Helianthus annuus

Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens only. View county names and source herbaria by placing the mouse cursor over a particular county.

Family:	ASTERACEAE
Species:	Helianthus annuus L.
Common Name:	COMMON SUNFLOWER
Plant Notes:	**
Status:	Not Native, FAC- (NWI)

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

Family	ASTERACEAE
Genus	Helianthus
Species	Helianthus annuus L. - COMMON SUNFLOWER

Citation

Citation	HELIANTHUS ANNUUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 904. 1753.
Basionym:	**
Type:	Without data (lectotype: Tabernaemontanus, Eicones Pl. 793, "Corona solis I". 1590). Lectotypified by C. Jeffrey, Bot. Mag. 182: 33. 1978.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Source

County	Herbaria	Literature Citation (If Applicable)
Broward	USF
Citrus	FLAS
Collier	USF
Duval	FLAS
Franklin	FLAS
Gadsden	USF
Hillsborough	USF
Lake	FLAS
Lee	USF
Leon	FSU
Manatee	USF
Marion	FLAS
Miami-Dade	FLAS
Monroe Keys	FTG
Pasco	USF
Polk	FLAS
Santa Rosa	FLAS
Sarasota	USF
St. Lucie	FTG
Walton	UWFP

Synonyms

– Denotes synonyms that are applicable to the state. Show these synonyms only

Synonym	Full Citation	Basionym	Type
Helianthus platycephalus	Helianthus platycephalus Cassini, in Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat. 20: 352. 1821, nom. illegit.	BASIONYM: Helianthus annuus Linnaeus 1753.
Helianthus annuus forma fallax	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, forma fallax B. Boivin, Naturaliste Canad. 87: 35. 1960.		TYPE: CANADA: Saskatchewan: Assinniboia: Forget, 28 Aug 1949, Boivin & Breitung 6940 (holotype: DAO).
Helianthus annuus forma lenticularis	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, forma lenticularis (Douglas ex Lindley) B. Boivin, Naturaliste Canad. 87: 35. 1960.	BASIONYM: Helianthus lenticularis Douglas ex Lindley 1829.
Helianthus annuus forma silvester	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, forma silvester Thellung, Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 64: 799. 1919.		TYPE: SWITZERLAND:
Helianthus annuus subsp. jaegeri	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, subsp. jaegeri (Heiser) Heiser, Contr. Dudley Herb. 4: 317. 1955.	BASIONYM: Helianthus jaegeri Heiser 1948.
Helianthus annuus subsp. lenticularis	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, subsp. lenticularis (Douglas ex Lindley) Cockerell, Science, ser. 2. 40: 284. 1914; Amer. Naturalist 49: 611. 1915.	BASIONYM: Helianthus lenticularis Douglas ex Lindley 1829.
Helianthus annuus subsp. texanus	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, subsp. texanus Heiser, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 51: 299. 1954.		TYPE: TEXAS: Uvalde Co.: Frio River W of Knippa, 17 Jul 1949, Heiser 3062 (holotype: IND).
Helianthus annuus var. apicalis	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, var. apicalis Cockerell, Gard. Chron., ser. 3. 64: 186. 1918.
Helianthus annuus var. aridus	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, var. aridus (Rydberg) Cockerell, Amer. Naturalist 49: 611. 1915.	BASIONYM: Helianthus aridus Rydberg 1905.
Helianthus annuus var. basalis	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, var. basalis Cockerell, Gard. Chron., ser. 3. 64: 186. 1918.
Helianthus annuus var. chloranthus	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, var. chloranthus Alefeld, Landw. Fl. 172. 1866.
Helianthus annuus var. chrysanthemoides	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, var. chrysanthemoides Cockerell, Amer. Naturalist 49: 617. 1915.		TYPE: COLORADO:
Helianthus annuus var. convolutus	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, var. convolutus Cockerell, Gard. Chron., ser. 3. 64: 186. 1918.
Helianthus annuus var. coronatus	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, var. coronatus Cockerell, Science, ser. 2. 32: 384. 1910.		TYPE: COLORADP: Boulder Co.: Near Boulder,
Helianthus annuus var. dilutus	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, var. dilutus Cockerell, Gard. Chron., ser. 3. 64: 186. 1918.
Helianthus annuus var. flavobasis	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, var. flavobasis Cockerell, Gard. Chron., ser. 3. 64: 186. 1918.
Helianthus annuus var. haageanus	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, var. haageanus Alefeld, Landw. Fl. 172. 1866.
Helianthus annuus var. indicus	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, var. indicus (Linnaeus) de Candolle, Prodr. 5: 585. 1836.	BASIONYM: Helianthus indicus Linnaeus 1753.
Helianthus annuus var. latibasis	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, var. latibasis Cockerell, Gard. Chron., ser. 3. 64: 186. 1918.
Helianthus annuus var. lenticularis	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, var. lenticularis (Douglas ex Lindley) Steyermark, Rhodora 62: 132. 1960.	BASIONYM: Helianthus lenticularis Douglas ex Lindley 1829.
Helianthus annuus var. macrocarpus	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, var. macrocarpus (de Candolle) Cockerell, Science, ser. 2. 40: 409. 1914.	BASIONYM: Helianthus macrocarpus de Candolle 1840.
