Publication 17
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174322taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174324Taxpayer identification number needed for each qualifying person.
(p214)You must include on line 2 of Form 2441 the name and taxpayer identification number (generally the social security number) of each qualifying person. See
Taxpayer identification number under
Qualifying Person Test, later.
You may have to pay employment taxes.
(p214)If you pay someone to come to your home and care for your dependent or spouse, you may be a household employer who has to pay employment taxes. Usually, you are not a household employer if the person who cares for your dependent or spouse does so at his or her home or place of business. See
Employment Taxes for Household Employers, later.
This chapter discusses the credit for child and dependent care expenses and covers the following topics.
- Tests you must meet to claim the credit.
- How to figure the credit.
- How to claim the credit.
- Employment taxes you may have to pay as a household employer.
You may be able to claim the credit if you pay someone to care for your dependent who is under age 13 or for your spouse or dependent who is not able to care for himself or herself. The credit can be up to 35% of your expenses. To qualify, you must pay these expenses so you can work or look for work.
 | This credit should not be confused with the
child tax credit discussed in chapter 33. |
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174331If you received any dependent care benefits from your employer during the year, you may be able to exclude from your income all or part of them. You must complete Form 2441, Part III before you can figure the amount of your credit. See
Dependent Care Benefits under
How To Figure the Credit, later.
Useful items
You may want to see:
Publication 501 Exemptions, Standard Deduction, and Filing Information 503
Child and Dependent Care Expenses
926
Household Employer's Tax Guide
Form (and Instructions) 2441 :
Child and Dependent Care Expenses
Schedule H (Form 1040):
Household Employment Taxes
W-7:
Application for IRS Individual Taxpayer Identification Number W-10:
Dependent Care Provider's Identification and Certification
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174334To be able to claim the credit for child and dependent care expenses, you must file Form 1040 or Form 1040A, not Form 1040EZ, and meet all the following tests.
- The care must be for one or more qualifying persons who are identified on the form you use to claim the credit. (See
Qualifying Person Test.)
- You (and your spouse if filing jointly) must have earned income during the year. (However, see
Rule for student-spouse or spouse not able to care for self under
Earned Income Test, later.)
- You must pay child and dependent care expenses so you (and your spouse if filing jointly) can work or look for work. (See
Work-Related Expense Test, later.)
- You must make payments for child and dependent care to someone you (and your spouse) cannot claim as a dependent. If you make payments to your child, he or she cannot be your dependent and must be age 19 or older by the end of the year. You cannot make payments to:
- Your spouse, or
- The parent of your qualifying person if your qualifying person is your child and under age 13.
(See
Payments to Relatives or Dependents under
Work-Related Expense Test, later.)
- Your filing status may be single, head of household, or qualifying widow(er) with dependent child. If you are married, you must file a joint return, unless an exception applies to you. (See
Joint Return Test, later.)
- You must identify the care provider on your tax return. (See
Provider Identification Test, later.)
- If you exclude or deduct dependent care benefits provided by a dependent care benefits plan, the total amount you exclude or deduct must be less than the dollar limit for qualifying expenses (generally, $3,000 if one qualifying person was cared for or $6,000 if two or more qualifying persons were cared for). (If two or more qualifying persons were cared for, the amount you exclude or deduct will always be less than the dollar limit, since the total amount you can exclude or deduct is limited to $5,000. See
Reduced Dollar Limit under
How To Figure the Credit, later.)
These tests are presented in
Figure 31-A and are also explained in detail in this chapter.
Your child and dependent care expenses must be for the care of one or more qualifying persons.
A qualifying person is:
- Your qualifying child who is your dependent and who was under age 13 when the care was provided (but see
Note later),
- Your spouse who was not physically or mentally able to care for himself or herself and lived with you for more than half the year,
or
- A person who was not physically or mentally able to care for himself or herself, lived with you for more than half the year, and
either:
- Was your dependent, or
- Would have been your dependent except that:
- He or she received gross income of $3,800 or more,
- He or she filed a joint return, or
- You, or your spouse if filing jointly, could be claimed as a dependent on someone else's 2012
return.
A dependent is a person, other than you or your spouse, for whom you can claim an exemption. To be your dependent, a person must be your qualifying child (or your qualifying
relative).
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174351To be your qualifying child, a child must live with you for more than half the year and meet other
requirements.
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174352For more information about who is a dependent or a qualifying child, see
chapter 3.
Persons who cannot dress, clean, or feed themselves because of physical or mental problems are considered not able to care for themselves. Also, persons who must have constant attention to prevent them from injuring themselves or others are considered not able to care for themselves.
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174355You determine a person's qualifying status each day. For example, if the person for whom you pay child and dependent care expenses no longer qualifies on September 16, count only those expenses through September 15. Also see
Yearly Limit under
Dollar Limit, later.
