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Northern Research Station
11 Campus Blvd., Suite 200
Newtown Square, PA 19073
(610) 557-4017
(610) 557-4132 TTY/TDD

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Scientists & Staff

[image:] William McWilliams William McWilliams

Title: Research Forester
Unit: Forest Inventory & Analysis
Address: Northern Research Station
11 Campus Blvd., Suite 200
Newtown Square, PA 19073
Phone: 610-557-4050
E-mail: Contact William McWilliams

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Education

  • Dual-title M.S., Forest Science and Operations Research, Pennsylvania State, 1983
  • B.S., Economics and Business Administration, Drexel University, 1977

Civic & Professional Affiliations

Society of American Foresters, Ecological Society of America

Current Research

My research is directed towards conducting landscape-level studies of cutting disturbance, tree mortality, regeneration, and other factors affecting forest extent, composition, and sustainability. Currently, I am focusing on the analysis of results for the recent inventory of Maine and Pennsylvania. For the longer term, I hope to enhance ecological inventory and classification approaches by integrating remote sensing, GIS, and database management into a flexible system for understanding changes in forest resources and their associated spatial distribution. The impact of urbanization, parcelization, fragmentation, and land-use change complicate our ability to assess effects on composition and structure. Improved approaches will enhance our ability to construct forest community profiles based on accepted ecological criteria. I also hope to design and implement improved techniques for inventory of forested ecosystems.

Why is This Important

Knowledge of the health and sustainability of forested ecosystems at the landscape level is limited to traditional methodologies. Contemporary policy and management decisions require more timely, relevant and conclusive information that is spatially explicit. Quantitative analysis of FIA used in conjunction with auxiliary information provides the opportunity improve decisions that impact forest land and ultimately, human health and well being.

Future Research

  • Forest resource assessment
  • Understory-overstory relationships and the impact of invasive species
  • Eco-resource Projections

Featured Publications

  • McWilliams, Will; Lehman, Shawn; Roth, Paul; Westfall, Jim. 2012. Forest Service's Northern Research Station FIA launches 24-state study of forest regeneration. The ForestrySource. 17(12): 12, 15.
  • Canham, Charles D.; McWilliams, William H. 2012. Information for forest process models: a review of NRS-FIA vegetation measurements. In: Morin, Randall S.; Liknes, Greg C., comps. Moving from status to trends: Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) symposium 2012; 2012 December 4-6; Baltimore, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-105. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. [CD-ROM]: 295-302.
  • McWilliams, William H.; Morin, Randall S.; Johnson, Katherine; Moser, W. Keith; Westfall, James A. 2012. Invasive plant monitoring for northern U.S. forests. In: Morin, Randall S.; Liknes, Greg C., comps. Moving from status to trends: Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) symposium 2012; 2012 December 4-6; Baltimore, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-105. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. [CD-ROM]: 283-287.
  • McCaskill, G.L.; McWilliams, W.H. 2012. Maine's forest resources, 2011. Res. Note. NRS-143. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 4 p.
  • McCaskill, G.L.; McWilliams, W.H.; Barnett, C.J. 2012. Pennsylvania's forest resources, 2011. Res. Note. NRS-157. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 4 p.

