Richard Birdsey
Title: Program Manager
Unit: Climate, Fire, and Carbon Cycle Sciences
Address: Northern Research Station
11 Campus Blvd., Suite 200
Newtown Square, PA 19073
Phone: 610-557-4091
E-mail: Contact Richard Birdsey
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Education
- 1971 - B.S. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute - Anthropology
- 1975 - M.S. State University of New York - World Forestry (Economics)
- 1989 - Ph.D. State University of New York - Forest Management (Quantitative Methods)
Civic & Professional Affiliations
Society of American Foresters
Ecological Society of America
International Union of Forest Research Organizations
Current Research
As manager of the Forest Service's Northern Global Change Research Program, I coordinate a national effort to identify forest management strategies to increase carbon sequestration, and help forests and forest managers adapt to a changing climate. I am the lead investigator on a grant from NASA to help develop decision-support for carbon management. I am a specialist in quantitative methods for large-scale inventory and monitoring programs, and have pioneered the development of methods to estimate national carbon budgets for forest lands from forest inventory data. Recently I have compiled and published estimates of historical and prospective North American forest carbon sources and sinks, and analyzed options for increasing the role of U.S. forests as carbon sinks.
Why is This Important
Forest landscapes are changing because of climate, land use, and other environmental changes. These changes affect forest ecosystems that people depend upon for clean air and water, forest products, biological diversity, and recreation. To sustain these ecosystem services, we need to (1) manage our forest resources to provide this array of ecosystem goods and services under increasing environmental stress and a changing climate; (2) determine the current and potential role of northern forests in mitigating climate change by removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere; storing it in biomass, soils, and wood products; and using biomass as a substitute for fossil fuel; and (3) develop long-term management strategies that optimize the role of northern temperate forests in sequestering carbon while maintaining production of goods and services under increasing threats.
Featured Publications
- Zhang, Fangmin; Chen, Jing M.; Pan, Yude; Birdsey, Richard A.; Shen, Shuanghe; Ju, Weimin; He, Liming. 2012. Attributing carbon changes in conterminous U.S. forests to disturbance and non-disturbance factors from 1901 to 2010. Journal of Geophysical Research. 1: G02021. 1-18.
- Brandt, Leslie; Swanston, Chris; Parker, Linda; Janowiak, Maria; Birdsey, Richard; Iverson, Louis; Mladenoff, David; Butler, Patricia. 2012. Climate change science applications and needs in forest ecosystem management: a workshop organized as part of the northern Wisconsin Climate Change Response Framework Project. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-GTR-95. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 53 p.
- Hayes, Daniel J.; Turner, David P.; Stinson, Graham; Mcguire, A. David; Wei, Yaxing; West, Tristram O.; Heath, Linda S.; Dejong, Bernardus; McConkey, Brian G.; Birdsey, Richard A.; Kurz, Werner A.; Jacobson, Andrew R.; Huntzinger, Deborah N.; Pan, Yude; Post, W. Mac; Cook, Robert B. 2012. Reconciling estimates of the contemporary North American carbon balance among terrestrial biosphere models, atmospheric inversions, and a new approach for estimating net ecosystem exchange from inventory-based data. Global Change Biology. 18: 1282-1299.
- He, Liming; Chen, Jing M.; Pan, Yude; Birdsey, Richard; Kattge, Jens. 2012. Relationships between net primary productivity and forest stand age in U.S. forests. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 26(GB3009). doi:10.1029/2010GB003942.
- Pan, Yude; Birdsey, Richard A.; Fang, Jingyun; Houghton, Richard; Kauppi, Pekka E.; Kurz, Werner A.; Phillips, Oliver L.; Shvidenko, Anatoly; Lewis, Simon L.; Canadell, Josep G.; Ciais, Philippe; Jackson, Robert B.; Pacala, Stephen W.; McGuire, A. David; Piao, Shilong; Rautiainen, Aapo; Sitch, Stephen; Hayes, Daniel. 2011. A large and persistent carbon sink in the world's forests. Science. 333: 988-993.
Additional
Online Publications
- McKinley, Duncan C.; Ryan, Michael G.; Birdsey, Richard A.; Giardina, Christian P.; Harmon, Mark E.; Heath, Linda S.; Houghton, Richard A.; Jackson, Robert B.; Morrison, James F.; Murray, Brian C.; Pataki, Diane E.; Skog, Kenneth E. 2011. A synthesis of current knowledge on forests and carbon storage in the United States. Ecological Applications. 21(6): 1902-1924.
