for women probationers. Sections of this report include: program description; data and study design; sample; outcome measures; results for rearrests, convictions, incarcerations, and technical violations; effects of program completion on rearrests, convictions, incarcerations, and technical violations; and implications of the findings. “The findings from this study indicate th... Read More
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16 pages
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2009
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Determining Your Client’s Likelihood of Success under Community
Supervision and Improving the Odds for a Non-Prison Sentence
By Barrett, Denise C..
Office of the Federal Public Defender for the District of Delaware. National Federal Defender Sentencing Resource Counsel (Raleigh, NC).
“This paper discusses some of the ways you can determine your client’s likelihood of success under community supervision, identify those areas where you client needs additional support to improve the likelihood of success, and persuade a judge that prison is a greater than necessary punishment for your client” (p. 1). Sections of this document are: assessing the risk of recidivism—the Risk Prediction Index (IRPI), and other ways to assess risk; assessing your client’s criminogenic needs and buil... Read More
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18 pages
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2008
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Achieving Accurate Pictures of Risk and Identifying Gender Responsive Needs: Two New Assessments for Women Offenders
By Van Voorhis, Patricia; Salisbury, Emily; Wright, Emily; Bauman, Ashley.
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
The development of new risk/needs assessments specifically designed for female offenders is discussed. This report is comprised of these sections:
- The case for women's needs;
- Development of new assessments;
- Construction validation research;
- Full instruments;
- Implementation considerations;
- Obtaining the gender-responsive assessments;
- And conclusion.
... Read More
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26 p.
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2008
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Topics in Community Corrections, Annual Issue 2008: Applying Evidence-Based Practices in Pretrial Services
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
LIS, Inc. (Longmont, CO); National Institute of Corrections Information Center (Aurora, CO).
Articles in this issue include:
- “Foreword” by Ken Rose
- “A Framework for Implementing Evidence-Based Practices in Pretrial Services” by John Clark
- “Advancing Evidence-Based Practices in the Pretrial Field” by Katie Green, Pat Smith, and Kristina Bryant
- “Improving Pretrial Assessment and Supervision in Colorado” by Michael R. Jones and Sue Ferrere
- “Pretrial Defendants: Are They Getting Too Much of a Good Thing?” by Barbara M. Hankey
- “Charge Specialty and Revicti... Read More
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40 p.
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2008
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Improving Pretrial Assessment and Supervision in Colorado
By Jones, Michael R.; Ferrere, Sue.
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
LIS, Inc. (Longmont, CO); National Institute of Corrections Information Center (Aurora, CO).
The Colorado Improving Supervised Pretrial Release (CISPR) Project, an innovative pretrial initiative, is described. This article contains these sections; introduction; aims of the CISPR Project; and CISPR phases -- develop statistically validated pretrial release risk assessment instrument, match risks and interventions, educate system stakeholders, prepare documentation, assist with local implementation, and solidify progress. Phase I should last through 2008 with following phases continuing ... Read More
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5 p.
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2008
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Overview of Domestic Violence (DV) Risk Assessment Instruments (Frequently Asked Questions)
By Bechtel, Kristin; Woodward, Bill.
National Institute of Corrections ((Washington, DC).
Frequently asked questions about domestic violence (DV) risk assessment instruments are answered. Topics covered are: why risk assessment instruments are needed for DV offenders; instruments that can be used to assess DV offenders; what can be done if caseloads are too high to provide a full general/violent assessment of all DV offenders; why one should use a general third generation risk assessment tool before using a specific DV assessment instrument; how to know there are “low” risk DV offen... Read More
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5 p.
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2008
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Our System of Corrections: Do Jails Play a Role in Improving Offender Outcomes?
By Christensen, Gary E..
National Institute of Corrections. Community Corrections Division (Washington, DC).
National Institute of Corrections. Community Corrections Division (Washington, DC); Crime and Justice Institute (Boston, MA).
"This document will review the role of jails and incarceration within United States' correctional systems and propose opportunities for jail officials to interact and collaborate with local criminal justice entities with the shared purpose of enhancing long-term public safety" (p. ix). Sections following an abstract include: practice within corrections -- does it work as a system; corrections within the U.S. -- the current context; evidence-based practice -- the effectiveness of criminal sancti... Read More
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43 p.
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2008
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Gender Responsive Classification Instruments for Women Offenders: What Do They Look Like and How Will They Improve Practice? [Lesson Plan]
National Institute of Corrections Academy (Aurora, CO).
This two-hour training session is for correctional managers wanting to implement risk and needs assessments for adult female offenders. Participants will: become familiar with gender-responsive assessments and approaches; and receive information regarding the adoption of the Women’s Risk and Needs Assessment instrument. Topics discussed include: evidence-based practice; risk/needs assessment; gender-neutral risk assessment; women offenders; gender-responsive concepts; risk assessment validation;... Read More
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12 p.
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2007
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Gender-Responsive Risk/Needs Assessment, Final Report
By Wright, Emily; Van Voorhis, Patricia; Bauman, Ashley; Salisbury, Emily.
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
University of Cincinnati. Center for Criminal Justice Research (Cincinnati, OH).
Results are provided from an evaluation of the gender-responsive risk/needs assessment used by Minnesota, the LSI-R (Level of Service Inventory-Revised), and a supplement called the "trailer". Sections comprising this report include: project history; women offenders and risk assessment; study methodology; results; construction of the final trailer instrument; treatment and policy implications; implementation considerations; and conclusion.... Read More
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117 p.
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2007
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A Gender Responsive Risk Assessment for Women Offenders: Results for the Missouri Department of Corrections Probation, Prison, and Pre-Release Samples
By Van Voorhis, Patricia; Salisbury, Emily; Wright, Emily; Bauman, Ashley; Holsinger, Kristi.
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
University of Cincinnati. Center for Criminal Justice Research (Cincinnati, OH).
Results are reported for an evaluation of a stand alone risk/needs assessment instrument for female offenders developed for the Missouri Department of Corrections. Sections of this document include: gender responsive needs; Missouri Project history; methodology; analyses of findings; implementation issues; and conclusion.... Read More
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100 p.
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2006
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Gender Responsive Risk/Needs Assessment, Final Report
By Van Voorhis, Patricia; Salisbury, Emily; Bauman, Ashley; Wright, Emily
.
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
University of Cincinnati. Center for Criminal Justice Research (Cincinnati, OH).
Results from the Gender-Responsive Risk/Needs Assessment Project for Maui CARE are provided. Maui CARE is an "interagency collaboration with the communities of Maui, Molokai, and Lanai to improve criminal justice responses and outcomes for women and their families" (p. 9). This report contains sections about: project history; supporting research; study methodology; results; construction of the final trailer; summary of implementation considerations; and summary of policy implications.... Read More
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75 p.
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