Additional Online Publications

  • McWilliams, William H.; Canham, Charles D.; Morin, Randall S.; Johnson, Katherine; Roth, Paul; Westfall, James A. 2012. Sampling forest regeneration across northern U.S. forests: filling a void in regeneration model input. In: Morin, Randall S.; Liknes, Greg C., comps. Moving from status to trends: Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) symposium 2012; 2012 December 4-6; Baltimore, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-105. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. [CD-ROM]: 290-294.
  • McCaskill, G.L.; McWilliams, W.H. 2011. Maine's forest resources, 2009. Res. Note NRS-91. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 4 p.
  • McCaskill, G.L.; McWilliams, W.H.; Morin, R.S. 2011. Maine's forest resources, 2010. Res. Note NRS-110. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 4 p.
  • McCaskill, George L.; McWilliams, William H.; Barnett, Charles J.; Butler, Brett J.; Hatfield, Mark A.; Kurtz, Cassandra M.; Morin, Randall S.; Moser, W. Keith; Perry, Charles H.; Woodall, Christopher W. 2011. Maine's forests 2008. Resour. Bull. NRS- 48. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 62 p. [DVD included].
  • McCaskill, G.L.; McWilliams, W.H.; Butler, B.J.; Meneguzzo, D.M.; Barnett, C.J.; Hansen, M.H. 2011. Pennsylvania's forest resources, 2007. Res. Note NRS-88. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 6 p.
  • McCaskill, G.L.; McWilliams, W.H.; Butler, B.J.; Meneguzzo, D.M.; Barnett, C.J.; Hansen, M.H. 2011. Pennsylvania's forest resources, 2008. Res. Note NRS-89. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 4 p.
  • McCaskill, G.L.; McWilliams, W.H.; Butler, B.J.; Meneguzzo, D.M.; Barnett, C.J.; Hansen, M.H. 2011. Pennsylvania's forest resources, 2009. Res. Note NRS-90. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 4 p.
  • McCaskill, G.L.; McWilliams, W.H.; Barnett, C.J. 2011. Pennsylvania's forest resources, 2010. Res. Note NRS-122. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 4 p.
  • Butler, Brett J.; Martin, Christopher; McWilliams, William; O'Connell, Barbara. 2010. Connecticut's forest resources, 2007. Res. Note NRS-44. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 5 p
  • Lister, T.W.; Gladders, G.; McWilliams, W.; Meneguzo, D.; Barnett, C.; O'Connell, B. 2010. Delaware's forest resources, 2007. Res. Note. NRS-70. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 5 p.
  • McCaskill, G.L.; McWilliams, W.H.; Butler, B.J.; Barnett, C.J.; Hansen, M.H. 2010. Maine's forest resources, 2006. Res. Note. NRS-51. Newtown Square, PA. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 5 p.
  • McCaskill, G.L.; McWilliams, W.H.; Butler, B.J.; Meneguzzo, D.M.; Barnett, C.J.; Hansen, M.H. 2010. Maine's forest resources, 2007. Res. Note NRS-52. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 4 p.
  • McCaskill, G.L.; McWilliams, W.H.; Butler, B.J.; Meneguzzo, D.M.; Barnett, C.J.; Hansen, M.H. 2010. Maine's forest resources, 2008. Res. Note NRS-53. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 4 p.
  • Lister, T.W.; Perdue, J.; McWilliams, W.; Meneguzzo, D.; Barnett, C.; O'Connell, B. 2010. Maryland's forest resources, 2007. Res. Note NRS-68. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 5 p.
  • Butler, Brett J.; Boyce, Gordon; McWilliams, William; O'Connell, Barbara. 2010. Massachusetts' forest resources, 2007. Res. Note NRS-46. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 5 p.
  • Butler, Brett J.; Boyce, Gordon; McWilliams, William; O'Connell, Barbara. 2010. Massachusetts' forest resources, 2008. Res. Note NRS-47. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 4 p.
  • Morin, R.S.; McCaskill, G.M.; McWilliams, W.; Tansey, M. 2010. New Hampshire's forest resources, 2007. Res. Note NRS-56. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 5 p.
  • Crocker, Susan. J.; McWilliams, William H. 2010. New Jersey's forest resources, 2007. Res. Note NRS-67. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 4 p.
  • Widmann, R.H.; McCaskill, G.L.; McWilliams, W.; Crawford, S. 2010. New York's forest resources, 2006. Res. Note NRS-64. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 5 p.
  • Widmann, R.H.; McCaskill, G.M.; McWilliams, W.; Balser, D. 2010. Ohio's forest resources, 2007. Res. Note NRS-62. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 5 p.
  • Butler, Brett J.; McWilliams, William; O'Connell, Barbara; Payton, Bruce. 2010. Rhode Island's forest resources, 2007. Res. Note NRS-48. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 5 p.