- Pan, Y.; Chen, J.M.; Birdsey, R.; McCullough, K.; He, L.; Deng, F. 2011. Age structure and disturbance legacy of North American forests. Biogeosciences. 8: 715-732.
- Birdsey, Richard; Pan, Yude. 2011. Ecology: Drought and dead trees. Nature Climate Change. 1: 444-445.
- He, Liming; Chen, Jing M.; Zhang, Shaoliang; Gomez, Gustavo; Pan, Yude; McCullough, Kevin; Birdsey, Richard; Masek, Jeffrey G. 2011. Normalized algorithm for mapping and dating forest disturbances and regrowth for the United States. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. 13: 236-245.
- Ryan, Michael G.; Harmon, Mark E.; Birdsey, Richard A.; Giardina, Christian P.; Heath, Linda S.; Houghton, Richard A.; Jackson, Robert B.; McKinley, Duncan C.; Morrison, James F.; Murray, Brian C.; Pataki, Diane E.; Skog, Kenneth E. 2010. A synthesis of the science on forests and carbon for U.S. Forests. Issues In Ecology 13:1-16.
- Pan, Y.; Chen, J.M.; Birdsey, R.; McCullough, K.; He, L.; Deng, F. 2010. Age structure and disturbance legacy of North American forests. Biogeoscience Discussions. 7: 979-1020.
- Hines, Sarah J.; Heath, Linda S.; Birdsey, Richard A. 2010. An annotated bibliography of scientific literature on managing forests for carbon benefits. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-57. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 49 p. [Includes CD-ROM].
- Birdsey, Richard; Bates, Nick; Behrenfeld, MIke; Davis, Kenneth; Doney, Scott C.; Feely, Richard; Hansell, Dennis; Heath, Linda; et al. 2009. Carbon cycle observations: gaps threaten climate mitigation policies. Eos. 90(34): 292-293.
- Bradford, John B.; Bradford, John B.; Weishampel, Peter; Smith, Marie-Louise; Smith, Marie-Louise; Kolka, Randall; Kolka, Randall; Birdsey, Richard A.; Birdsey, Richard A.; Ollinger, Scott V.; Ryan, Michael G. 2009. Detrital carbon pools in temperate forests: magnitude and potential for landscape-scale assessment. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 39: 802-813.
- Pan, Yude; Birdsey, Richard; Hom, John; McCullough, Kevin. 2009. Separating effects of changes in atmospheric composition, climate and land-use on carbon sequestration of U.S. mid-Atlantic temperate forests. Forest Ecology and Management. 259: 151-164.
- Post, Wilfred M.; Amonette, James E.; Birdsey, Richard; Garten, Charles T. Jr.; Izaurralde, R. Cesar; Jardine, Philip; Jastrow, Julie; Lal, Rattan; Marland, Gregg. 2009. Terrestrial biological carbon sequestration: science for enhancement and implementation. In: McPherson, Brian P.; Sundquist, Eric T.; eds. Carbon Sequestration and Its Role in the Global Carbon Cycle. Geophysical Monograph Series 183. American Geophysical Union. Devon, UK: 73-88.
- Murdock, Peter S.; Jenkins, Jennifer C.; Birdsey, Richard A. 2008. 1.0 Executive summary. In: Murdoch, Peter S.; Jenkins, Jennifer C.; Birdsey, Richard A. The Delaware River Basin Collaborative Environmental Monitoring and Research Initiative. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-25. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 1-15.
- Murdoch, Peter S.; Jenkins, Jennifer C.; Birdsey, Richard A. 2008. 2.0 Introduction to the Delaware River Basin pilot study. In: Murdoch, Peter S.; Jenkins, Jennifer C.; Birdsey, Richard A. The Delaware River Basin Collaborative Environmental Monitoring and Research Initiative. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-25. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 16-23.
- Jenkins, Jennifer C.; Murdoch, Peter S.; Birdsey, Richard A.; Hom , John L. 2008. 4.0 Measuring and monitoring forest carbon stocks and fluxes. In: Murdoch, Peter S.; Jenkins, Jennifer C.; Birdsey, Richard A. The Delaware River Basin Collaborative Environmental Monitoring and Research Initiative. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-25. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 32-40.
- Murdoch, Peter S.; Jenkins, Jennifer C.; Birdsey, Richard A. 2008. 9.0 Conclusions. In: Murdoch, Peter S.; Jenkins, Jennifer C.; Birdsey, Richard A. The Delaware River Basin Collaborative Environmental Monitoring and Research Initiative. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-25. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 83.
