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var data = { "memorials":[{"id":"214","title":"101st Army Airborne Division Monument","location":"Memorial Drive, Arlington, VA","description":"From Authorizing Law: \"in honor and in commemoration of the 'Screaming Eagles'...who have served their country in  WWII, Vietnam and maintaining peace.\"  The 101st is one of the most prestigious and decorated divisions in the U.S. Army.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"101 Army Airborne Division Association","authorization":"1976","dedication":"1977","npslink":null,"law":"N\/A","lat":"-77.06676095724106","lng":"38.883488614555525","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"From Authorizing Law: \"in honor and in commemoration of the 'Screaming Eagles'."},{"id":"131","title":"Adams Memorial (planned)","location":"Rock Creek Cemetery","description":"A Family memorial that honors Marian  \"Clover\" Adams (1843-1885), who committed suicide and Henry Adams, the great grandson of President John Adams.","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.010338","lng":"38.947372","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"A Family memorial that honors Marian  \"Clover\" Adams (1843-1885), who committed suicide and Henry Adams, the great grandson of President John Adams."},{"id":"27","title":"Admiral David G. Farragut","location":"Farragut Square","description":"(1801-1870) First Admiral in the U.S. Navy, a title created for him during the Civil War; captured New Orleans and controlled the Mississippi River. Remembered in popular culture for his order at Battle of Mobile Bay, paraphrased: \"Damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead!\"","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Mrs. Farragut \/ U.S. Government","authorization":"1872","dedication":"1881","npslink":"","law":"17 Stat. 395","lat":"-77.038928156515325","lng":"38.901925344008028","fsvenue2":"49e7923cf964a520c6641fe3","fsvenue1":"46546","themes":["5","12","6","15"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1801-1870) First Admiral in the U.S. Navy, a title created for him during the Civil War; captured New Orleans and controlled the Mississippi River."},{"id":"132","title":"Admiral Richard Evelyn Byrd","location":"Memorial Drive, Arlington, VA","description":null,"landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.066109","lng":"38.883694","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":null},{"id":"2","title":"African-American Civil War Memorial (\"The Spirit of Freedom\")","location":"U St & Vermont Ave, NW","description":"Commemorates the service of 209,145 African-American soldiers and sailors - both free and slave - who fought for the Union in the American Civil War. According to the Washington Post, the memorial is the first in the country to honor all African American Union troops and their white officers and is part of a new recognition of the role played by African Americans in the war.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Commissioned by the District of Columbia Commission on the Arts and Humanities; \"monitored\" by The African American Civil War Freedom Foundation, Inc.; transferred to NPS. Paid for through private fundraising and the descendants of African Americans.","authorization":"1992","dedication":"1998","npslink":"","law":"106 Stat. 2104","lat":"-77.025958","lng":"38.916531","fsvenue2":"4ba69056f964a520b15e39e3","fsvenue1":"1828964","themes":["5","9","12","6","15"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"Commemorates the service of 209,145 African-American soldiers and sailors - both free and slave - who fought for the Union in the American Civil War."},{"id":"219","title":"Air Force Memorial","location":"One Air Force Drive, Arlington, VA","description":"From Authorizing Law: \"to honor the men and women who have served in the United States Air Force and its predecessors.\"","landowner":"FEDERAL - VA","sponsor":"U.S. Air Force","authorization":"1993","dedication":"2006","npslink":null,"law":"N\/A","lat":"-77.06627011299133","lng":"38.86852413171136","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"From Authorizing Law: \"to honor the men and women who have served in the United States Air Force and its predecessors."