Mycobacterium tuberculosis are seen as acid-fast bacilli when stained with the Zeihl-Neelsen acid-fast stain and viewed at 1,000X magnification.
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Leprosy bacilli harvested from freshly biopsied tissue from cases of lepromatous, borderline and histoid leprosy were, in conjunction with Mycobacterium lepraemurium and representative mycobacteria, examined cytochemically with and without their pyridine-extractable acid-fastness. Unlike the mycobacteria, unextracted leprosy bacilli ...
PubMed Central
The principles and techniques involved in fluorescence microscopy as related to the demonstration of acid-fast bacilli are discussed. The auramine-rhodamine staining method, for both tissue and bacteriological preparations, is described as well as the necessary equipment for both microscopy and photomicroscopy. Fluorescence staining is no more difficult ...
... AFB Acid-fast bacilli AIDS Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Am Amikacin Amx/Clv Amoxicillin/clavulanate ART Antiretroviral therapy ARV Antiretroviral drug ...
Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER)
Acid fast bacilli stain; AFB stain; Tuberculosis smear; TB smear ... The test is performed when the doctor suspects tuberculosis or other Mycobacterium infection.
MedlinePLUS
... 4 to 8 weeks to grow a culture of M ... in differentiating different species of acid-fast bacilli in samples ... the samples, or by testing the cultures using the ...
DTIC Science & Technology
... diagnosed at postmortem examination with disseminated granulomas containing acid-fast bacilli. The physical condition of the seahorse deteriorated during ... ...
NBII National Biological Information Infrastructure
The histological findings and their correlation with biochemical functions of the liver in 240 leprosy patients are presented. In 21% with tuberculoid leprosy and in 62% with lepromatous leprosy leprous granulomata were found in the liver. A significant prevalence of granulomatous lesions in the liver among patients with tuberculoid and borderline-tuberculoid leprosy of less than one year's ...
... of macrophages and a few lymphocytes. Acid-fast staining revealed a high density of acid-fast bacilli in the tissues. A diagnosis of granulomatous hepatitis of suspected mycobacterial origin was made for b...
In 21 experimental groups of hamsters human leprosy material was inoculated into the ears and testes. Using nerve invasion by acid-fast bacilli as a criterion of growth, positive results were obtained in 20 groups and in 93 (30.3%) of 301 hamsters inocula...
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
To prevent irreversible deformities leprosy should be diagnosed in its earliest stages. The searching of small dermal nerves for acid-fast bacilli emphasized by Khanolkar has enabled pathologists in many cases to diagnose diagnose leprosy even through the...
Twenty-five of 32 patients with leprosy and high concentrations of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in the skin had bacteremia of a magnitude that permitted identification of Mycobacterium leprae in smears of peripheral blood. In patients with untreated lepromatou...
Lesions of tuberculosis in mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) were present in all visceral organs. The tubercles were composed of large rounded macrophages which contained numerous intracytoplasmic acid-fast bacilli. The lesions were not encapsulated and mineralization was not observed. PMID:650789
PubMed
Ten cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, one of Mycobacterium kansasii (nonsignificant), and one of Mycobacterium phlei were submitted to starvation. As a result they lost first their acid fastness and then all other staining affinities but, in this chromophobic state, they survived for at least 2 years and, after that time, produced cultures of ...
Female Aedes aegypti which took partial blood meals from the skin lesions of untreated lepromatous leprosy (LL) patients were then allowed to continue feeding on 72-96-hr-old Swiss albino suckling mice (Rockefeller strain). The bitten portion of skin was removed, divided into two parts and processed for the extraction of bacilli by two different methods using chloroform and ...
Batches of hungry Aedes aegypti mosquitoes which partially sucked blood from the skin lesions of proved untreated lepromatous leprosy (LL) patients were allowed immediately to feed on a portion of the skin of a cleanly shaved swiss mouse. The portion of the skin was cut, homogenized on the same day and extracted with chloroform. Out of 10 extracts, stained for acid ...
The lengthy treatment regimen for tuberculosis is necessary to eradicate a small sub-population of M. tuberculosis that persists in certain host locations under drug pressure. Limited information is available on persisting bacilli and their location within the lung during disease progression and after ...
The HIV pandemic has resulted in unique clinical presentations in patients, and their diagnosis and management pose challenges to physicians in the developing world.� Due to limited resources and difficulties in laboratory diagnosis, most physicians treat according to the most likely etiological agent that might be causing the disease. In South Africa, when acid-fast ...
A research colony of Xenopus (Silurana) tropicalis frogs presented with nodular and ulcerative skin lesions. Additional consistent gross findings included splenomegaly with multiple tan-yellow nodular foci in the spleen and liver of diseased frogs. Copious acid-fast positive bacteria were present in touch impression smears of spleen, skin, and livers of diseased frogs. ...
Infection of peripheral nerve by Mycobacterium leprae, the histopathological hallmark of leprosy, is a major factor in this disease, but the route and mechanisms by which bacilli localize to peripheral nerve are unknown. Experimentally infected armadillos have recently been recognized as a model of lepromatous neuritis; the major site of early accumulation of M. leprae is ...
A study was made to document and evaluate effective technologies for the control of potential health hazards at Methodist Hospital (SIC-8062) located in Indianapolis, Indiana. Ways were studied to maintain negative pressure in acid fast bacilli (AFB) isol...
A new method for rapid enumeration of physiologically active mycobacteria was developed by acid-fast bacilli staining (Auramine O) following formazan reduction. Results can be obtained within 90 min by the optimized procedure, while more than one week is required for the widely used culture-dependent approach. PMID:20600362
A biochemical identification scheme for Mycobacterium spp. consisting of the API-ZYM strip plus five additional tests was evaluated on 50 strains of acid-fast bacilli isolated from cerebrospinal fluid of meningitis cases in Egypt. All isolates were identi...
Necropsy of two llamas revealed numerous caseous nodules containing abundant acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in various organs. The AFB were identified by spoligotyping as Mycobacterium microti, vole type. Infection caused by M. microti should be considered in the differential diagnosis of debilitating diseases in New World camelids. PMID:15071059
Necropsy of two llamas revealed numerous caseous nodules containing abundant acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in various organs. The AFB were identified by spoligotyping as Mycobacterium microti, vole type. Infection caused by M. microti should be considered in the differential diagnosis of debilitating diseases in New World camelids.
Nocardiosis is often misdiagnosed as tuberculosis in patients with HIV, as both diseases have similar manifestations. We describe the successful management of a case of advanced AIDS with disseminated Nocardial infection due to N. asteroides. Nocardial infection needs to be suspected in a patient with HIV infection when there is chest radiographic abnormality and when thrice sputum microscopy for ...
trephine stains for acid-fast bacilli, fungi, parvovirus, human herpes virus 8 and Epstein�Barr virus were stage 4 disease, and among these cryptococcal meningitis was the AIDS-defining illness in 18 (13 to national guidelines, cryptococcal meningitis was treated with fluconazole 400 mg/day for 8 weeks followed
E-print Network
We evaluated the value of CT-guided transthoracic core biopsy for the diagnosis of mycobacterial pulmonary nodules. The 30 subjects in this study had pulmonary nodules that had been either diagnosed histopathologically as tuberculosis or were suspected as tuberculosis based on a specimen obtained by CT-guided transthoracic core biopsy. The histopathological findings, the existence of ...
