It is not possible to achieve high bed occupancy in an acute children's ward without serious detriment to the local community. Analysis of a year's admissions shows that `short stays' and high turnover rates must produce low occupancy, and that this represents efficient management.
PubMed Central
High level liquid waste solidification is achieved on a continuous basis by atomizing the liquid waste and introducing the atomized liquid waste into a reaction chamber including a fluidized, heated inert bed to effect calcination of the atomized waste and removal of the calcined waste by overflow removal and by attrition and ...
Energy Citations Database
in the waste bed are auto matically compensated using butterfly valves, so that the amount of air demand can
E-print Network
Potential advantages of ultra-high exhaust temperature (3000 K - 4000 K) direct propulsion nuclear rockets are explored. Modifications to the Particle Bed Reactor (PBR) to achieve these temperatures are described. Benefits of ultra-high temperature propul...
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
... OF MECHANICALLY SCANNED SYSTEMS THE TEST BED INCLUDES A ... PROCESSORS TO ACHIEVE THE NEAR REAL TIME FORMATION OF ...
DTIC Science & Technology
Retrofitting a fluidized bed combustion (FBC) system may allow Clayton Foods Inc. to reduce its annual fuel bill by $1.5 million when the system comes on line in 1986. The system will burn low-grade, high-sulfur coal instead of natural gas, and should pay back the $4.1 million investment in under five years. The dual bed design ...
Stone and Webster's solids circulation boiler is described and its advantages are examined. The boiler rapidly achieves turndown while maintaining a constant superheat temperature and high thermal efficiency. It is fuel-flexible and offers high sulphur capture and carbon efficiency.
The report describes tests conducted in an atmospheric-pressure-fluidized-bed combustor (FBC) with a cross-section of 1 x 1.6 m) to demonstrate high levels of S02 removal when burning a high-sulfur coal and feeding limestone sorbent for S02 removal. The goal was to achieve 90-plu...
EPA Science Inventory
Efficiency tests of removal of radioactive iodine from an air stream were performed on the following halogen collectors: a silver-plated copper-ribbon bed: activatedcharcoal beds, 0.5 and l.0 in. deep: a molecular-sieve bed; and a sodium thiosulfate bed. The tests were conducted at 70 and 160 deg F and at ...
DOE Information Bridge
The development of appropriate reactors is crucial for the production of biodiesel. In this study, a packed-bed reactor system using lipase-Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticle biocomposite catalyst was successfully developed for biodiesel production based on soybean oil methanolysis. Emulsification before methanolysis improved the reaction rate. The lipase-nanoparticle biocomposite showed ...
PubMed
A laboratory bioreactor consists of a fluidized bed of monosized activated carbon coated with a biofilm of the homolactic fermentative organism Streptococcus thermophilus. Biofilm growth moves the carbon through the bed, and adsorption of substrate and product at the bottom and top of the bed respectively reduces their inhibitory ...
Biomass gasification in an Internally Circulating Fluidized-bed Gasifier (ICFG) using Ni/Ah03 as tar cracking catalyst is studied at low temperature. Reaction conditions of the catalyst bed are discussed, including catalytic temperature and steam ratio. High energy efficiency and hydrogen-rich, low-tar product gas can be ...
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
A sequence of unit processes consisting of berl-saddle-packed-bed anaerobic reactor and an expanded-bed, granular activated carbon fluidized-bed anaerobic reactor was used for the treatment of a synthetically prepared coal conversion waste water. The waste water, with high concentrations of inhibitory compounds, ...
High current ion source is the key part of the neutral beam injector. In order to develop the project of 4 MW neutral beam injection for the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST) on schedule, the megawatt high current ion source is prestudied in the Institute of Plasma Physics in China. In this paper, the megawatt high ...
Ultra-high burning rates can be achieved by combustion of porous media. A theoretical model is developed to describe the flame propagation in a packed bed of granular propellant. The calculated pressure-time-distance transients, wave propagation speed, an...
High level liquid waste solidification is achieved on a continuous basis by atomizing the liquid waste and introducing the atomized liquid waste into a reaction chamber including a fluidized, heated inert bed to effect calcination of the atomized waste an...
BackgroundThe objectives of this study were to determine the capacity of BED incidence testing to a) estimate the effect of a HIV prevention intervention and b) provide adequate statistical power, when used among young people from sub-Saharan African settings with high HIV incidence rates.MethodsFirstly, after having elaborated plausible scenarios based on ...