  • Morin, R.S.; McCaskill, G.M.; McWilliams, W.; De Geus, R. 2010. Vermont's forest resources, 2007. Res. Note NRS-54. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 5 p.
  • Widmann, R.H.; McCaskill, G.M.; McWilliams, W.; Cook, G.W. 2010. West Virginia's forest resources, 2007. Res. Note NRS-60. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 5 p.
  • Moser, W. Keith; Barnard, Edward L.; Billings, Ronald F.; Crocker, Susan J.; Dix, Mary Ellen; Gray, Andrew N.; Ice, George G.; Kim, Mee-Sook; Reid, Richard; Rodman, Sue U.; McWilliams, William H. 2009. Impacts of nonnative invasive species on US forests and recommendations for policy and management. Journal of Forestry. 107(6): 320-327.
  • McRoberts, Ronald E.; Reams, Gregory A.; Van Deusen, Paul C.; McWilliams, William H., eds. 2009. Proceedings of the eighth annual forest inventory and analysis symposium. Proceedings of the eighth annual forest inventory and analysis symposium; 2006 October 16-19; Monterey, CA. Gen. Tech. Report WO-79. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 408 p.
  • Moser, W. Keith; Hansen, Mark H.; Nelson, Mark D.; McWilliams, William H. 2009. Relationship of invasive groundcover plant presence to evidence of disturbance in the forests of the upper midwest of the United States. Chapter 3.. In: Kohli, Ravinder Kumar; Jose, Shibu; Singh, Harminder Pal; Batish, Daizy Rani, eds. Invasive plants and forest ecosystems. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press: 29-58.
  • McWilliams, William H. 2008. Pennsylvania's Forest Resources, 2006. Res. Note. NRS-25. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 4 p.
  • Lister, Tonya; Lister, Andrew; McWilliams, William; Riemann, Rachel. 2007. Identifying areas of relative change in forest fragmentation in New Hampshire between 1990 and 2000. In: McRoberts, Ronald E.; Reams, Gregory A.; Van Deusen, Paul C.; McWilliams, William H., eds. Proceedings of the seventh annual forest inventory and analysis symposium; October 3-6, 2005; Portland, ME. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-77. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 89-95.
  • McWilliams, William H.; Cassell, Seth P.; Alerich, Carol L.; Butler, Brett J.; Hoppus, Michael L.; Horsley, Stephen B.; Lister, Andrew J.; Lister, Tonya W.; Morin, Randall S.; Perry, Charles H.; Westfall, James A.; Wharton, Eric H.; Woodall, Christopher W. 2007. Pennsylvania's Forest 2004. Resour. Bull. NRS-20. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 86 p.
  • McRoberts, Ronald E.; Reams, Gregory A.; Van Deusen, Paul C.; McWilliams, William H., eds. 2007. Proceedings of the seventh annual forest inventory and analysis symposium. Gen. Tech. Report WO-77. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 319 p.
  • Roesch, Francis A.; McWilliams, William H. 2007. Searching for American chestnut: the estimation of rare species attributes in a national forest inventory. In: McRoberts, Ronald E.; Reams, Gregory A.; Van Deusen, Paul C.; McWilliams, William H., eds. Proceedings of the seventh annual forest inventory and analysis symposium; October 3-6, 2005; Portland, ME. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-77. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 115-125.
  • Moser, W. Keith; Hansen, Mark; McWilliams, William H.; Sheffield, Raymond M. 2007. Shortleaf pine composition and structure in the United States. In: Kabrick, John M.; Dey, Daniel C.; Gwaze, David, eds. Shortleaf pine restoration and ecology in the Ozarks: proceedings of a symposium; 2006 November 7-9; Springfield, MO. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-15. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 19-27.
  • Moser, W. Keith; Hansen, Mark; McWilliams, Will; Sheffield, Ray. 2006. Oak composition and structure in the eastern United States. In: Dickinson, Matthew B., ed. 2006. Fire in eastern oak forests: delivering science to land managers, proceedings of a conference; 2005 November 15-17; Columbus, OH. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-1. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 49-61.
  • McRoberts, Ronald E.; Reams, Gregory A.; Van Duesen, Paul C.; McWilliams, William H., eds. 2006. Proceedings of the sixth annual forest inventory and analysis symposium. Proceedings of the sixth annual forest inventory and analysis symposium; 2004 September 21-24; Denver, CO. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-70. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service. 126 p.