In determining whether a person is a qualifying person, a person who was born or died in 2012 is treated as having lived with you for more than half of 2012 if your home was the person's home for more than half the time he or she was alive in
2012.
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174359You must include on your return the name and taxpayer identification number (generally the social security number) of the qualifying person(s). If the correct information is not shown, the credit may be reduced or disallowed.
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174360If your qualifying person is a nonresident or resident alien who does not have and cannot get a social security number (SSN), use that person's ITIN. The ITIN is entered wherever an SSN is requested on a tax return. To apply for an ITIN, see Form
W-7.
An ITIN is for tax use only. It does not entitle the holder to social security benefits or change the holder's employment or immigration status under U.S.
law.
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174361If your qualifying person is a child who was placed in your home for adoption and for whom you do not have an SSN, you must get an ATIN for the child. File Form W-7A, Application for Taxpayer Identification Number for Pending U.S. Adoptions.
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174362Even if you cannot claim your child as a dependent, he or she is treated as your qualifying person if:
- The child was under age 13 or was not physically or mentally able to care for himself or herself,
- The child received over half of his or her support during the calendar year from one or both parents who are divorced or legally separated under a decree of divorce or separate maintenance, are separated under a written separation agreement, or lived apart at all times during the last 6 months of the calendar year,
- The child was in the custody of one or both parents for more than half the year,
and
- You were the child's custodial parent.
The custodial parent is the parent with whom the child lived for the greater number of nights in 2012. If the child was with each parent for an equal number of nights, the custodial parent is the parent with the higher adjusted gross income. For details and an exception for a parent who works at night, see Pub.
501.
The noncustodial parent cannot treat the child as a qualifying person even if that parent is entitled to claim the child as a dependent under the special rules for a child of divorced or separated
parents.
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174363To claim the credit, you (and your spouse if filing jointly) must have earned income during the year.
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174364Earned income includes wages, salaries, tips, other taxable employee compensation, and net earnings from self-employment. A net loss from self-employment reduces earned income. Earned income also includes strike benefits and any disability pay you report as wages.
Generally, only taxable compensation is included. However, you can elect to include nontaxable combat pay in earned income. If you are filing a joint return and both you and your spouse received nontaxable combat pay, you can each make your own election. You should figure your credit both ways and make the election if it gives you a greater tax
benefit.
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174365Certain income earned by persons who are members of certain religious faiths that are opposed to participation in Social Security Act programs and have an IRS-approved form that exempts certain income from social security and Medicare taxes may not be considered earned income for this purpose. See
Earned Income Test
in Publication
503.
Earned income does not include:
- Pensions and annuities,
- Social security and railroad retirement benefits,
- Workers' compensation,
- Interest and dividends,
- Unemployment compensation,
- Scholarship or fellowship grants, except for those reported on a Form W-2 and paid to you for teaching or other services,
- Nontaxable workfare payments,
- Child support payments received by you,
- Income of nonresident aliens that is not effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business,
or
- Any amount received for work while an inmate in a penal institution.
Your spouse is treated as having earned income for any month that he or she is:
- A full-time student, or
- Physically or mentally not able to care for himself or herself. (Your spouse also must live with you for more than half the
year.)
Figure the earned income of the nonworking spouse described under (1) or (2) above as explained under
Earned Income Limit, later.
This rule applies to only one spouse for any one month. If, in the same month, both you and your spouse do not work and are either full-time students or not physically or mentally able to care for yourselves, only one of you can be treated as having earned income in that month.
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174369You are a full-time student if you are enrolled at a school for the number of hours or classes that the school considers full time. You must have been a full-time student for some part of each of 5 calendar months during the year. (The months need not be consecutive.)
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174370The term "school" includes high schools, colleges, universities, and technical, trade, and mechanical schools. A school does not include an on-the-job training course, correspondence school, or school offering courses only through the Internet.
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174372Child and dependent care expenses must be work-related to qualify for the credit. Expenses are considered work-related only if both of the following are true.
- They allow you (and your spouse if filing jointly) to work or look for
work.
- They are for a qualifying person's care.
To be work-related, your expenses must allow you to work or look for work. If you are married, generally both you and your spouse must work or look for work. Your spouse is treated as working during any month he or she is a full-time student or is not physically or mentally able to care for himself or herself.
Your work can be for others or in your own business or partnership. It can be either full time or part time.
Work also includes actively looking for work. However, if you do not find a job and have no earned income for the year, you cannot take this credit. See
Earned Income Test, earlier.
An expense is not considered work-related merely because you had it while you were working. The purpose of the expense must be to allow you to work. Whether your expenses allow you to work or look for work depends on the
facts.