This paper shows the possibility of using fluidized bed principle simply and economically when a proper design is made. With the aid of computer aided design methods, and using phenomena of local fluidization, an optimum packed bed and a fluidized bed combination was achieved in a single bed. ...
A 9.5 l/min (2.5 gpm) two-stage fixed bed ion exchange process (primary cation - primary anion - secondary cation - secondary anion) was operated on a feed of carbon treated secondary effluent for 48 months at Pomona, California. To achieve high levels of...
A 9.5 l/min (2.5 gpm) two-stage fixed bed ion exchange process (primary cation - primary anion - secondary cation - secondary anion) was operated on a feed of carbon treated secondary effluent for 48 months at Pomona, California. To achieve high levels of regeneration efficiency ...
A conversion ratio of near 1.0 can be achieved in a pebble-bed reactor using the OTTO (once through then out) loading scheme, having an economic burn-up of the fuel, an economic power density and a moderation ratio, which is considered realistically for t...
Purpose: Different biologically equivalent dose (BED) values associated with stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) of patients with primary and metastatic pulmonary nodules were studied. The BED values were calculated for tumoral tissue and low {alpha}/{beta} ratio, assuming that better local response could be obtained by using stereotactic ...
The objective of this project was to develop an economical conversion technique to convert a conventional integral quench heat treating furnace to a fluidized bed integral quench furnace to achieve improved energy efficiency in heat treating operations. A used conventional integral quench furnace was converted to a fluidized bed ...
The experiments have shown that a high level of electrical charging can be achieved in a fluidized bed of two resistive particle types; that bed stabilization rather than increased sensible heat transport dominates low frequency electric field effects on heat transfer with most bed loadings; ...
A chemical looping combustion process for coal using interconnected fluidized beds with inherent separation of CO{sub 2} is proposed in this paper. The configuration comprises a high velocity fluidized bed as an air reactor, a cyclone, and a spout-fluid bed as a fuel reactor. The high velocity ...
Efficient electricity and hydrogen production distinguish the Very High Temperature Reactor as the leading Generation IV advanced concept. This graphite-moderated, helium-cooled reactor achieves a requisite high outlet temperature while retaining the passive safety and proliferation resistance required of Generation IV designs. ...
A 900 kg/day, CO/H/sub 2/, high-pressure, fluidized bed, pilot reactor was designed from first principles to achieve high reactant conversions and heat removal rates for the Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis of liquefied petroleum gases (LPG's). Suppressed bubble growth at high pressure ...
A highly efficient dry coating process was developed to obtain an enteric film avoiding completely the use of organic solvents and water. Using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) an enteric coat should be obtained without adding talc as anti-tacking agent because of problems arising from microbiological contamination. Further on, a method was developed ...
Results of Phase I Fast Fluid Bed coal gasification development program completed under the sponsorship of the United States Department of Energy are briefly reviewed. A fast fluid bed gasifier is a vertical, moderately dense phase flow reactor in which gas and solid phases are maintained in a highly turbulent fluidized state. Some of ...
Fluidized bed is one of the many reactor types employed in the industry for carrying out gas/solid reactions. In nuclear engineering it can provide a high rate of heat transfer. A study of the influence of gravity has been performed for a two-dimensional rectangular fluidized bed having a high-speed central jet ...
An optimum econonic design for a high temperature, helium cooled, central station reactor power plant of about 400 Mw of electric power was determined. The core consists of a randomly packed bed of unclad graphite spheres, approximately one in. in diameter, impregnated with U/sup 233/ and thorium such that a conversion ratio of near unity is ...
... Accession Number : AD0689049. Title : DRYING OF POTATOES IN A FLUIDIZED BED AT HIGH FREQUENCY OSCILLATIONS,. ...
... reaches an equilibrium. Complete fluidization of the powder is essential to achieving consistent production results. There are ...
Calculations were made to predict the performance of a pebble bed reactor operated in a mode to produce fissile fuel (high conversion or breeding). Both a one pebble design and a design involving large primary feed pebbles and small fertile pebbles were considered. A relatively short residence time of the primary pebbles loaded with /sup 233/U fuel was ...
The following conclusions resulted from testing the pressurized, fluidized-bed combustor which was designed and constructed: the initial secondary gas clean-up system proved inadequate; elutriation of bed particulate exceeded expectation and specification requirements could not be met; overall heat transfer per tube for the original design 38 OD fin tubes ...
