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Below are print-friendly
files offered in Portable Document Format. Click on highlighted text to
download. These printer-friendly articles are also available at the end
of each html article.
How to view PDF
files // View
the Entire July/August 2002 Issue in PDF (14.4MB)
The Outlook Is for Warming, with Measurable Local Effects
(pdf
file, 3MB)
Livermore scientists are examining some of the causes of global climate
change and its localized effects. One team has used sophisticated climate
models to separate the effects of recent major volcanic eruptions and
El Niños from other causes of climate change. These scientists
identified the fingerprints of explosive volcanoes and El Niño
ocean warming and factored them out of mean global climate data for 1979
to 1999. The research results indicate that cooling caused by major eruptions
in Mexico and the Philippines in 1982 and 1991, respectively, has masked
some of the warming brought about by human activities. At the same time,
another team has brought the highest resolution yet to climate modeling,
revealing regional effects accurately for the first time. The team performed
global and local simulations using models with resolutions of 75 and even
50 kilometers. The former state of the art used 300-kilometer-resolution
models.
How Metals Fail
(pdf
file, 3MB)
The Laboratorys national security missions require an understanding
of how metals respond to the sudden shock waves and subsequent high-strain-rate
deformations caused by high explosives. However, the current ability to
predict how and when metals will dynamically fail is inadequate. Computational
models need to reflect in detail how cracks form, evolve, and lead to
the failure of a part. Such models are required for the National Nuclear
Security Administrations Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASCI)
program. The results of a wide range of Livermore experiments are supporting
the construction of advanced computer models of how metals crack and ultimately
fail. As part of ASCI, the new models will help to assure nuclear weapon
safety and reliability. The models will also advance nonnuclear military
applications, such as shaped charges and armor-defeating projectiles.
Converting data to Decisions (pdf
file, 4.6MB)
A new
statistical method executed on supercomputers is bridging the gap between
complex data and usable information.
Knowing the Enemy, Anticipating the Threat (pdf
file, 2.5MB)
The
Laboratorys charter to counter the nuclear threat has evolved
over the years and now includes intelligence analysis and technology
to understand and counter biological and chemical threats.
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July 12, 2002
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