Energy Citations Database
Incidence and prevalence of Mycobacterium fortuitum infection vary greatly by location and death is very rare except in disseminated disease in immunocompromised individuals. We present what we believe is the first case of bone marrow infection with Mycobacterium fortuitum in an HIV negative patient. Bone marrow examination revealed presence of numerous acid ...
Tuberculosis of the skeletal muscle is very rare which is often missed in the early stages. This leads to delay in treatment resulting in irreversible limb deformity and loss of function. The authors describe a case of healthy child with an intramuscular cystic swelling above the elbow joint. The pus showing acid fast bacilli ...
The thermophilic bacilli, such as Anoxybacillus flavithermus and Geobacillus spp., are an important group of contaminants in the dairy industry. Although these bacilli are generally not pathogenic, their presence in dairy products is an indicator of poor hygiene and high numbers are unacceptable to customers. In addition, their growth may result in milk ...
In the course of WHO/UNICEF-assisted tuberculosis surveys carried out in a number of African territories, sputa were microscopically examined for the presence of acid-fast bacilli. Since adequate facilities for performing cultures to confirm the diagnosis of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections were not available in these territories, it was ...
A unique hallmark of tuberculosis is the granulomatous lesions formed in the lung. Granulomas can be heterogeneous in nature and can develop a necrotic, hypoxic core which is surrounded by an acellular, fibrotic rim. Studying bacilli in this in vivo microenvironment is problematic as Mycobacterium tuberculosis can change its phenotype and also become ...
Postoperative septicaemia with infective endocarditis is a recognized complication of open-heart surgery, in particular homograft or prosthetic replacement of cardiac valves. Several infective organisms, both bacterial and fungal, have been incriminated but infection due to tubercle bacilli has not, to our knowledge, been reported. The clinicopathological features of this ...
From July 1989 to October 1998, 9/37 (24%) adult captive tiger quolls (Dasyurus maculatus) were diagnosed with atypical mycobacterial infection involving the subcutis and skin. Females were more often affected than males (seven females, two males). Grossly, lesions presented as focal thickenings, plaques, and abscesses within the subcutis, often with fistulous tracts. The subcutis and skin ...
A herd of pigs being reared for breeding and fattening, in which there had been incidences of abortion and wasting, reduced growth rates and an increase in mortality for the past year, were tested for Mycobacterium infection by pathological examinations, skin test, serology and Mycobacterium culture. In one placenta, and also in the lung tissues of fetuses, Ziehl-Neelsen staining revealed ...
Tuberculous pyomyositis is a rare entity reported in literature. The presented case reports the occurrence of such a lesion in forearm muscles, without any bony involvement. The ambiguity in its diagnosis led to inadequate management by the primary care physician. Clinical suspicion, positive tuberculin test, culture of acid-fast bacilli, �effective ...
Tuberculosis affects almost every organ of the body, and the breast is no exception. However, tuberculosis of the breast is rare, and the varied presentation requires a high index of suspicion, especially in middle-aged women for whom a clinical diagnosis of malignancy is likely to be made. We report two cases of primary tuberculosis of breast with different manifestations. One case presented as ...
Classical renal tuberculosis is a well-known cause of urinary tract scarring and calcification, and sometimes renal dysfunction. In the past two decades there have been reports, particularly from the United Kingdom among immigrants from the Indian subcontinent, of a more insidiously progressive form of renal disease. Ultrasound shows small smooth kidneys, and histology reveals tubulointerstitial ...
A case of fatal pulmonal infection with Mycobacterium intracellular in a patient with hairy-cell leukemia is reported. 2 years after diagnosis and splenectomy chronic fever and progressive infiltration of the superior lobe of the left lung developed. Direct microscopical examination of bronchial aspirate detected acid-fast bacilli. Despite vigorous ...
Disseminated Mycobacterium tuberculosis with involvement of liver, spleen, and bone marrow is a nonspecific and rare complication in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected infants. Here, we report a six month old girl with fever, recurrent infections, bilateral axilary lymphadenitis, hepatomegaly, huge splenomegaly, and failure to thrive per the Center for Disease Control category of C for ...
A 44-year old, male, tattooed, leather jacket clad, Harley-Davidson motorcyclist arrived at the emergency room with a tender, irreducible mass, presenting at the external inguinal ring. In 1998, lung biopsy was read as miliary granuloma. No herniation was found on urgent preperitoneal exploration. Incision of the mass showed acid-fast bacilli. Culture ...
A liver from a hunter-harvested wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) from Kansas was evaluated by the Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study. Grossly, the liver contained several grayish-white masses ranging from 0.5-3 cm in diameter. These masses were scattered throughout the parenchyma and bulged from the capsular surface. Histologic examination revealed multifocal to coalescing granulomas ...
Two imported male hooded mergansers (Lophodytes cucullatus) were introduced into a zoological aviary in Japan, and one of them died 10 mo later. Postmortem revealed numerous white yellowish nodules of various sizes in the liver. Two large nodules were also observed below the right lung and on the top of the left kidney. Histopathologically, a large number of tubercles with ...
Fine needle aspiration cytology of suspected tuberculous lymphadenitis The aims of this cross-sectional study were to describe the distributional patterns of tuberculous lymphadenitis and to assess the correlation between fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and the Ziehl Neelsen staining technique in diagnosing tuberculous lymphadenitis. Romanowsky's method (Wright's stain) for cytological ...
BackgroundAlthough World Health Organization guidelines recommend clinical judgment and chest radiography for diagnosing tuberculosis in HIV-infected adults with unexplained cough and negative sputum smears for acid-fast bacilli, the diagnostic performance of this approach is unknown. Therefore, we sought to assess the accuracy of symptoms, physical signs, ...
To the Editor: Seahorses (Hippocampus guttulatus and H. hippocampus) with signs of tail rot disease (lethargy, lack of appetite, white spots on the skin, and necrotic tail lesions) were collected from aquaria at the Institute of Marine Research, Spain, during March 2007 through May 2009 (Appendix Figure). Microscopic examination of cutaneous lesions after Ziehl-Neelsen staining disclosed ...
Tubercle bacilli may survive in unstained heat-fixed sputum smears and may be an infection risk to laboratory staff. We compared the effectiveness of 1% and 5% sodium hypochlorite, 5% phenol, 2% glutaraldehyde, and 3.7% formalin in killing Mycobacterium tuberculosis present in smears prepared from 51 sputum samples. The smears were decontaminated by the tube and slide ...
Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is a structurally heterogeneous amphipathic lipoglycan present in Mycobacterium spp. and other actinomycetes, which constitutes a major component of the cell-wall and exhibits a wide spectrum of immunomodulatory effects. Analysis of Mycobacterium smegmatis subcellular fractions and spheroplasts showed that LAM and lipomannan (LM) was primarily found in a cell-wall enriched ...
Background:Sputum for acid fast bacilli (AFB) is seldom looked for in the etiological diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion usually due to the absence of any parenchymal lesion radiologically, but presence of tubercle bacilli in sputum may have important epidemiological and therapeutic implication.Aims:This ...