- Bosworth, Dale; Birdsey, Richard; Joyce, Linda; Millar, Constance. 2008. Climate Change and the Nation's Forests: Challenges and Opportunities. Journal of Forestry 106(4):214-221
- Pan, Yude; Birdsey, Richard; Chen, Jing; McCullough, kevin. 2008. Forest carbon changes of the United States in response to impacts of disturbances, succession, climate variability and atmospheric chemistry. In: Proceedings of the International Conference of IUFRO-8.01.02 Landscape Ecology: 136-137.
- Ryan, M.G.; Archer, S.R.; Birdsey, R.A.; Dahm, C.N.; Heath, L.S.; Hicke, J.A.; Hollinger, D.Y.; Huxman, T.E.; Okin, G.S.; Oren, R.; Randerson, J.T.; Schlesinger, W.H. 2008. Land resources: forests and arid lands. In: Janetos, T.; Schimel, D., eds. The effects of climate change on agriculture, land resources, water resources, and biodiversity. SAP 4-3. U.S. Climate Change Science Program, Washington, DC, USA: 75-120.
- Bradford, John B.; Weishampel, Peter; Smith, Marie-Louise; Kolka, Randall; Hollinger, David Y.; Birdsey, Richard A.; Ollinger, Scott; Ryan, Michael. 2008. Landscape-scale carbon sampling strategy-lessons learned. Chapter 17. In: Hoover, Coeli M., ed. Field measurements for forest carbon monitoring: A landscape-scale approach. New York, NY: Springer Science + Business Media: 227-238.
- Potter, Chris; Birdsey, Richard. 2008. Study site characterization. Chapter 2. In: Hoover, Coeli M., ed. Field measurements for forest carbon monitoring: A landscape-scale approach. New York, NY: Springer Science + Business Media: 17-26.
- Murdoch, Peter S.; Jenkins, Jennifer C.; Birdsey, Richard A. 2008. The Delaware River Basin Collaborative Environmental Monitoring and Research Initiative: Foundation Document. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-25. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. Executive summary, 15 p.; online foundation document, 93 p.
- Bradford, J.B.; Birdsey, R.A.; Joyce, L.A.; Ryan, M.G. 2008. Tree age, disturbance history, and carbon stocks and fluxes in subalpine Rocky Mountain forests. Global Change Biology. 14: 2882-2897.
- Birdsey, Richard A.; Cook, Robert; Denning, Scott; Griffith, Peter; Law, Beverly; Masek, Jeffrey; Michalak, Anna; Ogle, Stephen; Ojima, Dennis; Pan, Yude; Sabine, Christopher; Sheffner, Edwin; Sundquist, Eric. 2007. Investigators share improved understanding of the North American carbon cycle. American Geophysical Union. 88(24): 255.
- Pearson, Timothy R.H.; Brown, Sandra L.; Birdsey, Richard A. 2007. Measurement guidelines for the sequestration of forest carbon. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-18. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 42 p.
- Pan, Yude; Birdsey, Richard; Hom, John; McCullough, Kevin. 2007. Modeling complex effects of multiple environmental stresses on carbon dynamics of Mid-Atlantic temperate forests. In: Book of abstracts. The U.S. North American Carbon Program (NACP) Investigators, NACP All Scientists Meeting; 2007 January 22-24; Colorado Springs, CO. 58-59.
- Birdsey, Richard A.; Jenkins, Jennifer C.; Johnston, Mark; Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth; Amiro, Brian; de Jong, Ben; Etchevers Barra, Jorge D.; French, Nancy; Garcia-Oliva, Felipe; Harmon, Mark; Heath, Linda S.; Jaramillo, Victor J.; Johnsen, Kurt; Law, Beverly E.; Marin-Spiotta, Erika; Masera, Omar; Neilson, Ronald; Pan, Yude; Pregitzer, Kurt S. 2007. North American forests. In: King, A.W.; Dilling, L.; Zimmerman, G.P.; Fairman, D.M.; Houghton, R.A.; Marland, G.; Rose, A.Z.; Wilbanks, T.J., eds. The First State of the Carbon Cycle Report (SOCCR): The North American Carbon Budget and Implications for the Global Carbon Cycle. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC: 117-126, 173-176.
- Pacala, Stephen; Birdsey, Richard A.; Bridgham, Scott D.; Conant, Richard T.; Davis, Kenneth; Hales, Burke; Houghton, Richard A.; Jenkins, Jennifer C.; Johnston, Mark; Marland, Gregg; Paustian, Keith; Caspersen, John; Socolow, Robert; Tol, Richard S. 2007. The North American carbon budget past and present. In: King, A.W.; Dilling, L.; Zimmerman, G.P.; Fairman, D.M.; Houghton, R.A.; Marland, G.; Rose, A.Z.; Wilbanks, T.J., eds. The First State of the Carbon Cycle Report (SOCCR): The North American Carbon Budget and Implications for the Global Carbon Cycle. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC: 29-36, 167-170.