Helianthus annuus var. macrophyllus	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, var. macrophyllus Alefeld, Landw. Fl. 172. 1866.
Helianthus annuus var. niger	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, var. niger Cockerell, Science, ser. 2. 40: 708. 1914.
Helianthus annuus var. pallescens	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, var. pallescens Cockerell, Gard. Chron., ser. 3. 64: 186. 1918.
Helianthus annuus var. passiflora	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, var. passiflora Cockerell, Gard. Chron., ser. 3. 64: 186. 1918.
Helianthus annuus var. plenus	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, var. plenus Alefeld, Landw. Fl. 172. 1866.
Helianthus annuus var. praecox	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, var. praecox Alefeld, Landw. Fl. 172. 1866.
Helianthus annuus var. primulinus	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, var. primulinus Cockerell, Science, ser. 2. 38: 312. 1913.
Helianthus annuus var. pumilus	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, var. pumilus de Candolle, Prodr. 5: 585. 1836.
Helianthus annuus var. reversus	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, var. reversus Cockerell, Gard. Chron., ser. 3. 64: 186. 1918.
Helianthus annuus var. revolutus	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, var. revolutus Cockerell, Gard. Chron., ser. 3. 64: 186. 1918.
Helianthus annuus var. ruberrimus	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, var. ruberrimus Cockerell, Science, ser. 2. 40: 708. 1914.
Helianthus annuus var. selene	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, var. selene Cockerell, Science, ser. 2. 40: 284. 1914.
Helianthus annuus var. semivinosus	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, var. semivinosus Cockerell, Gard. Chron., ser. 3. 64: 186. 1918.
Helianthus annuus var. simplex	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, var. simplex Alefeld, Landw. Fl. 172. 1866.
Helianthus annuus var. striatiflorus	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, var. striatiflorus Alefeld, Landw. Fl. 172. 1866.
Helianthus annuus var. sulfureus	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, var. sulfureus Alefeld, Landw. Fl. 172. 1866.
Helianthus annuus var. texanus	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, var. texanus (Heiser) Shinners, Sida 1: 377. 1964.	BASIONYM: Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, subsp. texanus Heiser 1954.
Helianthus annuus var. tortuosus	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, var. tortuosus Cockerell, Science, ser. 2. 38: 313. 1913.
Helianthus annuus var. trizonatus	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, var. trizonatus Cockerell, Gard. Chron., ser. 3. 64: 186. 1918.
Helianthus annuus var. vinosissimus	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, var. vinosissimus Cockerell, Science, ser. 2. 40: 709. 1914.
Helianthus annuus var. vinosus	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, var. vinosus Cockerell, Science, ser. 2. 38: 313. 1913.
Helianthus annuus var. vulgaris	Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, var. vulgaris Alefeld, Landw. Fl. 172. 1866.
Helianthus aridus	Helianthus aridus Rydberg, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32: 127. 1905.		TYPE: MONTANA: Cascade Co.: Great Falls, 1885, Anderson s.n. (holotype: NY?).
Helianthus cirrhoides	Helianthus cirrhoides Lehmann, Hamburger Garten-Blumenzeitung 8: 458. 1852.
Helianthus colossus	Helianthus colossus Kunze, in Otto & A. Dietrich, Allg. Gartenzeitung 7: 43. 1839.
Helianthus erythrocarpus	Helianthus erythrocarpus Bartling, Linnaea 14(Litt. Ber.): 125. 1840.
Helianthus grandiflorus	Helianthus grandiflorus Wenderoth, Index Sem. Hort. Acad. Marburg. 1835; Linnaea 11(Litt.): 92. 1837, non Jussieu ex Persoon 1807.
Helianthus indicus	Helianthus indicus Linnaeus, Mant. Pl. 117. 1767.		TYPE: Cult. in Egypt, without data (lectotype: Tabernaemontanus, New Vollk. Kraeuterb. 1147. 1664). Lectotypified by Reveal, in C. E. Jarvis & Turland, Taxon 47: 362. 1998.
Helianthus jaegeri	Helianthus jaegeri Heiser, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 75: 513. 1948.		TYPE: CALIFORNIA: San Bernardino Co.: Near Soda on Soda Dry Lake, 25 Sep 1946, Jaeger s.n. (holotype: POM).
Helianthus lenticularis	Helianthus lenticularis Douglas ex Lindley, Edward's Bot. Reg. 15: pl. 1265. 1829.
Helianthus lenticularis var. primulinus	Helianthus lenticularis Douglas ex Lindley, var. primulinus Cockerell, Science, ser. 2. 40: 284. 1914.
Helianthus lindheimerianus	Helianthus lindheimerianus Scheele, Linnaea 22: 159. 1849.		TYPE: TEXAS:
Helianthus macrocarpus	Helianthus macrocarpus de Candolle, Mém. Soc. Phys. Nat. Gèneve 7: not. 8. 1840.
Helianthus ovatus	Helianthus ovatus Lehmann, Index Sem. Hort. Hamburt 16. 1828.
Helianthus tubaeformis	Helianthus tubaeformis Nuttall, Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 177. 1818, non Ortega 1800.