Experimental results are analyzed for packed and fluidized beds used as absorbers for solar thermal energy in conjunction with a heat engine. The packed bed was composed of porous material in the form of equally sized spheres, and a Runge-Kutta condition was used to solve a system of five first order differential equations and obtain the flux and ...
First Generation coal gasification continues to grow with the expansion of Lurgi process to make gasoline in South Africa and SNG in the United States. This moving-bed gasifier is no doubt the leading commercial application of coal gasification. This can probably be attributed to its operation at the elevated pressure that simultaneously increases coal throughput and broadens ...
Commercially available biofiltration systems have used natural bioactive materials in packed beds due to low media cost and easy availability. Detailed understanding and modeling of biofiltration systems are lacking in existing literature. Experimental studies on the isopentane treatment in air using peat- and compost-packed beds were conducted with inlet ...
Conversion and coating of particle nuclear fuel is performed in spouted (fluidized) bed reactors. The reactor must be capable of operating at temperatures up to 2000°C in inert, flammable, and coating gas environments. The spouted bed reactor geometry is defined by a graphite retort with a 2.5 inch inside diameter, conical section with a 60° included ...
Conversion and coating of particle nuclear fuel is performed in spouted (fluidized) bed reactors. The reactor must be capable of operating at temperatures up to 2000�C in inert, flammable, and coating gas environments. The spouted bed reactor geometry is defined by a graphite retort with a 2.5 inch inside diameter, conical section with a 60� included ...
This Phase II SBIR program was conducted to demonstrate the ability of a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) of flyash to cause particle agglomeration and consequent reduction in the quantity of fine particulate emissions from the system. Another objective was to show that carbon addition to the bed would result in the removal of mercury compounds from the ...
Successful operation of the Subscale Experimental Unit System has been demonstrated; performance was comparable to that of the 6-inch unit (one-tenth scale), indicating that scale-up problems should be minimal. Combustion of as-received wet lump coal (e.g., 1-1/4 in. top size) has been successfully demonstrated. Combustion performance was independent of feed location; accordingly, feeding from ...
A pilot-scale experiment on dewatering of surplus activated sludge (SAS) is presented, where two pilot-scale vertical flow, sludge drying reed beds (SDRBs), planted with Phragmites australis are used. The bottom of the beds is filled with cobbles, connected to the atmosphere through perforated PVC ventilation tubes, in order to achieve ...
High volume automated painting, as encountered in the painting of automobiles and appliances, requires that the item being painted be positioned in a conveying frame or fixture so that the painting machine or robot achieves a reproducible, high quality paint job. These conveying frames or fixtures are extensive fabrications carefully ...
Scalability is a major demand for high-yield, stable bioprocess systems in animal cell culture-based biopharmaceutical production. Increased yields can be achieved through high-density cell culture, such as in the combination of microcarrier and fluidized bed bioreactor technology. To minimize inocula volume in ...
Fluidized bed rector technology was investigated as a means of developing a new simple and low cost process for coal desulfurization. Preliminary experimental results obtained in a 2.54 cm batch fluidized bed reactor have shown that over 80% total sulfur reductions can be achieved by sequential chlorination and ...
Achieving a high burnup in the Deep-Burn pebble bed reactor design, while remaining within the limits for fuel temperature, power peaking and temperature reactivity feedback, is challenging. The high content of Pu and Minor Actinides in the Deep-Burn fuel significantly impacts the thermal neutron energy spectrum. ...
Cogeneration and power cycles involving indirect-fired gas turbines are being investigated to achieve high electric efficiency using coal. Studies have shown the potential of these systems, but few have been built. One of the uncertainties is the selection of suitable heat exchanger materials which can be used at the high temperatures ...
In the application of pressurized fluidized-bed combustion (PFBC) to the generation of electricity, hot corrosion of the gas turbine (downstream from the combustor) by alkali metal compounds in the combustion gas is a potential problem. The objective of this investigation is to develop a method for the removal of gaseous alkali metal compounds from the ...
An initial assessment of several actinide/LLFP burner concepts based on the Particle Bed Reactor (PBR) is described. The high power density/flux level achievable with the PBR make it an attractive candidate for this application. The PBR based actinide burner concept also possesses a number of safety and economic benefits relative to ...