},{"id":"133","title":"Albert Einstein","location":"National Academy of Sciences Building, 22nd & Constitution Ave.","description":null,"landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.048378","lng":"38.892345","fsvenue2":"4a4fbc96f964a520a5af1fe3","fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":null},{"id":"33","title":"Albert Gallatin","location":"Pennsylvania Ave & 15th St, NW","description":"(1761-1849) Longest-serving Secretary of Treasury; diplomat to Great Britain and France, Senator, Congressman and founder of New York University.","landowner":"FEDERAL - OTHER","sponsor":"Paid for by private funds and supported by Democrats in Congress, who, according to James Goode (author of \"Washington Sculpture: A Cultural History of Outdoor Sculpture in the Nation's Capital\") wanted to provide balance to a commemoration honoring Ale","authorization":"N\/A","dedication":"N\/A","npslink":"","law":"N\/A","lat":"-77.034299940298766","lng":"38.898425076530764","fsvenue2":"4dbf48a2a86e2f4250a84484","fsvenue1":"21570322","themes":["10"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1761-1849) Longest-serving Secretary of Treasury; diplomat to Great Britain and France, Senator, Congressman and founder of New York University."},{"id":"46","title":"Alexander Hamilton","location":"State Place NW & btwn East Executive Ave & 15th St., NW","description":"(1755-1804) First Secretary of Treasury, Founding Father, attorney, economist and political philosopher. Established national currency, U.S. mint and national bank. Balanced national budget and co-wrote Federalist Papers.","landowner":"FEDERAL - OTHER","sponsor":"Anonymous, never revealed","authorization":"1909","dedication":"1923","npslink":"","law":"35 Stat. 1170","lat":"-77.034298","lng":"38.896655","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":["10","2"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1755-1804) First Secretary of Treasury, Founding Father, attorney, economist and political philosopher."},{"id":"134","title":"Alexander Pushkin","location":"George Washington University, 22nd and H streets NW","description":"(1799-1837) Considered Russia's greatest poet and founder of modern Russian poetry.","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.04863","lng":"38.899719","fsvenue2":"4c8bd38955fba09363b859ab","fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"(1799-1837) Considered Russia's greatest poet and founder of modern Russian poetry."},{"id":"135","title":"Alexander Robey Shepherd","location":"","description":"(1835-1902) Executive Officer of the Board of Public Works, oversaw the building and improvement of Washington's streets. The Statue was moved 4 times.  The Association of Oldest Inhabitants lobbied to move the statue to its current locations.","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.031654","lng":"38.895363","fsvenue2":"5012bdf6e4b0354628e261c6","fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"(1835-1902) Executive Officer of the Board of Public Works, oversaw the building and improvement of Washington's streets."},{"id":"136","title":"America and War and Peace","location":"Kennedy Center (26th St and New Hampshire)","description":"Allegories on a variety of subjects related to the condition of the world.  Allegories include city life, music, politics, violence and sex (Kennedy Center)","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.054718","lng":"38.896683","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"Allegories on a variety of subjects related to the condition of the world."},{"id":"137","title":"American Armored Force","location":"","description":"From Authorizing Law: \"to honor members of the American Armored Force who have served in armored units. The memorial shall commemorate the exceptional professionalism of the members of the American Armored Force and their efforts to maintain peace worldwide.\"","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.066505","lng":"38.88306","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"From Authorizing Law: \"to honor members of the American Armored Force who have served in armored units."},{"id":"3","title":"American Legion Freedom Bell","location":"Columbus Plaza","description":"On behalf of the children of America, the memorial in honor of the Bicentennial Celebration. The American Legion is a congressionally chartered mutual-aid veterans organization of the U.S. armed forces founded to benefit those veterans who served during a wartime period.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Conceived by members of the American Freedom Train Association who approached The American Legion with a proposal of sponsoring the bell.","authorization":"1976","dedication":"1977","npslink":"","law":"90 Stat. 2242","lat":"-77.006528244819648","lng":"38.896559145998218","fsvenue2":"4cb0cea3c5e6a1cdc595d8f6","fsvenue1":"10540633","themes":["2"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"On behalf of the children of America, the memorial in honor of the Bicentennial Celebration."},{"id":"138","title":"American Legion Soldier","location":"American Legion Building 1608 K St, NW","description":"The statue memorializes the American Veteran. The American Legion is a congressionally chartered mutual-aid veterans organization of the U.S. armed forces founded to benefit those veterans who served during a wartime period as defined by the U.S. Congress.","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.037285","lng":"38.902447","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"The statue memorializes the American Veteran."