Six cases of mycobacteriosis due to Mycobacterium genavense in three budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus), one orange-winged amazon (Amazona amazonica), one flycatcher (Cyanoptila cyanomelana), and one zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) are discussed. Gross lesions associated with the infection included a high degree of muscular wasting (five cases), hepatomegaly (four cases), and thickening of ...
We report the apparent spread of mycobacterial tuberculosis among a submarine crew from a crew member with a low grade of infectivity. The air-conditioning system of submarines requires completely closed recirculation of ambient air. If a person with pulmonary tuberculosis were in a submarine, one would expect to find a high incidence of tuberculosis among others on the ship. The index patient was ...
Tuberculosis (TB) is a common disease in Spain, whose incidence has increased due to AIDS, immunotherapy and immigration. Intestinal disease is rare and can be difficult to diagnose because its symptoms and laboratory results are nonspecific. In addition, endoscopic lesions resemble those of other diseases such as Crohns disease (CD). Differentiating between intestinal TB and CD is very important ...
Primary inoculation tuberculosis results from the direct inoculation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis into the skin of a person who has no natural or artificially acquired immunity to the organism. The pathogenesis requires a break in the skin from an abrasion or injury that allows entry of the tubercle bacilli. We report 3 cases of primary inoculation tuberculosis resulting from ...
Cellular immunity is thought to be of major importance in resistance to infection with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, the causative agent of Johne's disease of ruminants. The results of this study clarify the influence of bovine mononuclear phagocyte maturation on the ingestion and intracellular survival of M. paratuberculosis in vitro. Optimal phagocytosis of M. paratuberculosis by cultured ...
The incorporation of labeled amino acid into the lipoprotein fraction by tubercle bacilli is exarained. When tubercle bacilli are incubated with the radioactive amino acid, radioactive lysine is found to be incorporated readily into this fraction. The paperchromatogram of this radioactive lipoprotein shows ...
... 19341-19, IOi l sucked a culture of typhoid bacilli into Infectious cultures or his mouth, suspensions 8 12 Acids and alkalies 17 1 ...
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare disease of unknown origin, that may be sporadic or develop in the course of tuberous sclerosis (TS). Patients do not present immune deficiency, but structural changes in the lung parenchyma (cysts) may encourage various infections, for example tuberculosis. Radiologic findings are often difficult to interpret, because of changes related to LAM itself. We ...
An 83-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with dyspnea on exertion and right pleural effusion. At the age of 69, she had been given a clinical diagnosis of sarcoidosis due to uveitis, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, bilateral multiple nodular shadows on chest images, and serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (SACE) level elevation. Remission was spontaneous. The pleural effusion was ...
We report a case of leprosy. A 31-old-phillippine female present with 5 month history of an erythematous plaqe on her right neck. Examination showed 4 erythematous plaques with her. A histological examination of the skin lesion of hir thigh revealed granulomas around nerve and skin appendages which consist of lymphocytes, epidermoid cells and giant cells. Although no acid ...
In 1980, a 32 years-old Madagascan female developed a pulmonary tuberculosis, bacteriologically confirmed. She cured with right apical cavitary sequellae. In 1989, she presented haemoptysis again. Antituberculous treatment was adopted without bacteriological confirmation and did not improve clinical symptoms. In 1991 and 1992 cultures from sputa and bronchi aspiration yielded ...
A laboratory study was performed to determine how long sputum specimens from smear-positive tuberculosis patients can be stored at room temperature or in the refrigerator and retain a positive acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear or a positive mycobacterial culture. Sputum samples from 30 patients were examined up to 4 weeks and samples from 13 patients examined ...
A 33-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital with a painless ulcer on the tongue. The lesion was 2 x 3 cm in size, necrotic, and whitish in the anterior part of the ventral surface of the tongue. On further investigation, pulmonary tuberculosis was diagnosed. Cultures of the biopsy specimen and the sputum revealed acid fast ...
A 29-year-old Chinese woman presented with a liver mass 2 months after initiation of chemotherapy for disseminated tuberculosis. A percutaneous liver biopsy revealed tuberculous pseudotumour. Although acid-fast bacilli were seen in the biopsy specimen, no organism could be cultured. No changes were made in the antituberculous chemotherapy, and the mass ...
Tuberculous encephalopathy (TBE) is an established disease entity of diffuse cerebral damage occurring with tuberculosis and an underlying immune pathogenesis. However, the presence of this disease entity remains controversial. We report a 15-year-old boy with seizures and a progressive decline of cognitive function. Brain MRI showed diffuse, hyperintense lesions in the white matter on a ...
Isolated tuberculosis osteomyelitis affecting the foot is extremely rare. Symptoms are nonspecific and haematological investigations are often unhelpful making diagnosis difficult. We report the case of a 41-year-old female who presented with a 7-month history of a painful hindfoot following a minor ankle sprain. Inflammatory markers were mildly raised and initial radiographs showed only some mild ...
A 75-year-old man with interstitial pneumonia due to ANCA-related vasculitis requiring immunosuppressive treatment was admitted to our hospital because of fever and rapidly progressive dyspnea. Chest CT showed diffuse ground-glass opacity with infiltration shadow in the bilateral lungs. We established a definitive diagnosis by isolating Mycobacterium massiliense on culture examination of ...
Actinomycosis is a chronic and suppurative infection caused by an endogenous gram-positive bacterium. The usual sites of infection are the head and neck, thorax, and abdomen and are almost always endogenous in origin. Primary actinomycosis is rare and is usually associated with external trauma. The authors report a case of a primary actinomycosis presented as a mass on the foot that mimics ...
Genitourinary tuberculosis (GUTB) is exceptionally uncommon among the local paediatric population. A 10-year-old Chinese girl with no risk factors for tuberculosis presented with recurrent sterile pyuria. Despite extensive renal investigations, no apparent cause could be ascertained for her obstructed left drainage system. The diagnosis was eventually confirmed with urine ...
Despite the high prevalence of tuberculosis in adults and children, congenital and perinatal forms of tuberculosis are rare. Four patients with perinatal tuberculosis are described. Diagnosis was made by demonstration of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) on broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) specimens (two cases), gastric aspirate smear (one case) and lymph node ...
Mycobacterium is a variable group of acid-fast bacillus which contains pathogenic bacteria causing tuberculosis (MTC - Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex) and leprosy (M. leprae) as well as numerous nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) causing diseases mostly in people with immunodeficiency, although some NTM strains are capable of causing illnesses in non-immunocompromised ...
A 33-year-old man with myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative disease underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Around day 80 post-transplant, he complained of abdominal pain and diarrhea. Colonoscopy and esophagogastroduodenoscopy findings were unremarkable. Double-balloon enteroscopy revealed atrophic villi and mild erosions localized in the small intestine. Histological examination revealed ...
In this case report, we describe an unusual case of mycobacterial associated inflammatory pseudotumor that occurred in a patient with a previous history of cocaine abuse. We discuss inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) in general and emphasize the rare entity where an associated mycobacterial infection is seen. The histogenesis is not yet completely understood. The lesion can pose challenges for ...