Recent gasification data are presented for a system designed to produce liquid hydrocarbon fuel from various biomass feedstocks. The factors under investigation were feedstock type, fluidizing gas type, residence time, temperature and catalyst usage. The response was gas phase composition. A fluidized bed system was utilized with a separate regenerator-combustor. An olefin ...
The present invention is directed to a method for remotely mapping subterranean coal beds prior to and during in situ gasification operations. This method is achieved by emplacing highly directional electromagnetic wave transmitters and receivers in bore holes penetrating the coal beds and then mapping the ...
A major problem in the management of soft tissue sarcomas is the high rate of local recurrence postoperatively, regardless of whether the surgery performed was radical or conservative. The addition of irradiation to the tumor bed has decreased this risk significantly. In an attempt to achieve maximal local tumor control, a number of ...
A three-dimensional capacitance density imaging of a gasified bed or the like in a containment vessel is achieved using a plurality of electrodes provided circumferentially about the bed in levels and along the bed in channels. The electrodes are individually and selectively excited electrically at each level to ...
The technical status of the old U.S. mailine program for high level radioactive nuclear waste management, and the newly-developing program for disposal of unreprocessed spent fuel was assessed. The method of long term containment for both of these waste forms is considered to be deep geologic isolation in bedded salt. Each major component of both waste ...
A quantitative relation was established experimentally between excess gas flow above minimum fluidization and the variance of differential pressure fluctuations in a bed. The variance was used as part of a computer control scheme to maintain the quality of fluidization in a tall bed constant. This was achieved by controlling the amount ...
Abstract: Research is being done in the development of fluid bed combustors for high sulphur coal, using limestone or dolomite in the bed for removal of the ...
NASA Website
Using potassium silicate as silicon source, formamide as catalyst, a series of silica xerogel monolithic columns with different consistencies were prepared. The column bed would not rupture and collapse during drying at high temperatures. This is the biggest advantage compared with the inorganic monolithic columns using alkoxy silane as precursor. The ...
An initial assessment of a concept for burning weapons grade plutonium based on the Particle Bed Reactor (PBR) is described. The high power density/flux level achievable with the PBR make it an attractive candidate for this application. The PBR based plutonium burner concept also possesses a number of safety and economic benefits ...
A substantial number of tests directed at providing pressurized fluidized bed combustor (PFBC) performance and heat exchanger material characteristics are conducted in support of the pilot plant design criteria and material selections. PFBC burns high-sulfur coal to produce electricity at competitive costs under environmentally acceptable conditions. It is ...
The ultrasonic imaging project's purpose is to increase resolution and produce accurate graphic ultrasonic images. Sub projects directed at achieving these goals are: (1) mathematical modeling of elastic wave scattering for realistic defects, (2) developing signal analysis techniques to allow thorough quantitative ultrasonic field measurements, (3) design and ...
Coal-fired power plants produce the largest share of electric power generated in the US. Since coal is plentiful and relatively cheaper than gas or oil. The incentive to use coal is great. Increased state and federal environmental regulations and licensing requirements have caused an increase in construction costs for these plants. These facilities, in order to comply with the regulations, have to ...
Spherical cermet fuel elements are proposed for use in the Atoms For Peace Reactor (AFPR-100) concept. AFPR-100 is a small-scale, inherently safe, proliferation-resistant reactor that would be ideal for deployment to nations with emerging economies that decide to select nuclear power for the generation of carbon-free electricity. The basic concept of the AFPR core is a water-cooled fixed particle ...
Phenol degradation was carried out by using a modified three-stage airlift packing-bed bioreactor. A laboratory-scale airlift packing-bed reactor, with hydrodynamic flexible packing material in the three-stage bioreactor, was constructed and operated for phenol removal from synthetic wastewater. The airlift packing-bed reactor ...
Advanced, coal-based, power plants, such as IGCC and Advanced-PFBC, are currently nearing commercial demonstration. These power plant technologies require hot gas filtration as part of their gas cleaning trains. Ceramic barrier filters are the major filter candidates being developed for these hot gas cleaning applications. While ceramic barrier filters achieve ...
A process and apparatus are disclosed for purification of petroleum coke to produce an economical low sulfur product suitable for electrode production. Finely ground green coke is treated on an enclosed circular grate apparatus and subjected to sequential treatments in which hot gases are passed through a deep permeable bed of coke on the grate in a series of separate treating ...