Listed Status: Florida

Listed Status:	(Florida):Source - Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Chapter 5B-40, Florida Administrative Code. 1998, amended.
Endangered:	A species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state, the survival of which is unlikely if the causes of a decline in the number of plants continue, and includes all species determined to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Threatened:	Listed as Threatened Plants in the Preservation of Native Flora of Florida Act. Defined as species of plants native to the state that are in rapid decline in the number of plants within the state, but which have not so decreased in such number as to cause them to be endangered.

Listed Status: US

Listed Status: US	(U.S.) Source - List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
Endangered:	Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Threatened:	Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

WAP: Wetland AssessmentProcedure

Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP): Source - Southwest Florida Water Management District, Wetland Assessment Procedure Instruction Manual for Isolated Wetlands (March 2005).

AD:	Adaptive Species. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers.
D:	Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the deep zone, and designated either FAC or OBL by DEP.
OD:	Outer Deep Species. Plant species commonly found in the outer deep zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
T:	Transition Species. Plant species commonly found in the transition zone, and designated either FACW or OBL by DEP.
U:	Upland Species. Plant species that are not expected to be seen in wetlands.

ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with WAP designations
No - Show results without WAP designations

EPPC: Exotic Pest Plant Council

EPPC:

Source - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council's 2007 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species

Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities.

DEP: Department of Environmental Protection

Wetland Status, Department of Environmental Regulation (DEP): Source - Delineation of the Landward Extent of Wetlands and Surface Waters, Chapter 62-340, Florida Administrative Code. 1994.

OBL:	Obligate wetland. Occurs almost always under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands
FAC:	Facultative. equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands.

NWI: National list of vascular plant species that occur in wetlands

Wetland Status (NWI): Source - National list of vascular plant species that occur in wetlands. US Fish & Wildlife Service Biological Report 88(24). National Wetlands Inventory, US Fish & Wildlife Service. 1988.

OBL:	Obligate Wetland. Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
FACW:	Facultative Wetland. Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
FAC:	Facultative. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
FACU:	Facultative Upland. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).