Miliary tuberculosis (TB) after transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy is an extremely rare complication. A 75-year-old patient who presented with high fever and cough following TRUS-guided prostate biopsy for his high serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level (13.104 ng/ml) was diagnosed with miliary TB after clinical, laboratory, and radiological assessments. ...
A 14-year-old girl on multidrug treatment for borderline tuberculoid leprosy presented with a swelling in her left arm and soon thereafter developed ulnar claw hand. MRI showed a well-defined ovoid lesion arising from the left ulnar nerve, isointense to muscle on T1W images and hyperintense on T2W and STIR images. On post gadolinium T1W sequence the lesion showed peripheral rim enhancement with ...
A 14-year-old girl on multidrug treatment for borderline tuberculoid leprosy presented with a swelling in her left arm and soon thereafter developed an ulnar claw hand. MRI showed a well-defined ovoid lesion arising from the left ulnar nerve, isointense to muscle on T1W images and hyperintense on T2W and STIR images. On post-gadolinium T1W sequence, the lesion showed peripheral rim enhancement ...
Leprosy is a chronic infection affecting mainly the skin and peripheral nerve. Pure neuritic form of this disease manifests by involvement of the nerve in the absence of skin lesions. Therefore, it can sometimes create a diagnostic problem. It often requires a nerve biopsy for diagnosis, which is an invasive procedure and may lead to neural deficit. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of an ...
Of 92 drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from sputum specimens, 86 showed growth in two types of 7H12 broth, one with egg yolk and the other without egg yolk. In addition, two strains grew only in plain 7H12 broth without yolk, and four others were recovered only in the medium supplemented with egg yolk. The radiometrically detected growth was higher in the presence of egg ...
A coagglutination technique was established for the detection of lipoarabinomannan of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human serum samples and evaluated for its utility in the diagnosis of tuberculosis at the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias in Mexico City. The test had a sensitivity of 88% in patients with sputum-smear-positive active pulmonary tuberculosis. The sensitivity in ...
A 61-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus and Sj�gren syndrome presented with a two-month history of symptomatic nodules on the buttocks and thighs that progressed to involve the dorsal aspects of the hands. On examination, infiltrative papules, nodules, and plaques were present in these regions. Biopsy specimens demonstrated granulomatous inflammation and ...
Avian tuberculosis was diagnosed via histopathology, microbiology, and molecular biology in two of six pheasants from a local sanctuary bird house in Taiwan. Swinehoe's pheasant (Lophura swinhoii) is a near-threatened species in Taiwan. The infected birds showed clinical signs such as fatigue, inappetence, diarrhea, and fluffing of feathers. On postmortem, nonmineralized caseogranulomas were ...
The purpose of this study was 2-fold. First, we evaluated standard chemotherapy in the guinea pig model of tuberculosis to determine if this animal species could productively be used for this purpose. Second, given the similarities of the pathology of disease in guinea pigs and humans, we wished to evaluate additional parameters, including magnetic resonance imaging, microscopy, and cytokine ...
ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Severe histoplasmosis is known to be among the AIDS-defining opportunistic infections affecting patients with very low CD4 cell counts in histoplasmosis-endemic areas. Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii is common in West and Central Africa, where it occurs in both HIV/AIDS and non-HIV patients. Few cases of life-threatening histoplasmosis in immune-competent individuals ...
A 56-year-old man underwent thoracic drainage for two weeks for tuberculous pleuritis. He was put on antituberculosis chemotherapy with INH (400 mg), RFP (450 mg), and EB (750 mg). Two months later, he developed an elastic hard subcutaneous mass in the area of the previous thoracic drainage. The mass was 10 cm in diameter, warm, reddish and painful. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed ...
BackgroundBovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, is a debilitating disease of cattle. Ethiopia has one of the largest cattle populations in the world, with an economy highly dependent on its livestock. Furthermore, Ethiopia has one of the highest incidence rates of human extrapulmonary TB in the world, a clinical presentation that is often associated with transmission of M. ...
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major public health problems in the world. Effective control of TB depends on rapid and correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of Cobas Amplicor MTB (CA-MTB) test for pulmonary and extrapulmonary specimens isolated in our laboratory. A total of 424 specimens obtained from the suspected TB patients from ...
Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is endemic in Ethiopian cattle. However, the status of the disease in wildlife populations that often share habitat with livestock is unknown. We screened for BTB in wildlife in five regions in Ethiopia. Blood and tissue samples from 133 mammals of 28 species were collected from 2006 to 2008. We used a rapid serology test (RT) based on lateral flow technology, and ...
OBJECTIVE:: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of the urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) test among ambulatory HIV-infected persons. DESIGN:: Cross-sectional. METHODS:: HIV-infected persons consecutively presenting to the HIV Clinic at Tembisa Main Clinic in Ekhuruleni, South Africa, were screened for symptoms of tuberculosis (TB) and asked to provide sputum and blood samples for smears for ...
Samples of pediatric patients suspected of tuberculosis and cared for at Hospital Pi�ero during the 2004-2008 period were analyzed according to epidemiological and clinical criteria. The bacteriological contribution was evaluated to confirm the disease diagnosis. A descriptive retrospective analysis of the cases was done. A total of 8409 samples were received for mycobacterial culture: 1542 ...
The interest for the research on enviromental mycobacteria has risen over the last decades, in part, due to a significant incidence rate rise. Reports from all over the world address the soil as the major source for human contamination. In Argentina two documents report the prevalence of atypical mycobacteriosis at C�rdoba (1997), and the isolation of enviromental mycobacteria from soils of the ...
To determine the status of biosafety in clinical laboratories in Japan, we conducted a survey using questionnaires on the biosafety of laboratory personnel in 2004. We obtained data from 431 hospitals (response: 59.5%). Respondents were 301 institutions (70%) having biological safety cabinets (BSCs). BSCs were held in 78% of microbiological laboratories, 7.9% of genetic laboratories, 2.7% of ...
To evaluate the utility of Gen-Probe AccuProbes for the identification of mycobacteria directly from BACTEC TB 12B vials containing acid-fast bacilli, culture results for 11,375 clinical specimens other than blood received from 1 January 1992 to 30 September 1993 were reviewed retrospectively. During this period, a total of 359 of 11,375 BACTEC vials were ...
Pleural tuberculosis is an extra-pulmonary disease which poses a diagnostic dilemma. The detection of mycobacterial DNA by IS6110 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in clinical samples is a promising approach for the rapid diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis infections. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the advantage of using IS6110 PCR for rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. ...
This article presents a case of a painless fluctuant mass on the volar aspect of the wrist and forearm of an immunocompetent 45-year-old man with no history of significant underlying disease. This mass proved to be a chronic tenosynovitis associated with Mycobacterium kansasii infection. The patient, who had a history of multiple minor cuts and abrasions plus exposure to an aquatic environment, ...
A retrospective study of the treatment and short- and long-term outcomes of tuberculous peritonitis (TBP) complicating continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) among our dialysis patients over a 6-year period was performed. Ten cases of TBP complicating CAPD were identified among 601 dialysis patients between January 1988 and December 1994. There were four male and six female patients. The ...
BackgroundUntreated latent TB infection (LTBI) is a significant risk factor for active pulmonary tuberculosis, hence predisposing to adverse pregnancy outcomes and mother to child transmission. The prevalence of latent tuberculosis in pregnancy and its association, if any, with various socio-demographic, obstetric and clinical characteristics was evaluated.MethodsNorthern Tanzania was chosen as ...