Several materials have been used as bedding substrates in broiler production. In this work, the sludge from paper recycling was tested for its potential use as litter material and was compared with wood shavings. Moisture content, apparent density, and water-holding capacity were measured and characterized in both materials. Later, 192 male broiler chickens were distributed ...
We study the impact of flat disks (? 1 cm diameter) into a deep (800 particle diameters) bed of 250 ? m glass spheres of fixed volume fraction ?, and use a vertical flow of air (a fluidized bed) to change the material properties of the medium. By applying a series of air pulses to the bed we can achieve ...
A novel cyclonic fluidized-bed combustor ({psi}-FBC) was developed and tested for burning rice husk. The purpose of the new design was to integrate cyclonic and fluidized-bed combustion into a unique combustor for more efficient combustion, while maintaining its compact nature. The performance of the {psi}-FBC, with a design capacity of 100 kW{sub th}, was ...
This executive summary, final report, presents the results of the Department of Energy-sponsored program to evaluate a cogeneration system which integrated an indirectly heated open cycle gas turbine with an atmospheric fluidized bed fired with coal. This concept uses combinations of steam and 1500{degree}F (816{degree}C) pressurized air to generate electricity, process air ...
The Air Products Cambria Cogeneration facility, located in Cambria County, Pennsylvania, was designed to burn 90 ton/hr bituminous coal refuse (gob) - a waste by-product from a coal preparation plant, in two circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustors, producing a net power output of 85 MW to Pennsylvania Electric Company and u to 15,000 lb/hr of low pressure extraction steam ...
A thermochemical cycle is described that demonstrates the use of biomass or lignite-derived synthesis gas to reduce New Zealand ironsand, which is subsequently steam-oxidised to generate pure hydrogen. The redox reactions for this cycle have been thermodynamically modelled, giving an indication of the temperature ranges required to achieve water splitting and the potential ...
A highly porous nylon biocarrier was developed to support immobilized bacteria in bioreactors used to treat liquid wastes. Porosity analyses and scanning electron microscopy showed microbial colonization of accessible pores typically in the range of 100 to 1,200 (mu)m, with some as large as 3.9 mm. A bench-scale packed-bed reactor ...
Potential advantages of ultra-high exhaust temperature (3000 K - 4000 K) direct propulsion nuclear rockets are explored. Modifications to the Particle Bed Reactor (PBR) to achieve these temperatures are described. Benefits of ultra-high temperature propulsion are discussed for two missions - orbit transfer ...
The Institute of Gas Technology (IGT) has developed an advanced coal gasification process. The U-GAS process has been extensively tested in a pilot plant to firmly establish process feasibility and provide a large data base for scale-up and design of the first commercial plant. The U-GAS process is considered to be one of the more flexible, efficient, and economical coal gasification technologies ...
This study investigated experimentally the effects of various operating conditions, such as bed temperature, excess air, fuel property, and the method of temperature control on NO and N{sub 2}O emissions. All the experiments are conducted in a pilot scale vortexing fluidized bed combustor (VFBC). The cross section of the combustion chamber is 0.64 x 0.32 ...
A strong international energy development is currently taking place, towards new electric-power-producing technologies based on coal-fired combined cycle, gas and steam turbine plants. The new technologies are characterized by high fuel utilization and lo...
...records required in § 63.998. 5. An adsorption system with adsorbent regeneration to...regeneration stream mass flow during the adsorption bed regeneration cycle greater than...with the emission limit; ANDBefore the adsorption cycle commences, achieve and...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010
...compliance with the emission limit. 5. An adsorption system with adsorbent regeneration to...regeneration stream mass flow during the adsorption bed regeneration cycle greater than...the emission limit; AND Before the adsorption cycle commences, achieve and...
To realize the potential performance advantages inherent in a particle bed reactor (PBR) for nuclear thermal propulsion (NTP) applications, high performance particle fuel is required. This fuel must operate safely and without failure at high temperature in high pressure, flowing hydrogen propellant. The mixed mean ...
Particle-Bed Reactors (PBRs) potentially offer performance advantages for nuclear thermal propulsion, including very high power densities, thrust-to-weight ratios, and specific impulses. A key factor in achieving all of these is the development of a very-high-temperature fuel. The critical issues for all such PBR ...