},{"id":"4","title":"American Veterans Disabled for Life (planned)","location":"Washington, 2nd & I-395, SW","description":"From Authorizing Law: \"to honor veterans who became disabled while serving in the Armed Forces of the United States.\" According to the foundation, it will honor more than 3 million living disabled American veterans in the U.S. as well as disabled American veterans in the U.S. as well as disabled veterans throughout American history.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"The Disabled Veterans LIFE Memorial Foundation","authorization":"2000","dedication":"planned","npslink":"","law":"114 Stat. 1358","lat":"-77.013981765644559","lng":"38.886643532865328","fsvenue2":"4c0f9df0b60ed13af87730f2","fsvenue1":"4714869","themes":["5"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"From Authorizing Law: \"to honor veterans who became disabled while serving in the Armed Forces of the United States."},{"id":"139","title":"Andrei Sakharov","location":"Russia House 1800 Connecticut Ave, NW","description":"(1921-1989) Leading Physicist of the Soviet Union, Father of the Soviet Hydrogen Bomb, but later attacked the arms race.","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.046394","lng":"38.914391","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"(1921-1989) Leading Physicist of the Soviet Union, Father of the Soviet Hydrogen Bomb, but later attacked the arms race."},{"id":"21","title":"Andrew Jackson Downing","location":"The Smithsonian \"Castle\" on the Mall, 1000 Jefferson Drive, SW","description":"(1815-1852) American landscape designer, prominent advocate of the Gothic Revival style in the United States, and editor of The Horticulturist magazine. He transformed the Mall into a landscaped public park of circular carriage drives and plantings.","landowner":"SMITHSONIAN GROUNDS","sponsor":"The American Pomological Society and paid for with private funds.","authorization":"1850","dedication":"1856","npslink":"","law":"","lat":"-77.025363661605908","lng":"38.888392738821452","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":["1"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1815-1852) American landscape designer, prominent advocate of the Gothic Revival style in the United States, and editor of The Horticulturist magazine."},{"id":"80","title":"Andrew Mellon Memorial Fountain","location":"Constitution Ave @ 6th St, NW","description":"(1855-1937) Industrialist, financier, philanthropist and noted statesman who was American Ambassador to Great Britain and Secretary of the Treasury. Founder of the National Gallery of Art.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Andrew Mellon Memorial Committee and paid for with private funds.","authorization":"1947","dedication":"1952","npslink":"","law":"61 Stat. 327","lat":"-77.019512243304675","lng":"38.892303356476404","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":["10","9"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1855-1937) Industrialist, financier, philanthropist and noted statesman who was American Ambassador to Great Britain and Secretary of the Treasury."},{"id":"140","title":"Argonne Cross","location":"Arlington National Cemetery","description":"During the period from April 1920 through July 1921, the remains of many servicemen buried in Europe during World War I were disinterred.  Through the efforts of the Argonne Unit American Womens Legion, the remains of about 2100 soldiers were reinterred in Arlington National Cemetery.","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.075577","lng":"38.871506","fsvenue2":"4f7f2bb8e5e8cf764f5b2a2c","fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"During the period from April 1920 through July 1921, the remains of many servicemen buried in Europe during World War I were disinterred."},{"id":"210","title":"Arlington House (The Robert E. Lee Memorial)","location":"Arlington National Cemetery","description":"Arlington House was the home of Robert E. Lee and his family for 30 years and is associated with the Washington and Cutis families. George Washington Parke Custis built the house to be his home and a memorial to George Washington, his step-grandfather. It is now preserved as a memorial to General Lee.  Lee (1807-1870) Career Army officer and general-in-chief of Confederate forces.  Lincoln invited him command the entire Union Army, but Lee declined because his home state of Virginia was seceding.