- Birdsey, Richard A. 2006. Carbon accounting rules and guidelines for the United States Forest Sector. Journal of Environmental Quality 35:1518-1524
- Birdsey, Richard A.; Pregitzer, Kurt; Lucier, Alan. 2006. Forest carbon management in the United States: 1600-2100. Journal of Environmental Quality 35:1461-1469
- Pan, Yude; Birdsey, Richard; Hom, John; McCullough, Kevin; Clark, Kenneth. 2006. Improved estimates of net primary productivity from MODIS satellite data at regional and local scales. Ecological Applications.
- Smith, James E.; Heath, Linda S.; Skog, Kenneth E.; Birdsey, Richard A. 2006. Methods for calculating forest ecosystem and harvested carbon with standard estimates for forest types of the United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-343. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. 216 p.
- Jenkins, Jennifer C.; Chojnacky, David C.; Heath, Linda S.; Birdsey, Richard A. 2004. Comprehensive database of diameter-based biomass regressions for North American tree species. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-319. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. 45 p. [1 CD-ROM].
- Birdsey, Richard. 2004. Data gaps for monitoring forest carbon in the United States: an inventory perspective. Environmental Management Vol. 33, Supplement 1, pp. S1-S8.
- Pan, Yude; Hom, John; Birdsey, Richard; Mccullough, Kevin. 2004. Impacts of Rising Nitrogen Deposition on N Exports from Forests to Surface Waters in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed. Environmental Management. 33: S120-S131.
- Pan, Yude; Hom, John; Jenkins, Jennifer; Birdsey, Richard. 2004. Importance of Foliar Nitrogen Concentration to Predict Forest Productivity in the Mid-Atlantic Region. Forest Science. 50(3): 279-289.
- Stolte, Kenneth; Murdoch, Peter; Jenkins, Jennifer; Birdsey, Richard; Evans, Richard. 2004. Multi-scale evaluation of watershed health in the Delaware River basin and CEMRI. In: Renard, Kenneth G.; McElroy, Stephen A.; Gburek, William J.; Canfield, H. Evan; Scott, Russell L., eds. First interagency conference on research in the watersheds; 2003 October 27-30; Benson, AZ. Tucson, AZ: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southwest Watershed Research Center: 235-241.
- Pan, Yude; Luo, Tianxiang; Birdsey, Richard; Hom, John; Melillo, Jerry. 2004. New estimates of carbon storage and sequestration in China's forests: effects of age-class and methods on inventory-based carbon estimation. Climatic Change. 67: 211-236.
- Alexeyev V.A.; Markov M.V.; Birdsey, R.A. 2004. Statistical data on forest fund of Russia and changing of forest productivity in the second half of XX century. St. Petersburg Forest Ecological Center. 272 p.
- Birdsey, R.A.; Lewis, G.M. 2003. Carbon in U.S. forests and wood products, 1987-1997: state-by-state estimates. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-310. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. 42 p.
- Heath, Linda S.; Smith, James E.; Birdsey, Richard A. 2003. Carbon trends in U.S. forestlands: a context for the role of soils in forest carbon sequestration. In: Kimble, J.M.; Heath, Linda S.; Birdsey, Richard A.; Lal, R., eds. The potential of U.S. forest soils to sequester carbon and mitigate the greenhouse effect. Boca Raton: CRC Press: 35-45.
- Williams, David W.; Birdsey, Richard A. 2003. Historical patterns of spruce budworm defoliation and bark beetle outbreaks in North American conifer forests: an atlas and description of digital maps. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-308. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. 33 p.
- Jenkins, Jennifer C.; Chojnacky, David C.; Heath, Linda S.; Birdsey, Richard A. 2003. National scale biomass estimators for United States tree species. Forest Science. 49: 12-35
- Birdsey, R.; Hollinger, D.; Heath, L.; Hoover, C.; Kolka, R.; Smith, M. L.; Ryan, M. 2003. Pilot Studies for Enhanced Forest Land Measurement. North American Carbon Program, NACP_Intensive_WP_004. 9 p.
- Heath, Linda S.; Kimble, John M.; Birdsey, Richard A.; Lal, Rattan. 2003. The potential of U.S. forest soils to sequester carbon. In: Kimble, J.M.; Heath, Linda S.; Birdsey, Richard A.; Lal, R., eds. The potential of U.S. forest soils to sequester carbon and mitigate the greenhouse effect. Boca Raton: CRC Press: 385-394.