A vibrating fluidized bed reactor was constructed and interfaced with the High-Flux Solar Furnace at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, CO. Various precursor mixtures of aluminum and aluminum nitride were heated for approximately 10 to 15 minutes using focused sunlight with an intensity as high as 2,000 kW/m{sup 2}. ...
DOEpatents
The report gives results of experimental measurements (in fixed- and moving-bed filters) of the effect of electrostatic augmentation on granular bed filter particle collection efficiencies. Experimental findings included: (1) either polarizing the bed or charging the particles si...
As a gasifier, the fast bed offers several advantages. Several factors may contribute to high gasification rates per unit bed volume: The fast bed affords contact with surprisingly large inventory of solid per unit bed volume, gas-solid contacting is expe...
The objective of this research project was to demonstrate a technically feasible and economically viable process for drying and stabilizing high-moisture subbituminous coal. Controlled thermal drying of coal fines was achieved using the inclined fluidized-bed drying and stabilization process developed by the Western Research Institute. ...
This work supports the program to develop methods for the cleanup of high-temperature, high-pressure combustion gases from pressurized fluidized-bed coal combustors so that the cleaned gases can be used to power downstream gas turbines. Data are presented in this report on the use of activated bauxite in a granular ...
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) designed a shrinking-bed reactor to maintain a constant bulk packing density of cellulosic biomass. The high solid-to-liquid ratio in the pretreatment process allows a high sugar yield and avoids the need to flush large volumes of solution through the reactor. To scale up the ...
One of the key priorities in the development of Thermophotovoltaic power technology is a highly efficient heat-source/emitter system that is robust and stable. This paper describes a tightly coupled burner/selective emitter combination that integrates two novel concepts that are now under development: A fluidized bed emitter that consists of hollow, ...
An improved process is disclosed for activating carbon in a fluidized bed which includes continuous activation at a temperature between 1000/sup 0/F and 2200/sup 0/F, preferably 1700/sup 0/F to 1950/sup 0/F in the bed. The activation step includes heat transfer by conduction through a distributor plate to the bed and means to ...
Ethanol fermentation was carried out in an up-flow attached-bed (UFAB) continuous fermentor using different microorganisms, substrates, and attachment supports. When Saccharomyces fragilis was attached to cellulose acetate to ferment deproteinized and concentrated acid whey, ethanol productivity as high as 6.9 g/(L{center dot}h), 10 times that of a batch ...
The paper reports the development of a test bed for a chemical oxygen � iodine laser based on a high throughput jet flow singlet oxygen generator (JSOG). The system provides vertical singlet oxygen extraction followed by horizontal orientation of subsequent subsystems. This design enables the study of flow complexities and engineering aspects of a ...
We have investigated a new concept for the storage of hydrogen gas. It consists of storing hydrogen on a bed of small metal-coated spherical shells of nearly pure silica composition. The silica shells function as high pressure containers which because of silica's high strength, can withstand the pressures required to ...
Biological phenol degradation in a draft tube gas-liquid-solid fluidized bed (DTFB) bioreactor containing a mixed culture immobilized on spherical activated carbon particles was investigated. The characteristics of biofilms including the biofilm dry density and thickness, the volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficient, and the phenol removal rates under different operating ...
... Aeronautical Systems Company began the High Technology Test Bed (HTTB), an ... mission and is fully instrumented with a real time data acquisition ...
Page 1. INITIAL TEST BED FOR VERY HIGH EFFICIENCY SOLAR CELLS Allen Barnett1, Xiaoting Wang1, Nick Waite1 ...
A mathematical model of heat and mass transfer is developed for fluidized-bed drying with microwave heating. The numerical results show that the temperature is uniformly distributed within a particle and that the pressure distribution in the particle has a significant effect on microwave fluidized-bed drying. The electric field strength E is an important ...
A baghouse is described that is effective in a small optical specialty regenerative furnace. The temperature in baghouses has to be kept above about 280/sup 0/F to avoid the high dew point of sulfur trioxide hydrates, which will plug the filter. A baghouse recently has been installed on fiberglass melting, using fiberglass filters, wherein the gas is quenched with water ...
Engineers at the Central Soya processing plant in Marion, Ohio were faced with the problem of upgrading or replacing two 20 y old coal-fired steam boilers. A boiler design was chosen which could fire all types of coal, oil, and natural gas - either individually or simultaneously. Boiler efficiency and environmental quality were enhanced by several design features. By incorporating a throttling ...