Johne's disease (paratuberculosis) was diagnosed in a 2-yr-old, male, free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from Fauquier County, Virginia, USA, based on histopathology and culture for Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. Clinical and pathologic findings included emaciation; loss of body fat; chronic diarrhea; severe, chronic, diffuse granulomatous colitis with ...
BACKGROUND:: There are limited data available on interferon-? release assay (IGRA) performance in children up to 5 years of age, with documented exposure to active tuberculosis (TB). The aim of this study was to evaluate (1) the influence of infectivity of adult source cases on test results, (2) the impact of age, and (3) the level of agreement, between IGRA and tuberculin skin test (TST) results. ...
In order to try to improve the results of direct smear microscopy, we used the mucus-digesting quality of chitin in tuberculosis (TB) laboratories. For this purpose, a total of 430 sputum specimens were processed by the N-acetyl-L-cysteine concentration, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) liquefaction, chitin sedimentation, and direct microscopy methods. Then, the smear sensitivity for ...
In order to try to improve the results of direct smear microscopy, we used the mucus-digesting quality of chitin in tuberculosis (TB) laboratories. For this purpose, a total of 430 sputum specimens were processed by the N-acetyl-l-cysteine concentration, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) liquefaction, chitin sedimentation, and direct microscopy methods. Then, the smear sensitivity for ...
A 62-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis presented with fever (T-103.9�F). Vital signs and physical examination were normal. She was taking adalimumab, methotrexate, and prednisone for the past 9 months. Blood and urine cultures, human immunodeficiency virus, rapid plasma reagin, purified protein derivative, and cerebrospinal fluid test findings were negative. Computed tomography showed ...
AIMS--To investigate the value of bone marrow biopsy in the diagnosis of mycobacterial infection. METHODS--The culture results of 433 bone marrow samples taken between 1983 and 1992 were reviewed. The histopathology reports on bone marrow trephine specimens of culture positive samples and all those on HIV positive patients sent in 1992 were also reviewed. RESULTS--Fifty one specimens yielded ...
The clinicopathologic features of 4 AIDS patients with cutaneous colesional Kaposi sarcoma (KS) and cryptococcosis, a rare phenomenon, are described. Biopsies from 3 patients who were highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-naive demonstrated predominant KS with a conspicuous spindle cell component and small aggregates of cryptococcal yeasts in 2 biopsies and predominant gelatinous ...
Tuberculosis pathology was studied on 19 African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) from a herd in the Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park in South Africa. The animals tested positive with the comparative intradermal tuberculin test and were euthanized during a test-and-cull operation to decrease prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in the park. The lymph nodes and lungs were examined grossly for presence of ...
The gene encoding an alkaline serine protease from alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. 221 was cloned in Escherichia coli and expressed in Bacillus subtilis. An open reading frame of 1,140 bases, identified as the protease gene was preceded by a putative Shine-Dalgarno sequence (AGGAGG) with a spacing of 7 bases. The deduced amino acid sequence had a pre-pro-peptide of 111 residues ...
Tissue samples were collected at random from cattle (Bos taurus) and buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) from an abattoir of the district of Lahore and were analyzed for the presence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis through acid-fast staining and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Body condition of animals and diarrhea were recorded. Most of the ...
Bacillus species are a spoilage and safety challenge to the food industry due to their extremely resistant endospores. To interfere with (out)growth of spores and vegetative cells, weak organic acids are suitable preservatives. To ensure their continued use while optimally preserving product quality, knowledge of resistance development is important. In ...
An 82-year-old woman with a past history of a colectomy for colon cancer was admitted to our hospital because of fever and cough. Her chest radiologic images on admission showed bilateral pulmonary infiltration, which suggested community-acquired pneumonia. However, the results of gram and acid-fast staining demonstrated branching acid-bacilli, which ...
We describe the case of a 3-year-old boy who presented with several asymptomatic facial nodules present for six months. A skin biopsy obtained from the nodules showed a moderately well-defined granuloma in the superficial and deep dermis. A squamous epithelial lined cyst, extravasated keratin, or shadow cells were not identified. Bartonella henselae titers and the Coccidioidomycosis immitis ...
Current methods to isolate and identify anaerobic bacteria are laborious and time consuming. It was postulated that the short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) produced by these organisms might serve as microbial markers in clinical material. 98 specimens of pus or serous fluid were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography, and findings were compared with culture results. Good ...
We evaluated the ability of a novel DNA strip assay (Speed-oligo� Mycobacteria) to differentiate mycobacterial species. It is based on polymerase chain reaction targeting 16S rRNA and 16S-23S rRNA regions and double-reverse hybridization on a dipstick using probes bound to colloidal gold and to the membrane. We blindly tested its capacity to identify 182 acid-fast ...
A 56-year-old man, having no particular past history, was admitted to our hospital, with a 9-month history of painful ulcerated lesion of the tongue and a 6-month history of productive cough. A physical examination revealed swelling of his cervical lymph nodes, and a chest roentgenogram on admission showed cavities in the both upper lung fields and nodular shadows over the both lung fields. He was ...
Coccidioidomycosis results from inhaling the spores (arthroconidia) of Coccidioides species (Coccidioides immitis or Coccidioides posadasii). Tuberculosis is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, classified as acid-fast bacilli. It is most commonly transmitted from a patient with infectious pulmonary tuberculosis to other persons by droplet ...
Canaliculitis is a rare disease of the lacrimal pathway, especially of the canaliculi. It is often not identified, therefore misdiagnosed and inadequately treated. It accounts 2 % of all lacrimal diseases. False diagnoses are usually conjunctivitis, blepharitis, dacryocystitis, hordeolum and chalazion. Besides viruses and fungi a variety of bacteria can cause a canaliculitis. Actinomyces is the ...
Unexplained cough for more than 2 - 3 weeks or patients considered to be at high risk for tuberculosis (TB) should be investigated in a timely manner: Chest radiography and 3 sputum examinations for detection acid-fast bacilli and TB cultures are essential first diagnostic steps. Pending sputum results an antibiotic trial (avoiding fluorochinolones) is ...
A 24-year-old man was admitted with a 7-month history of non-productive cough, and recent onset of fever and progressive dyspnea. A chest X-ray film and computed tomography (CT) scan showed bilateral infiltrates that indicated pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). A transbronchial lung biopsy specimen demonstrated Pneumocystis jirovecii infection on Grocott staining, and was positive for ...
An 85-year-old woman, who had been given a diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome with refractory anemia 2 years previously and required blood transfusion once a month, was admitted with complaints of fever, general fatigue, and dry cough. A chest X-ray film showed multiple small nodules in bilateral lung fields which were not observed 1 month previously. Although smear and culture tests for ...
A 37-years old patient of south Indian origin presented with pain in his right scapular region radiating to the right arm, numbness and muscular weakness of the fourth and fifth finger. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a mass at the right pleural dome with arrosion of the first rib (Pancoast presentation), an osteolytic process in the fourth rib and in the right hip. All three lesions had a high ...