  • McWilliams, William H.; Bowersox, Todd W.; Brose, Patrick H.; Devlin, Daniel A.; Finley, James C.; Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Horsley, Steve; King, Susan L.; LaPoint, Brian M.; Lister, Tonya W.; McCormick, Larry H.; Miller, Gary W.; Scott, Charles T.; Steele, Harry; Steiner, Kim C.; Stout, Susan L.; Westfall, James A.; White , Robert L. 2005. Measuring Tree Seedlings and Associated Understory Vegetation in Pennsylvania's Forests. In: McRoberts, Ronald E.; Reams, Gregory A.; Van Deusen, Paul C.; McWilliams, William H.; Cieszewski, Chris J., eds. Proceedings of the fourth annual forest inventory and analysis symposium; Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-252. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station. 21-26
  • Lister, Andrew; Riemann, Rachel; Lister, Tonya; McWilliams, Will. 2005. Northeastern Regional Forest Fragmentation Assessment: Rationale, Methods, and Comparisons With Other Studies. In: Proceedings of the fifth annual forest inventory and analysis symposium; 2003 November 18-20; New Orleans, LA. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-69. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service. 222p.
  • McRoberts, Ronald E.; Reams, Gregory A.; Van Deusen, Paul C.; McWilliams, William H., eds. 2005. Proceedings of the fifth annual forest inventory and analysis symposium. Proceedings of the fifth annual forest inventory and analysis symposium; 2003 November 18-20; New Orleans, LA. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-69. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service. 222 p.
  • McRoberts, Ronald E.; Reams, Gregory A; Van Deusen, Paul C.; McWilliams, William H.; Cieszewski, Chris J., eds. 2005. Proceedings of the fourth annual Forest Inventory and Analysis symposium. Proceedings of the fourth annual Forest Inventory and Analysis symposium; 2002 November 19-21; New Orleans, LA. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-252. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station. 257 p.
  • McWilliams, William H.; Butler, Brett J.; Caldwell, Laurence E.; Griffith, Douglas M.; Hoppus, Michael L.; Laustsen, Kenneth M.; Lister, Andrew J.; Lister, Tonya W.; Metzler, Jacob W.; Morin, Randall S.; Sader, Steven A.; Stewart, Lucretia B.; Steinman, James R.; Westfall, James, A.; Williams, David A.; Whitman, Andrew; Woodall, Christopher W. 2005. The forests of Maine: 2003. Resour. Bull. NE-164. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. 188 p.
  • McWilliams, William H.; Alerich, Carol A.; Devlin, Daniel A.; Lister, Andrew J.; Lister, Tonya W.; Sterner, Stephen L.; Westfall, James A. 2004. Annual inventory report for Pennsylvania's forests: results from the first three years. Resour. Bull. NE-159. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. 95 p.
  • Luppold, William; McWilliams, William H. 2004. Avoiding Spurious Conclusions from Forest Service Estimates of Timber Volume, Growth, Removal, and Mortality. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry. 21(4): 194-199.
  • McWilliams, William H.; Bowersox, Todd W.; Brose, Patrick H.; Devlin, Daniel A.; Finley, James C.; Horsley, Steve; Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Lister, Tonya W.; McCormick, Larry H.; Miller, Gary W.; Steiner, Kim C.; Stout, Susan L.; Westfall, James A.; White, Robert L. 2004. Indicators of regenerative capacity for eastern hardwood forests. In: Proceedings, Society of American Foresters 2003 national convention; 2003 October 25-29; Buffalo, NY. Bethesda, MD: Society of American Foresters: 136-140.
  • McWilliams, William H.; Bowersox, Todd W.; Brose, Patrick H.; Devlin, Daniel A.; Finley, James C.; Horsley, Steve; Gottschalk, Kurt W.; King, Susan L.; Lister, Tonya W.; McCormick, Larry H.; Miller, Gary W.; Scott, Charles T.; Steiner, Kim C.; Stout, Susan L.; Westfall, James A.; White, Robert L. 2003. Indicators of regenerative capacity for native broadleaf forests: a case study of ungulate overpopulation in the Eastern United States. In: Congress proceedings, Xii world forestry congress; 2003 September 21-28; Quebec City, Canada. [Place of publication unknown]: [Publisher unknown]: 342.
  • Schmidt, Thomas L.; McWilliams, William H. 2003. Shifts and future trends in the forest resources of the Central Hardwood Region. In: Van Sambeek, J. W.; Dawson, Jeffery O.; Ponder Jr., Felix; Loewenstein, Edward F.; Fralish, James S., eds. Proceedings of the 13th Central Hardwood Forest Conference; Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-234. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station: 21-31
  • Schmidt, Thomas L.; McWilliams, William H. 2003. Shifts and future trends in the forest resources of the Central Hardwood region. General Technical Report NC-234. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station
