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The Radiological Threat
What Is a “Dirty Bomb?”Fact and Mitigation Measures A “dirty bomb” is a radiological dispersal device (RDD) that combines a The terms dirty bomb and RDD are often used interchangeably in the media. The idea behind a dirty bomb is to spread radioactive material into some populated area and cause anxiety in those who think they are being, or have been, exposed to radiation. A dirty bomb could contaminate buildings and the local environment, and expose people to radiation emanating from the radioactive material. People could be externally contaminated (on their skin) or internally contaminated with radioactive materials through inhalation, ingestion, or through wounds. Effects of an RDD Attack—No Need To Panic The extent of local contamination would depend on a number of factors, including the size of the explosive, the amount and type of radioactive material used, the means of dispersal, and weather conditions. Those closest to the RDD would be the most likely to sustain injuries due to the explosion. As radioactive material spreads, it becomes less concentrated and less harmful. It is extremely unlikely that anyone who survives the explosion will become sick from radiation. Immediate health effects from exposure to the low radiation levels expected from an RDD would likely be minimal. Just because people are near radioactive material for a short time or get a small amount of radioactive dust on them does not mean they will get cancer, and any additional risk is likely to be extremely small. Indicators of Exposure You cannot rely on your senses to tell if you are being exposed to a harmful level of radioactivity. Radiation detection equipment and devices like Geiger counters and pocket dosimeters are needed. Hazmat crews and many fire trucks routinely carry such equipment with them, and they would probably be the first to detect abnormal levels of radioactivity. Protective Actions If you are not involved in the immediate emergency response, the best thing you can do after a bomb blast is try to leave the area quickly and calmly. If the attack includes radioactive material, moving quickly away from the blast area will reduce the time and intensity of your exposure. In an RDD attack, most people are unlikely to learn that the attack involved radioactive materials until hours or days later. As a precaution, make sure to bag your outer layer of clothing, take a shower, and wash your hair once you reach a safe location.
Sources of Radioactive Material Radioactive materials are routinely used at medical, research, and industrial Terrorist Pursuit of Radiological Weapons Terrorists for many years have sought to acquire radioactive material for use in attacks.
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