- Goodale, Christine L.; Apps, Michael J.; Birdsey, Richard A.; Field , Christopher B.; Heath, Linda S.; Houghton, Richard A.; Jenkins, Jennifer C.; Kohlmaier, Gundolf H.; Kurz, Werner; Liu, Shirong; Nabuurs, Gert-Jan; Nilsson, Sten; Shvidenko, Anatoly Z. 2002. Forest carbon sinks in the Northern Hemisphere. Ecological Applications. 12(3): 891-899.
- Heath, L. S.; Birdsey, R. A.; Williams, D. W. 2002. Methodology for estimating soil carbon for the forest carbon budget model of the United States, 2001. Environmental Pollution. 116: 373-380.
- Hoover, Coeli M.; Birdsey, Richard A.; Heath, Linda S.; Stout, Susan L. 2000. How to estimate carbon sequestration on small forest tracts estimate carbon sequestration on small forest tracts. Journal of Forestry. September: 13-19.
- Birdsey, Richard A.; Mickler, Robert A.; Hom, John; Heath, Linda S. 2000. Summary of prospective global change impacts on northern U.S. forest ecosystems. In: Mickler, Robert A.; Birdsey, Richard A.; Hom, John, eds. Responses of northern U.S. forests to environmental change. Ecological studies 139. New York: Springer-Verlag: 543-568.
- Eav, Bov B.; Birdsey, Richard A.; Heath, Linda S. 2000. The Kyoto Protocol and forestry practices in the United States. In: Proceedings of the XXI IUFRO World Congress: Forests and society: the role of research, sub-plenary sessions, vol. 1. 2000 August 7-12; Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. [Place of publication unknown]: [Publisher unknown]: 556-576.
- Jenkins, Jennifer C.; Birdsey, Richard A. 2000. Validation databases for simulation models: aboveground biomass and net primary productive, (NPP) estimation using eastwide FIA data. In: Hansen, Mark; Burk, Tom, eds. Integrated tools for natural resources inventories in the 21st century. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-212. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. 515-524.
- Alexeyev, V.A.; Birdsey, R.A.; [Editors]. 1998. Carbon storage in forests and peatlands of Russia. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-244. Radnor, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. 137 p.
- Birdsey, Richard; Mickler, Robert; Sandberg, David; Tinus, Richard; Zerbe, John; O'Brian, Kelly; [Editors]. 1997. USDA Forest Service Global Change Research Program Highlights: 1991-1995 : Effects of Global Change . Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-237. Radnor, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 93-122 p.
- Birdsey, Richard; Mickler, Robert; Sandberg, David; Tinus, Richard; Zerbe, John; O'Brian, Kelly; [Editors]. 1997. USDA Forest Service Global Change Research Program Highlights: 1991-1995 : Global/Products/Review. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-237. Radnor, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 41-92 p.
- Birdsey, Richard; Mickler, Robert; Sandberg, David; Tinus, Richard; Zerbe, John; O'Brian, Kelly; [Editors]. 1997. USDA Forest Service Global Change Research Program Highlights: 1991-1995 : Introduction/Research/Global. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-237. Radnor, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 1-40 p.
- Heath, Linda S.; Birdsey, Richard A.; Row, Clark; Plantinga, Andrew J. 1996. Carbon pools and flux in U.S. forest products. In: Apps, M.J.; Price, D.T., eds. Forest ecosystems, forest management, and the global carbon cycle. NATO ASI Series I: global environmental changes, volume 40. [Place of publication unknown]: Springer Verlag: 271-278.
- Hom, John; Birdsey, Richard; O'Brian, Kelly; eds. 1996. Proceedings, 1995 meeting of the Northern Global Change Program; 1995 March 14-16; Pittsburgh, PA. : Introduction/Environmental Change . Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-214. Radnor, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 238 p.
- Birdsey, Richard A.; Hom, John L.; Emery, Marla. 1996. The northern global change research program. In: Hom, John; Birdsey, Richard; O'Brian, Kelly, eds. Proceedings 1995 meeting of the northern global change program; Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-214. Radnor, PA: U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station: 1-6.
- Birdsey, R.A.; Heath, L.S. 1995. 4. Carbon Changes in U.S. Forests. In: Joyce, L.A., ed. Productivity of America's Forests and Climate Change. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-GTR-271. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest Experiment Station: 56-70.
- Birdsey, Richard A. 1992. Carbon storage and accumulation in United States forest ecosystems. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-59. Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington Office. 51p.
Last Modified:
02/15/2012