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174375The cost of a babysitter while you and your spouse go out to eat is not normally a work-related
expense.
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174376You work during the day. Your spouse works at night and sleeps during the day. You pay for care of your 5-year-old child during the hours when you are working and your spouse is sleeping. Your expenses are considered
work-related.
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174377
For this purpose, you are not considered to be working if you do unpaid
volunteer work or volunteer work for a nominal salary.
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174378If you work or actively look for work during only part of the period covered by the expenses, then you must figure your expenses for each day. For example, if you work all year and pay care expenses of $250 a month ($3,000 for the year), all the expenses are work-related. However, if you work or look for work for only 2 months and 15 days during the year and pay expenses of $250 a month, your work-related expenses are limited to $625
(21/2 months × $250).
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174379You do not have to figure your expenses for each day during a short, temporary absence from work, such as for vacation or a minor illness, if you have to pay for care anyway. Instead, you can figure your credit including the expenses you paid for the period of
absence.
An absence of 2 weeks or less is a short, temporary absence. An absence of more than 2 weeks may be considered a short, temporary absence, depending on the
circumstances.
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174380You pay a nanny to care for your 2-year-old son and 4-year-old daughter so you can work. You become ill and miss 4 months of work but receive sick pay. You continue to pay the nanny to care for the children while you are ill. Your absence is not a short, temporary absence, and your expenses are not considered
work-related.
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174381If you work part-time, you generally must figure your expenses for each day. However, if you have to pay for care weekly, monthly, or in another way that includes both days worked and days not worked, you can figure your credit including the expenses you paid for days you did not work. Any day when you work at least 1 hour is a day of
work.
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174382You work 3 days a week. While you work, your 6-year-old child attends a dependent care center, which complies with all state and local regulations. You can pay the center $150 for any 3 days a week or $250 for 5 days a week. Your child attends the center 5 days a week. Your work-related expenses are limited to $150 a
week.
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174383The facts are the same as in
Example 1
except the center does not offer a 3-day option. The entire $250 weekly fee may
be a work-related expense.
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174384To be work-related, your expenses must be to provide care for a qualifying person.
You do not have to choose the least expensive way of providing care. The cost of a paid care provider may be an expense for the care of a qualifying person even if another care provider is available at no cost.
Expenses are for the care of a qualifying person only if their main purpose is the person's well-being and protection.
Expenses for household services qualify if part of the services is for the care of qualifying persons. See
Household services, later.
Expenses for care do not include amounts you pay for food, lodging, clothing, education, and entertainment. However, you can include small amounts paid for these items if they are incidental to and cannot be separated from the cost of caring for the qualifying
person.
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174387Expenses for a child in nursery school, preschool, or similar programs for children below the level of kindergarten are expenses for care. Expenses to attend kindergarten or a higher grade are not expenses for care. Do not use these expenses to figure your credit.
However, expenses for before- or after-school care of a child in kindergarten or a higher grade may be expenses for
care.
Summer school and tutoring programs are not for care.
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174388You take your 3-year-old child to a nursery school that provides lunch and educational activities as a part of its preschool childcare service. The lunch and educational activities are incidental to the childcare, and their cost cannot be separated from the cost of care. You can count the total cost when you figure the credit.
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174389You place your 10-year-old child in a boarding school so you can work full time. Only the part of the boarding school expense that is for the care of your child is a work-related expense. You can count that part of the expense in figuring your credit if it can be separated from the cost of education. You cannot count any part of the amount you pay the school for your child's education.
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174390You can count the cost of care provided outside your home if the care is for your dependent under age 13 or any other qualifying person who regularly spends at least 8 hours each day in your home.
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174391You can count care provided outside your home by a dependent care center only if the center complies with all state and local regulations that apply to these centers.
A dependent care center is a place that provides care for more than six persons (other than persons who live there) and receives a fee, payment, or grant for providing services for any of those persons, even if the center is not run for profit.
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174392The cost of sending your child to an overnight camp is not considered a work-related expense. The cost of sending your child to a day camp may be a work-related expense, even if the camp specializes in a particular activity, such as computers or
soccer.
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174393If a care provider takes a qualifying person to or from a place where care is provided, that transportation is for the care of the qualifying person. This includes transportation by bus, subway, taxi, or private car. However, transportation not provided by a care provider is not for the care of a qualifying person. Also, if you pay the transportation cost for the care provider to come to your home, that expense is not for care of a qualifying
person.
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174394Fees you paid to an agency to get the services of a care provider, deposits you paid to an agency or preschool, application fees, and other indirect expenses are work-related expenses if you have to pay them to get care, even though they are not directly for care. However, a forfeited deposit is not for the care of a qualifying person if care is not
provided.