A positive (+) or negative (-) sign is used with the Facultative indicator category to more specifically define the regional frequency of occurrence in wetlands. The positive sign indicates a frequency toward the higher end of the category (more frequently found in wetlands), and a negative sign indicates a frequency toward the lower end of the category (less frequently found in wetlands).

Persisting

Identifying species that appear as waifs or only periodically appear in the flora for a few seasons.

Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration
Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of Y
No - Show results without Persisting value of N

Duration

Annual:	Plants that perform their entire lifecycle within a single growing season. All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Over wintering seeds allow the next generation to appear.
Biennial:	A plant that is typically vegetative its first year and blooms the following season. Once it has bloomed and set seed, the plant dies. Garlic mustard is an example of a biennial.
Perennial:	These plants live for three or more seasons. Many perennials may not be mature enough to bloom during its first year. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material.

Category

Vascular:	Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). Also called tracheophyte.
Bryophyte:	A large group of seedless green plants including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes lack the specialized tissues xylem and phloem that circulate water and dissolved nutrients in the vascular plants. Bryophytes generally live on land but are mostly found in moist environments, for they have free-swimming sperm that require water for transport. In contrast to the vascular plants, the gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes constitutes the larger plant form, while the small sporophyte (diploid) generation grows on or within the gametophyte and depends upon it for nutrition.
Lichen:	The mutualistic symbiotic association of a fungus with an alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungal component of a lichen absorbs water and nutrients from the surroundings and provides a suitable environment for the alga or cyanobacterium. These live protected among the dense fungal hyphae and produce carbohydrates for the fungus by photosynthesis. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. The more familiar lichens grow slowly as crusty patches, but lichens are found in a variety of forms, such as the tall, plantlike reindeer moss. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component.

(Definitions from: American Heritage Science Dictionary)

Growth Habit

Intro paragraph to be provided by New York.

Vine:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Shrub:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Tree:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.
Et cetera:	DESCRIPTION TO BE PROVIDED BY NEW YORK.

State Rank

This numeric rank provides the relative rarity for each species based on a scale from 1 (very rare) to 5 (common). These ranks carry no legal status.

S1 - Typically 5 or fewer occurrences, very few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable in New York State.
S2 - Typically 6 to 20 occurrences, few remaining individuals, acres, or miles of stream, or factors demonstr¬ably making it very vulnerable in New York State.
S3 - Typically 21 to 100 occurrences, limited acreage, or miles of stream in New York State.
S4 - Apparently secure in New York State.
S5 - Demonstrably secure in New York State.
SE - State exotic or non-native
SH - Historically known from New York State, but not seen in the past 15 years.
SNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. This is mainly those species which are now excluded from flora for various reasons.
SNR - Not yet ranked
SX - Apparently extirpated from New York State.

Global Rank

Each species’ global rank is determined by NatureServe. These ranks carry no legal weight. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity.

G1 - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or very few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or especially vulnerable to extinction because of some factor of its biology.
G2 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G3 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G4 - Imperiled globally because of rarity (6 - 20 occurrences, or few remaining acres, or miles of stream) or very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors.
G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.
GH - Historically known, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered.
GNA - Species for which a rank is not applicable. NatureServe does not typically rank hybrid species.
GNR - Not yet ranked.
GX - Species believed to be extinct.

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Associated Ecological Communities

View a List of All Ecological Communities

For more information, contact: Dr. Richard Wunderlin or Dr. Bruce Hansen

Web Development: | The Florida Center for Community Design + Research

A member of the University of South Florida family of PlantAtlas.org websites

Citation Information:

Wunderlin, R. P., and B. F. Hansen. 2008. Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants (http://www.plantatlas.usf.edu/).[S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), Florida Center for Community Design and Research.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

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Definition: Vouchered Specimen

A voucher specimen is a pressed and thoroughly dried plant sample deposited in a herbarium, and is intended to be a permanent record supporting research purposes. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation.

Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data.

Only plant populations vouchered by specimens deposited in Index Herbariorum http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/IndexHerbariorum.asp recognized herbaria are represented on this map.

Helianthus annuus

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Classification

Citation

Source

Synonyms