A case of 22-year-old female with mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis and pericostal tuberculosis was reported. Her complaint was right chest pain and subcutaneous mass on the right chest wall. Chest contrast CT showed right paratracheal lymph node swelling with central low density area and surrounding rim enhancement, which has been reported as typical characteristics of mediastinal tuberculous ...
The presence of acid-fast bacilli in the lesion and its positive culture usually provide the diagnosis in cutaneous mycobacteriosis. But in diagnosis of leprosy, characteristic clinico-histopathological findings are so important as the demonstration of the organism, because of the failure to grow Mycobacterium leprae in vitro. It is classified in various ...
A 49-year-old male who had been treated for pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous pleurisy in 2007 was referred to our hospital with the complaint of dyspnea on exertion in Nov. 2009. Chest X-ray showed increased pleural effusion compared with that remaining after the previous treatment of pleurisy in 2008. A chest CT revealed that fluid collection was surrounded by thickened pleura. ...
Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is the most important form of the disease, although infection may also occur by way of the intestinal tract, tonsils and skin. Oral lesions consist of persistent ulcers or granulomatous masses. A 50 year old man had been diagnosed "necrotising granulomatous inflammation" following a biopsy of a lesion on lower lip, 21 months before at a medical centre. A chest-X-ray had ...
The presence of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in laboratories has traditionally been demonstrated using the fluorochrome method, which requires a fluorescent microscope or the Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) method employing light microscopy. Low sensitivity of the ZN method and high costs of fluoroscopy make the need for a more effective means of diagnosis a top priority, ...
The aim of this study was to develop a PCR and reverse line blot hybridization (PCR-RLB) macroarray assay based on 16S-23S rRNA gene internal transcribed spacer sequences for the identification and differentiation of 34 mycobacterial species or subspecies. The performance of the PCR-RLB assay was assessed and validated by using 78 reference strains belonging to 55 Mycobacterium species, 219 ...
We report a case of under treated necrotizing fasciitis (NF) in a 65-year-old woman with diabetes misdiagnosed as Mycobacterium ulcerans infection. She came to the Institut M�dical Evang�lique (IME) with an extensive painful edematous ulcerated lesion on the dorsum of the right foot and ankle. The diagnosis of Buruli ulcer (BU) was based initially on clinical findings and place of residence ...
A case of tuberculous peritonitis complicating continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in a 37-year-old man who presented with fever, abdominal pain, and a malfunctioning Tenckhoff catheter is reported. The patient was initially treated for presumed bacterial peritonitis but remained febrile and had persistent abdominal pain and peritoneal fluid pleocytosis, despite broad-spectrum ...
Tuberculosis of the foot and ankle is an uncommon presentation of skeletal tuberculosis. The uncommon site, lack of awareness, and ability to mimic other disorders clinically and on radiographs, leads to diagnostic and therapeutic delays. In the early stages and when the disease is limited to bone, medical treatment leads to excellent healing and limited residual disabilities. Joint involvement ...
This case report describes tuberculosis (TB) due to infection with Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) in alpaca (Lama pacos) on a farm in Ireland. Two severely debilitated alpaca were presented to the University Veterinary Hospital, University College Dublin in November 2004. Bloods were taken, and haematology and biochemistry results were indicative of chronic infection. Radiological examination ...
We assessed the prevalence of AIDS among children diagnosed with active tuberculosis (TB) in Esp�rito Santo State, Brazil, by linking TB and AIDS surveillance databases using Reclink software and SPSS. Among 411 pediatric TB cases from 2000 to 2006, 27 (7%) were co-infected with AIDS. Most children were unable to provide a sputum specimen; co-infected patients were more likely to be smear ...
Forty-one consecutive cases of liver abscesses seen at the National University Hospital, Singapore from 1988 to 1994 were reviewed. Twenty-seven cases (65%) were pyogenic, six (15%) amoebic, two (5%) tuberculous and six (15%) indeterminate. The predominance of pyogenic abscesses is in marked contrast to previous studies from the region a decade ago in which amoebic abscesses were the commonest ...
Female BALB/cAnNCrl (n = 170; age, 6 to 9 wk) mice were infected by intravenous inoculation of 5 � 106 cfu Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain Erdman (ATCC 35801). Between day 52 and 5 mo after infection, 10 of the 170 mice infected according to this protocol developed torticollis, including mice in treatment groups that received combination antibiotic therapy of ...
Mycobacterium bovis and closely associated acid-fast bacilli cause disease in humans. Epidemiologic investigations reveal that the organism may be ingested or inhaled. Extra pulmonary lesions may occur associated to the consumption of infected milk, even though with the practice of boiling milk, and the growth of milk pasteurization plants all over the ...
Poor laboratory equipment and few human resources have made it difficult to implement microscopic diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) on a large scale basis worldwide. Three hundred sputum samples from patients in Cameroon were studied by using the CyScope�, a new light-emitting, diode-based, fluorescence microscope, to compare auramine-rhodamine fluorescence with the conventional ...
Mycobacterium celatum is a nontuberculous mycobacterium that rarely causes pulmonary disease in immunocompetent subjects. We describe the successful treatment of M. celatum lung disease with antimicobacterial chemotherapy and combined pulmonary resection. A 33-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with a 3-month history of a productive cough. Her medical history included pulmonary ...
A total of 100 currency notes of various denominations in circulation were randomly studied for bacterial, fungal and protozoal contamination. All except four notes yielded one or more bacteria. Bacterial culture yielded single isolate in 33 notes, two in 44 notes, three in 12 notes and four in 7 notes. The predominant bacterial isolate was Bacillus sps followed by Coagulase negative Staphylococci ...
A 46-year-old man with no past history of underlying disease was admitted to our hospital for examination of abnormal chest shadow on chest radiograph. He had no respiratory symptoms on admission. Chest radiograph showed a solitary nodule (35 � 20 mm) in the left upper lung field. On chest CT, this nodule in the left upper lobe (S(1+2)) did not demonstrate calcification, the margin was clear but ...
An adult, captive eastern spiny softshell turtle (Apalone spinifera spinifera) was examined for a 4-day history of lethargy and plastron discoloration. The turtle was obtunded and had pale mucous membranes, hemorrhagic nasal discharge, and petechiae on all limbs. The turtle was euthanized due to its grave condition. Necropsy revealed hemorrhagic coelomic effusion, petechiae on the serosal surfaces ...
Tumor necrosis factor ? antagonists are proven to be effective for the treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions, such as psoriasis. A major concern for patients is the risk of acquiring granulomatous infectious diseases caused by the immunosuppressive effects of the drugs. We report a 60-year-old man with psoriasis who underwent infliximab treatment for 2 years and developed secondary leprosy, ...
We describe a 37-year-old Mexican man with incapacitating polyarticular arthritis secondary to Mycobacterium bovis infection. A dermatologist diagnosed psoriasis two years before admission. One year later due to symmetric ankle and knee arthritis, he was treated with three doses of etanercept. The arthritis extended to the carpus and metacarpophalangeal joints. Multifocal dactylitis and a left ...
Although advances in surgical technique, drug-induced immunosuppression, and supportive medical therapy have led to improved survival and quality of live after solid organ transplantations, infections still represent a major threat for transplant recipients.Infections with non tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are infrequent, but can be associated with relevant morbidity and mortality. With the ...
