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Factors Affecting Outcomes: Demographic Subgroups

Factors Affecting Outcomes: Pre-existing Disease

Factors Affecting Outcomes: Concomitant Medication Use

This figure places the key questions on an analytic framework showing the essential decisional points between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and response to treatment for depression. After experiencing a TBI, an individual may be screened for depression at some point. The timing and method of screening constitute one aspect of the research question for this review. Individuals with a diagnosis of depression may then be treated with one or more of the following: psychotropic medications, individual/group psychotherapy, neuropsychological and community-based rehabilitation, complementary or alternative medicine, or neuromodulation therapies. Use of these treatments may result in both short-term and long-term outcomes, such as change in symptom status, harms, need for additional treatment, improvements in quality of life and activities of daily living, and recurrence of symptoms. The risk of an individual for both TBI and depression are influenced by demographics such as age, gender, and occupation. The timing of treatment for TBI, depression screening and treatment, and the outcomes of treatment are all influenced by timing of care initiation, severity of TBI and any concomitant physical injuries, presence of social support, and mental status. Provider factors, such as specialty and experience, the content of the care received, insurance coverage, and organization of services related to treatment for TBI and depression also influence screening, treatment, and outcomes.

Capturing the Context

Antinuclear Antibody, Rheumatoid Factor, and Cyclic-Citrullinated Peptide Testing for the Evaluation of Musculoskeletal Complaints in Pediatric Populations

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