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174395You paid a fee to an agency to get the services of the nanny who cares for your 2-year-old daughter while you work. The fee you paid is a work-related
expense.
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174396You placed a deposit with a preschool to reserve a place for your 3-year-old child. You later sent your child to a different preschool and forfeited the deposit. The forfeited deposit is not for care and so is not a work-related
expense.
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174397Expenses you pay for household services meet the work-related expense test if they are at least partly for the well-being and protection of a qualifying person.
Household services are ordinary and usual services done in and around your home that are necessary to run your home. They include the services of a housekeeper, maid, or cook. However, they do not include the services of a chauffeur, bartender, or gardener. See
Household Services
in Publication
503 for more information.
In this chapter, the term housekeeper refers to any household employee whose services include the care of a qualifying
person.
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174398taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174400You can count work-related payments you make to relatives who are not your dependents, even if they live in your home. However, do not count any amounts you pay to:
- A dependent for whom you (or your spouse if filing jointly) can claim an
exemption,
- Your child who was under age 19 at the end of the year, even if he or she is not your dependent,
- A person who was your spouse any time during the year, or
- The parent of your qualifying person if your qualifying person is your child and under age 13.
Generally, married couples must file a joint return to take the credit. However, if you are legally separated or living apart from your spouse, you may be able to file a separate return and still take the
credit.
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174402You are not considered married if you are legally separated from your spouse under a decree of divorce or separate maintenance. You may be eligible to take the credit on your return using head of household filing
status.
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174403You are not considered married and are eligible to take the credit if all the following apply.
- You file a return apart from your spouse.
- Your home is the home of a qualifying person for more than half the
year.
- You pay more than half the cost of keeping up your home for the
year.
- Your spouse does not live in your home for the last 6 months of the year.
The costs of keeping up a home normally include property taxes, mortgage interest, rent, utility charges, home repairs, insurance on the home, and food eaten at home.
The costs of keeping up a home do not include payments for clothing, education, medical treatment, vacations, life insurance, transportation, or mortgage
principal.
They also do not include the purchase, permanent improvement, or replacement of property. For example, you cannot include the cost of replacing a water heater. However, you can include the cost of repairing a water
heater.
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174405If your spouse died during the year and you do not remarry before the end of the year, you generally must file a joint return to take the credit. If you do remarry before the end of the year, the credit can be claimed on your deceased spouse's return.
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174406You must identify all persons or organizations that provide care for your child or dependent. Use Form 2441, Part I to show the information.
Note.If you do not have any care providers and you are filing Form 2441 only to report taxable income in Part III, enter "none" in line 1, column
(a).
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174407To identify the care provider, you must give the provider's:
- Name,
- Address, and
- Taxpayer identification number.
If the care provider is an individual, the taxpayer identification number is his or her social security number or individual taxpayer identification number. If the care provider is an organization, then it is the employer identification number (EIN).
You do not have to show the taxpayer identification number if the care provider is a tax-exempt organization (such as a church or school). In this case, enter "Tax-Exempt" in the space where the tax form calls for the number.
If you cannot provide all of the information or if the information is incorrect, you must be able to show that you used due diligence (discussed later) in trying to furnish the necessary information.
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174408You can use Form W-10 to request the required information from the care provider. If you do not use Form W-10, you can get the information from one of the other sources listed in the instructions for Form W-10 including:
- A copy of the provider's social security card,
- A copy of the provider's completed Form W-4 if he or she is your household
employee,
- A copy of the statement furnished by your employer if the provider is your employer's dependent care plan,
or
- A letter or invoice from the provider if it shows the information.
 | You should keep this information with your tax records. Do not send Form W-10 (or other document containing this information) to the Internal Revenue
Service. |
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174410If the care provider information you give is incorrect or incomplete, your credit may not be allowed. However, if you can show that you used due diligence in trying to supply the information, you can still claim the credit.
You can show due diligence by getting and keeping the provider's completed Form W-10 or one of the other sources of information listed earlier. Care providers can be penalized if they do not provide this information to you or if they provide incorrect information.
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174411If the provider refuses to give you their identifying information, you should report whatever information you have (such as the name and address) on the form you use to claim the credit. Enter "See Attached Statement" in the columns calling for the information you do not have. Then attach a statement explaining that you requested the information from the care provider, but the provider did not give you the information. Be sure to write your name and social security number on this statement. The statement will show that you used due diligence in trying to furnish the necessary information.
taxmap/pub17/p17-162.htm#en_us_publink1000174412If you are living abroad, your care provider may not have, and may not be required to get, a U.S. taxpayer identification number (for example, an SSN or EIN). If so, enter "LAFCP" (Living Abroad Foreign Care Provider) in the space for the care provider's taxpayer identification
number.
Previous Page |
Table of Contents |
Index |
Next Page