A 4-year-old male Boxer dog with a history of vomiting, diarrhea, and weight loss moved from West Africa to Lyon, France, where it was further evaluated. Radiographs revealed pleural effusion and enlargement of tracheobronchial lymph nodes and liver. Cytologic examination of the pleural effusion and a fine needle aspirate specimen of the liver showed mixed mononuclear inflammation with nonstaining ...
Burbot Lota lota sampled from lakes Mjosa and Losna in southeastern Norway between 2005 and 2008 were found to be infected with Mycobacterium salmoniphilum at a culture-positive prevalence of 18.6 and 3.3%, respectively. The condition factor (CF) of mycobacteria-affected fish sampled from Mj�sa in 2008 was lower than the average CF of total sampled fish the same year. Externally visible ...
We report an unusual association of pulmonary tuberculosis with moyamoya syndrome in a 30-year-old Filipino female who was admitted to our hospital with a 1-week history of fever and cough. Chest X-ray showed widespread bilateral consolidation with cavity, whereas sputum was positive for acid fast bacilli (AFB). Two weeks after ...
Johne's disease is chronic granulomatous infectious enteritis of animals caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. A total of 153 animals from 19 dairy farms, 2 gaushalas (unproductive-animal rehabilitation centers), 2 goat and 2 sheep farms from different districts of the Punjab region were selected on the basis of clinical signs of disease. All samples from cattle (n=86), ...
The case records were studied of all 48 patients with miliary tuberculosis registered by the British Columbia Division of Tuberculosis Control between 1967 and 1971. Two groups of patients were found, one group of 30 in whom the diagnosis was made during life and antituberculous therapy instituted, and a second group of 18 patients in whom the diagnosis was made only at autopsy and who had ...
A 33-year-old man was admitted in hospital due to fever, generalized lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly. He had a history of anti-tuberculosis treatment in the previous 3�years. Despite normal chest radiograph, a sputum sample was smear-positive for acid-fast bacilli, and polymerase chain reaction was positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. ...
An adult female red-faced black spider monkey (Ateles paniscus), housed for 2 years in the Parque Estoril Zoo in S�o Paulo, Brazil, showed apathy. Clinical examination revealed discrete emaciation, swelling and induration of lymph nodes, and presence of a mass in the abdominal cavity. Therapies with enrofloxacin, azithromycin, and ceftiofur were ineffective. The animal died after 6 months. ...
A 1-year-old, entire male Tasmanian devil living in captivity was presented because of a nodular inguinal lesion that subsequently developed a draining sinus tract. A second, similar lesion developed later in the ipsilateral axillary region. A deep representative biopsy specimen of abnormal subcutaneous tissue showed chronic active pyogranulomatous inflammation and beaded Gram-positive and ...
A 25-yr-old male freshwater crocodile (Crocodylus johnstoni) was diagnosed with pulmonary mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium szulgai. Necropsy revealed fibrinous exudate in the right pleural cavity and white miliary nodules in the right lung lobe. Histopathologic examination revealed well-demarcated granulomas consisting of multinucleated giant cells and epithelioid cells surrounded by ...
An apparently immunocompetent 78 year old woman presented with confusion, subcutaneous abscesses, and lesions of the nasopharynx. Gram positive, acid fast bacilli were isolated from her blood after 10 days' incubation. She was treated with trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole for presumed disseminated nocardiasis but deteriorated and died. A ...
The purpose of this series of pilot studies was to determine whether the passerine species studied are susceptible to infection with Mycobacterium bovis. Separate experiments were conducted on wild-caught starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) and American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos). In each experiment, four birds were challenged intraperitoneally and four were challenged orally with microorganisms. ...
The BACTEC MGIT 960 system is increasingly used to culture Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We evaluated the performance of the new immunochromatographic assay BD MGIT TBc Identification Test (TBc ID) for the rapid identification of M. tuberculosis complex in clinical samples when performed directly from BACTEC MGIT 960 culture positive for acid-fast bacilli ...
Thirty-eight cases of canine leproid granuloma were diagnosed between 2000 and 2008. Diagnosis was based upon clinical and histopathological findings and the presence of acid-fast bacilli in skin sections. The clinical lesions were localized predominantly on the pinnae and included papules, plaques and nodules, with or without ulceration. Boxer dogs were ...
A 14-year-old female bottlenose dolphin was diagnosed with mycobacterial panniculitis based on punch biopsy specimens. The necropsy revealed numerous pyogranulomas in the blubber, as well as marked acute multifocal necrosuppurative pneumonia and lymphadenitis. In addition, the animal had marked scoliosis, which had first been noted clinically in the dolphin at about 1 mo of age. The animal had ...
Mycobacterium marinum can cause fish tank granuloma (or swimming pool or aquarium granuloma) in immunocompetent patients. Dissemination of Mycobacterium marinum-infection is a rare condition which occurs mainly in immunocompromised patients and can be life-threatening. We report the case of an 87-year-old woman who was treated with oral corticosteroids for polymyalgia rheumatica for many years and ...
Mycobacteruim kansasii occasionally causes disseminated infection with poor outcome in immunocompromised patients. We report the first case of disseminated M. kansasii infection associated with multiple skin lesions in a 48-yr-old male with myelodysplastic syndrome. The patient continuously had taken glucocorticoid during 21 months and had multiple skin lesions developed before 9 months without ...
Direct-drug-susceptibility tests were performed on clinical specimens positive for acid-fast bacilli by either Ziehl-Neelsen or fluorochrome staining. The results of conventional agar dilution and a modified radiometric (BACTEC) method were compared. A total of 580 smear-positive specimens were tested by the BACTEC method at three separate sites. Three ...
We report a fatal case of native valve endocarditis due to Mycobacterium abscessus in a hemodialysis patient. The diagnosis was based on culture isolation of acid-fast bacilli from peripheral blood and a permanent catheter tip, and their identification as M abscessus by a reverse hybridization-based assay and direct DNA sequencing of the 16S-23S internal ...
Mycobacterium celatum is a slow growing non-tuberculous mycobacterium described mainly as occurring in human patients. Only two cases of infection with this pathogen have been reported previously in animals. A 5-year-old, neutered male ferret was presented with progressive weight loss and muscle atrophy. Pale mucous membranes, slight alopecia of the tail and splenomegaly, confirmed by abdominal ...
Abstract Cutaneous tuberculosis is showing a resurgence. It continues to be one of the most elusive and difficult diseases to diagnose in dermatological practice. We sought to describe the clinical manifestations, laboratory features, and antituberculous therapy in cases of cutaneous tuberculosis. Twenty cases of cutaneous tuberculosis were observed in this study. Of the 20 cases, seven were in ...
A 55-year-old man with scleroderma treated with prednisone and etanercept presented with enlarging sporotrichoid nodules on the forearm. Microscopically, there were large circumscribed dermal and subcutaneous nodules of spindled and epithelioid cells, resembling a spindle cell neoplasm. Small foci of neutrophils were also present, and a subsequent Ziehl-Neelsen stain highlighted beaded ...