The present invention pertains generally to immobilizing particulate matter contained in a "packed" bed reactor so as to prevent powder migration, compaction, coalescence, or the like. More specifically, this invention relates to a technique for immobilizing particulate materials using a microporous foam-like polymer such that a) the particulate retains its essential chemical ...
The present invention pertains generally to immobilizing particulate matter contained in a packed bed reactor so as to prevent powder migration, compaction, coalescence, or the like. More specifically, this invention relates to a technique for immobilizing particulate materials using a microporous foam-like polymer such that (a) the particulate retains its essential chemical ...
On sedimentary tidal flats in the Wadden Sea near the Island of Sylt, the periwinkle Littorina littorea occurred preferentially on clusters and beds of mussels and on shell beds (100 to 350 m?2), achieved moderate densities on green algal patches or mats (20 to 50 m?2), and remained rare on bare sediments (<5 m?2). Green algae ...
Power generation from biomass is an attractive technology that utilizes agricultural residual waste. In order to explain the behavior of biomass-fired fluidized bed incinerator, biomass sources from agricultural residues (rice husk and palm kernel) were co-fired with coal in a 0.15m diameter and 2.3m high fluidized bed combustor. The ...
This technical report summarizes the research work performed and progress achieved during the period of April 1, 1995 to June 30, 1995. In this study, the preliminary analysis of test data and understanding of the erosion behavior of resistant coatings for the in-bed tube materials were discussed for one the remedies of preventing ...
A method for designing and optimizing recirculating pebble-bed reactor cores is presented. At the heart of the method is a new reactor physics computer code, PEBBED, which accurately and efficiently computes the neutronic and material properties of the asymptotic (equilibrium) fuel cycle. This core state is shown to be unique for a given core geometry, power level, discharge ...
A nonlinear inferential cascade control strategy for a tubular fixed-bed reactor with highly exothermic reaction is presented. Tight control of exit conversion and stabilization of hot-spot temperature was achieved over a wide range of operating conditions. A multiple cascade structure was developed by lumping the distributed-parameter ...
The Deep-Burn (DB) concept focuses on the destruction of transuranic nuclides from used light water reactor fuel. These transuranic nuclides are incorporated into TRISO coated fuel particles and used in gas-cooled reactors with the aim of a fractional fuel burnup of 60 to 70% in fissions per initial metal atom (FIMA). This high performance is expected through the use of ...
There remains a general need to identify and synthesize sorbents for selective sorption of low concentrations of target solutes in the areas of product purification, environmental pollution control, and chemicals recovery. A new class of tailored chelating polymers show high sorption affinity toward target anionic ligands of environmental importance, namely, oxalate, ...
This technical report summarizes the research work performed and progress achieved during the period of July 1, 1995 to October 30, 1995. The characteristics of resistant coatings were determined and related to metal wastage of in-bed tubes in FBC under various laboratory test conditions, The tests were conducted at high impact ...
Following a brief review of the history of development of fluid bed combustion the advantages of the fluid bed principle for an environmentally favorable combustion at low temperatures and the conditions of different fluidizing states applicable to combustion are discussed. Hereby the importance of the radial mixing behavior of fluidizing gas and fluidized ...
The Institute of Gas Technology (IGT) U-GAS process for medium-Btu gas offers a means to achieve a clean fuel from coal with minimal particulate and sulfur dioxide flue-gas emissions. The U-GAS process combines a single-stage fluidized-bed gasifier with an ash agglomerating mechanism that achieves high carbon ...
Slip at the bases of wet-based ice masses may share more in common with slip along crustal faults than previously suspected. The ice plain of Whillans ice stream moves by persistent slick-slip motion with associated basal seismicity (Wiens, et al., 2007, Nature) Additional evidence for stick-slip over shorter time and length scales comes from seismic studies elsewhere in Antarctica (Danesi et ...
BackgroundThe communities of Namawala and Idete villages in southern Tanzania experienced extremely high malaria transmission in the 1990s. By 2001-03, following high usage rates (75% of all age groups) of untreated bed nets, a 4.2-fold reduction in malaria transmission intensity was achieved. Since 2006, a ...
An object of this invention is to increase the conversion attainable with a gas generator, and to increase the load capacity of the reactor charge. This goal is achieved using a gas generator of the type described in US Patent 3,828,736 by embedding the plates into a bed of packing material and by using plates which have higher thermal conductivity than ...
