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Managing antipsychotics' metabolic side effects


November 9, 2009

Drs. Richard Owen (right) and Jeffrey Smith (center), along with their team, aim to help VA doctors better prevent and manage antipsychotic side effects such as weight gain.

Ounce of prevention—Drs. Richard Owen (right) and Jeffrey Smith (center), along with their team, aim to help VA doctors better prevent and manage antipsychotic side effects such as weight gain (Photo by Jeffery Bowen).

More than 8 in 10 VA patients with schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders are prescribed a class of drugs known as second-generation antipsychotics. The drugs are considered an improvement over earlier medications that often caused muscle stiffness, spasms and other troubling side effects. But the newer drugs come with side effects of their own—weight gain, diabetes, high cholesterol.

A 2007 VA report and other research suggested VA doctors could do a better job of tracking and managing the side effects of second-generation antipsychotics. In response, VA's Office of Mental Health Services set up a workgroup to enact a wide-ranging set of recommendations.

A new study based at the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System will add to those efforts. "We anticipate that national implementation of these recommendations will improve care overall, but the improvement is likely to be less pronounced at a substantial number of facilities that are 'stressed,'" explains study leader Richard Owen, MD, director of VA's Center for Mental Healthcare and Outcomes Research. "These are facilities with fewer resources and more difficulty undertaking quality-improvement efforts."

Owen's team will test a targeted qualityimprovement intervention at those sites. Clinicians and leadership at each facility will be kept abreast of the latest research evidence; develop their own plan to monitor and better manage side effects, with help from the researchers; and be given access to quality improvement tools such as VA Department of Defense clinical practice guidelines and supporting materials; educational pocket-sized cards for effects; clinical reminders in patients' individual electronic medical records; and computer-generated lists for providers that identify all of their patients who are due for side-effect monitoring.

Owen says one overarching goal will be enhancing coordination between primary care and mental health clinics.

To measure improvement, the researchers will track the rates at which care teams check patients' weight, body mass index, blood glucose levels and cholesterol levels, and the extent to which patients who are obese or who have diabetes or high cholesterol receive interventions consistent with VA guidelines.

This article originally appeared in the Nov-Dec 2009 issue of VA Research Currents.