Peripheral tuberculous lymphadenitis accounts for ?10% of tuberculosis cases in the United States. Epidemiologic characteristics include a 1.4:1 female-to-male ratio, a peak age range of 30-40 years, and dominant foreign birth, especially East Asian. Patients present with a 1-2 month history of painless swelling of a single group of cervical lymph nodes. Definitive diagnosis is by culture or ...
Genitourinary tuberculosis (TB) is the most frequent manifestation of extrapulmonary TB, where the epididymides, seminal vesicles and prostate are the commonly infected sites, followed by the testes. We report a 29-year-old man who presented with primary infertility since 2 years. He had a history of bilateral painful scrotal swelling with fever since 4 years, diagnosed as pyogenic scrotal ...
BackgroundDyspnea caused by pulmonary disease is a common symptom encountered by Internists. The most likely diagnosis of pulmonary nodules in a long-term smoker is lung cancer.Patient/ParticipantWe report a case of an elderly male with a 70-pack-year smoking history, presenting with exertional dyspnea for 6�months.InterventionsDetailed review of history was negative. Examination was normal ...
Tuberculosis ranges among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A diagnostic approach to a patient with possible tuberculosis includes a detailed medical history and clinical examination as well as radiological, microbiological, immunological, molecular-biological and histological investigations, where available. Recently, important advances have been achieved in these fields ...
The results are reported of a service in Hong Kong of intensive antituberculosis chemotherapy with 5 drugs given daily for 4 months, or until discharge from hospital or release from prison if earlier, in the treatment of male Chinese drug addicts and prisoners who had pulmonary tuberculosis positive for acid-fast bacilli on microscopic examination of the ...
Tuberculosis cutis orificialis (TCO) is a rare manifestation of cutaneous tuberculosis that is caused by auto-inoculation of mycobacteria in patients with advanced internal tuberculosis. TCO occurs in oral, perianal, or genital mucosa and adjacent skin. The tongue is the most frequently affected site, but the perianal area can also be affected. A 39-year-old male presented with a 4-month history ...
BackgroundThe clinical, radiological and microbiological features of culture-confirmed childhood tuberculosis diagnosed at two referral hospitals are described.MethodsCultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from children less than 13 years of age at Tygerberg and Red Cross Children's Hospitals, Cape Town, South Africa, were collected from March 2003 through February 2005. Folder review and chest ...
The laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) on extrapulmonary specimens is particularly challenging. A number of commercial nucleic acid amplification tests able to detect and identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) complex directly from respiratory secretions have been developed, but their use on extrapulmonary samples still calls for validation. The BDProbeTec ET ...
A Bacillus-strain was isolated from spoiled apple juice. This strain was acidophilic with a growth range between pH 2.5 and 5.5. Lipid analysis demonstrated the occurrence of omega-cyclohexane fatty acids and hopanoids. As these cell constituents have among bacilli been found only in Bacillus acidocaldarius strains, our isolated microorganism seems to be ...
In a considerable proportion of cases of pulmonary tuberculosis there is no spontaneous expectoration, especially in female patients and patients under collapse treatment. A simple and efficient method is described to obtain suitable material for bacteriological examination in these cases. A laryngeal swab, made up from a piece of wire with cotton-wool wrapped round its end, is passed down the ...
An increase in the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) in recent years has accelerated the search for novel tools for the rapid diagnosis of TB infection. This study evaluated the GenoType Mycobacteria Direct (GTMD) assay (Hain Lifescience) for direct detection of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) from sputum samples and compared it with conventional methods. The GTMD test is a commercial ...
Tuberculosis and sarcoidosis are two different diseases with different etiology, clinical features and treatment. Both are granulomatous disease, but tuberculosis has a caseating necrosis granuloma as opposed to sarcoidosis witch present noncaseating epithelioid cell granuloma. If chest radiography shows hilar lymphadenopathy and hystopatological features reveal no caseating necrosis granuloma the ...
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) found frequently in tap water and environment cause important opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify non-tuberculous mycobacteria in soil, raw milk and water distribution system samples in Mersin (a province located at Mediterranean region of Turkey). A total of 101 water, 124 soil and 40 milk ...
An adult, female, pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) of Indonesian origin presented with profound weight loss, anemia (PCV, 29%; normal, 36% to 45%), hypoalbuminemia (1.0 g/dL; normal, 3.5 to 5.2 g/dL), elevated alkaline phosphatase (1990 U/L; normal, 26 to 98 U/L), and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (75 mm/h; normal, less than 20 mm/h). Abdominal ultrasonography demonstrated an ...
IntroductionBronchogenic cysts are lesions of congenital origin derived from the primitive foregut and are the most common primary cysts of the mediastinum. They are most frequently unilocular and contain clear fluid. Respiratory distress is the most common presentation in pediatric patients, manifested by recurring episodes of cough, stridor, wheezing and retractions.Case presentationWe report ...
A case of tuberculosis is reported in an eight-year-old, male, elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni). The elk showed severe coughing, respiratory distress, abdominal breathing, anorexia, and severe progressive emaciation in the elk farm. At necropsy, the elk appeared in poor body condition. Mild enlargement of retropharyngeal and submandibular lymph node was observed in the head. Diffuse fibrinous ...
BackgroundTuberculosis is the leading cause of death in South Africa by death notification, but accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis is challenging in this setting of high HIV prevalence. We conducted limited autopsies on young adults dying in a single public hospital in the province of KwaZulu-Natal between October 2008 and August 2009 in order to estimate the magnitude of deaths attributable to ...
Results of experiments on a gamma -irradiated vaccine (GIV) are reported. Cells irradiated with 500,000 or 1,000,000 r were injected subcutaneously in mice. The tests for reproductive viability by culture and guinea pig inoculations indicated that 500,000 r was sufficient to inactivate the tubercle bacilli. No visible growth was observed in culture media inoculated ...
Alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. no. AH-101 produces an extremely thermostable alkaline serine protease that has a high optimum pH (pH 12-13) and shows keratinolytic activity. The gene encoding this protease was cloned in Escherichia coli and expressed in B. subtilis. The cloned protease was identical to the AH-101 protease in its optimum pH and thermostability at high alkaline pH. An open reading frame ...
The synthesis of three stereo-isomeric gamma-polyglutamic acids were phased as follows. At first the dimethylester of the corresponding steric series was synthesized. Then the bifunctional start dipeptides, by means of a previous activation of their carbo...
In studying the relationship between plague hemolysin with the bacterial cell it became necessary to subject washed plague bacilli to drying for their subsequent fractionization. It was found in preliminary experiments that dried plague bacilli are capabl...
If rabbits are injected with virulent anthrax bacilli intravenously, these bacilli are absorbed by the cells of the reticulo-endothelial system. In the normal animal the bacilli multiply in these cells and penetrate from them, secondarily, into the blood....
The purpose of this study was to compare the usefulness of the nucleic acid amplification (NAA) test against conventional tests under normal laboratory operational conditions. The NAA test was performed on the first sputum specimen of all patients. Liquid media culture, solid media culture, and Ziehl-Neelsen stain for an acid-fast ...
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Pleural tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis often requires invasive procedures such as pleural biopsy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the IS6110 sequence of M. tuberculosis in pleural fluid specimens as a rapid and non-invasive test for pleural TB diagnosis. FINDINGS: For this cross-sectional study, 150 consecutive ...