Sulfur removal will be mandatory for all power generation coal gas applications in order to comply with future environmental standards. Two promising technologies that are currently being optimized for coal-based power generation are the integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) and the gasifier/molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) systems. Zinc ferrite is currently the leading candidate to serve ...
The Advanced Expander Test Bed (AETB) is a key element in NASA's Space Chemical Engine Technology Program for development and demonstration of expander cycle oxygen/hydrogen engine and advanced component technologies applicable to space engines as well as launch vehicle upper stage engines. The AETB will be used to validate the high-pressure expander cycle ...
The main purpose of the High Recovery Test Program was to obtain feasibility design data for cation exchange softening to allow a greater fractional recovery of desalted product water at the YDP(Yuma Desalting Plant). Compared to the original YDP design with 70-percent desalting recovery, additional removal of calcium in the desalting feed would allow recoveries over 90 ...
Manganese based hot-gas-desulfurization sorbents are under investigation for use in Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle advanced electric-power-generation systems. The objective of this project is to develop a regenerable Mn-based pellet formulation that can achieve low sulfur partial pressures, has a high capacity for sulfur and sufficient strength for ...
A program was conducted to design, construct, and operate an industrial fluidized bed combustion (FBC) boiler demonstration plant with a capacity of 50,000 lb/h steam. The following were the objectives of the program: (1) to extend the fluidized bed boiler design by employing natural circulation cooling; (2) to design, build, operate, test, and demonstrate ...
In the process of the design study, the UAFBC system configuration has been evolved and simplified. The system combines a self-cleaning distributor/grate section (which can tolerate large coal particles) with a fluidized bed. Proper control of the distributor/grate and fluidized-bed provides high turndown capability. For maximum carbon ...
The HIV-1 BED incidence assay was developed at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and since 2005 is available as a commercial kit for use in HIV-1 incidence surveillance. A BED-specific proficiency testing (PT) program was initiated in 2006 which included a panel of 8 coded specimens (6 unique and 2 duplicates) to participating ...
The world is currently facing challenges to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels and to achieve a sustainable renewable supply. Renewable energies represent a diversity of energy sources that can help to maintain the equilibrium of different ecosystems. Among the various sources of renewable energy, biomass is finding more uses as it is considered carbon neutral since the ...
Optically activated, high gain GaAs switches are being tested for many different pulsed power applications that require long lifetime (longevity). The switches have p and n contact metallization (with intentional or unintentional dopants) configured in such a way as to produce p-i-n or n-i-n switches. The longevity of the switches is determined by circuit parameters and by the ...
Based on the technology of conditional activated sludge process, swim-bed technology involving the novel biomass attachment material biofringe (BF) is one of the new and efficient advanced municipal wastewater treatments process. The process demonstrated effective treatment of high concentrated organic wastewater. When VLRs were from 1.7 kg/(m3 x d) to 4.5 ...
In Cuba, the alcohol distillation process from cane sugar molasses, produces a final waste (vinasse), with an enormous polluting potential and a high sulfate content. Applying the anaerobic technology, most of the biodegradable organic matter can turn into biogas, rich in methane but with concentrations of sulfide above 1%. The present work develops two experiences with ...
The objective of this study is to obtain data on the rates of reaction between hydrogen sulfide (H{sub 2}S) and uncalcined calcium-based sorbents under operating conditions relevant to first stage (carbonizer) of Advanced Two-Stage Pressurized Fluidized-Bed Combustors (PFBC). In these systems the CO{sub 2} partial pressure in the first stage generally exceeds the equilibrium ...
This technical report summarizes the research work performed and progress achieved during the period of July 1, 1994 to September 30, 1994. The metal wastage of AISI 1018 low carbon steel at different particle velocity was discussed to understand the erosion phenomena of in-bed tube in FBC system. At both low velocity (2.5 m/s) and ...
A pilot-scale process was designed and operated to investigate the continuous removal of ammonia from sewage using natural zeolite from Australia. The process consisted of a fixed-bed ion-exchange system operated in the downflow mode. Evaluation of the pilot process was initially undertaken for ammonia removal from tap water spiked with ammonium chloride to provide performance ...
Reactions of highly active catalysts are compared by allowing temperature of catalyst bed, initially
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