  • McWilliams, William H.; Alerich, Carol A.; Devlin, Daniel A.; Lister, Tonya W.; Sterner, Stephen L.; Westfall, James A. 2002. Annual inventory report for Pennsylvania's forests: results from the first two years.. Resour. Bull. NE-156. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. 71 p.
  • LeDoux, Chris B.; Sendak, Paul E.; McWilliams, William H.; Huyler, Neil; Malecek, Thomas; Muzzey, Worthen; Jones, Toni. 2001. Timber supply and demand assessment of the Green and White Mountain National Forests' market area. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-280. Newtown Square, PA: Northeastern Research Station. 19 p.
  • McWilliams, William H.; Schmidt, Thomas L. 2000. Composition, structure, and sustainability of hemlock ecosystems in eastern North America. In: McManus, Katherine A.; Shields, Kathleen S.; Souto, Dennis R., eds. Proceedings: Symposium on sustainable management of hemlock ecosystems in eastern North America. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-267. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station: 5-10.
  • McWilliams, William H.; Heath, Linda S.; Reese, Gordon C.; Schmidt, Thomas L. 2000. Forest resources and conditions. In: Mickler, Robert A.; Birdsey, Richard A.; Hom, John, eds. Responses of northern U.S. forests to environmental change. Ecological studies 139. New York: Springer-Verlag: 3-26.
  • McWilliams, William H.; Arner, Stanford L.; Barnett, Charles J. 1997. Summary of mortality statistics and forest health monitoring results for the Northeastern United States. In: Pallardy, Stephen G.; Cecich, Robert A.; Garrett, H. Gene; Johnson, Paul S., eds. Proceedings of the 11th Central Hardwood Forest Conference; Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-188. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station: 59-75
  • McWilliams, William H.; White, Robert; Arner, Stanford L.; Nowak, Christopher, A.; Stout, Susan L. 1996. Characteristics of Declining Forest Stands on the Allegheny National Forest. Res. Note NE-360. Radnor, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 9 p.
  • Worthington, Virginia E.; LeDoux, Chris B.; McWilliams, William H.; Sloan, Hank; Jones, Toni. 1996. Methodology for assessing current timber supplies and product demands. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-226. Radnor, PA: U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 25 p.
  • McWilliams, William H.; Stout, Susan L.; Bowersox, Todd W.; McCormick, Larry H. 1995. Adequacy of Advance Tree-Seedling Regeneration in Pennsylvania's Forests. North. J. Appl. For. 12(4):187-191.
  • Stout, Susan L.; Nowak, Christopher A.; Redding, James A.; White, Robert; McWilliams, William H. 1995. Allegheny National Forest health. In: L. G. Eskew, comp. Forest health through silviculture: proceedings of the 1995 National Silviculture Workshop, Mescalero, New Mexico, May 8-11, 1995. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-GTR-267. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 79-86
  • McWilliams, William H.; Bowersox, Todd W.; Gansner, David A.; McCormick, Larry H.; Stout, Susan L. 1995. Landscape-level regeneration adequacy for native hardwood forests of Pennsylvania. In: Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Fosbroke, Sandra L. C., ed. Proceedings, 10th Central Hardwood Forest Conference; 1995 March 5-8; Morgantown, WV.: Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-197. Radnor, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 196-203
  • McWilliams, W. H.; Stout, S. L.; Bowersox, T. W.; McCormick, L. H. 1993. An assessment of advance regeneration and herbaceous communities in Pennsylvania forests. In: Gillespie, Andrew R.; Parker, George R.; Pope, Phillip E.; Rink, George: eds. Proceedings of the 9th Central Hardwood Forest Conference; Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-161. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station: 489
  • Birch, T. W.; Gansner, D. A.; McWilliams, W. H. 1993. Central hardwood forests: recent trends in a robust resource. In: Gillespie, Andrew R.; Parker, George R.; Pope, Phillip E.; Rink, George: eds. Proceedings of the 9th Central Hardwood Forest Conference; Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-161. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station: 8-16
  • McWilliams, W. H.; Riemann Hershey, R.; Drake, D. A.; Alerich, C. L. 1993. Characterizing forest composition of the Allegheny Mountains using extensive forest inventory data. In: Gillespie, Andrew R.; Parker, George R.; Pope, Phillip E.; Rink, George: eds. Proceedings of the 9th Central Hardwood Forest Conference; Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-161. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station: 490

Last Modified: 02/15/2012