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"U.S. Government","authorization":"1925","dedication":"1930","npslink":"http:\/\/www.nps.gov\/arho\/","law":"N\/A","lat":"-77.07262694835663","lng":"38.88117414404532","fsvenue2":"4e233661fa761d67108e6d49","fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"Arlington House was the home of Robert E."},{"id":"141","title":"Arlington Memorial Bridge","location":"","description":"Symbolizes the binding together of the North and South in one great Union.","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.055237","lng":"38.887375","fsvenue2":"4ba56aabf964a5200d0539e3","fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"Symbolizes the binding together of the North and South in one great Union."},{"id":"142","title":"Arsenal Memorial","location":"Congressional cemetery, 18th and E St, SE, northwest section, range 97, sec","description":"Honors and marks the grave of the 21 people who died in the explosion of the Washington Arsenal, which was the worst civil disaster in the city during the Civil War.","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-76.98053","lng":"38.881504","fsvenue2":"4f5a6c1fe4b072fe9e00045d","fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"Honors and marks the grave of the 21 people who died in the explosion of the Washington Arsenal, which was the worst civil disaster in the city during the Civil War."},{"id":"120","title":"Baron Von Steuben","location":"Lafayette Park","description":"(1730-1794) Aide-de-Camp to Frederick the Great and joined the American colonies in the Revolution to train the citizen-soldiers of America.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"U.S. Government","authorization":"1903","dedication":"1910","npslink":"http:\/\/www.nps.gov\/whho\/planyourvisit\/explore-the-northern-trail.htm","law":"32 Stat. 908","lat":"-77.037680264116901","lng":"38.900008521283759","fsvenue2":"4d73b77c8e12b1f705f64c05","fsvenue1":"18143478","themes":["5"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1730-1794) Aide-de-Camp to Frederick the Great and joined the American colonies in the Revolution to train the citizen-soldiers of America."},{"id":"143","title":"Bartholdi Fountain","location":"Fountain is located within the U.S. Botanical Gardens","description":null,"landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.01268","lng":"38.887131","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"The Bartholdi fountain was created for the 1876 Philadelphia Exposition."},{"id":"58","title":null,"location":"Virginia & New Hampshire Aves, NW","description":"(1806-1872) Served 5 terms (1865-1872) as President of Mexico. Regarded as a strong leader for resisting and overthrowing French occupation to restore the republic; sometimes referred to as the \"Mexican George Washington.\"","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Mexican Government","authorization":"1968","dedication":"1970","npslink":"","law":"82 Stat. 1154","lat":"-77.053632197055776","lng":"38.898773771837533","fsvenue2":"4da4f587ced72782621bf967","fsvenue1":"20360965","themes":["11"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1806-1872) Served 5 terms (1865-1872) as President of Mexico."},{"id":"32","title":"Benjamin Franklin","location":"12th St & Pennsylvania Ave, NW","description":"(1706-1790) Founding Father, author, satirist, political theorist, politician, scientist, inventor, statesman and diplomat. A major figure in the Enlightenment for his work in physics and electricity. Depicted as he appeared at the court of Louis XVI at Versailles on the occasion of the first treaty between the U.S. and a foreign power.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Donated by Stilson Hutchins.","authorization":"1888","dedication":"1889","npslink":"","law":"25 Stat. 627","lat":"-77.027825","lng":"38.894655","fsvenue2":"4e3ad46e15209132ac10cb1d","fsvenue1":"26863208","themes":["2","1"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1706-1790) Founding Father, author, satirist, political theorist, politician, scientist, inventor, statesman and diplomat."},{"id":"144","title":"Bernard Baruch Bench of Inspiration","location":"Lafayette Square","description":null,"landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.036728","lng":"38.899628","fsvenue2":"4e85d91a5503d5e079c1bbe7","fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":null},{"id":"34","title":"Bernardo de Galvez","location":"Virginia Ave & 22nd St, NW","description":"(1746-1786) Spanish ally to American colonies during the American Revolution. Given in recognition of the U.S. Bi-centennial.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Given by King Juan Carlos of Spain to the U.S. in celebration of the Bicentennial.","authorization":"1976","dedication":"2007","npslink":"","law":"90 Stat. 519","lat":"-77.048394770191990","lng":"38.895678515656435","fsvenue2":"4c59b371f346c928fa394dca","fsvenue1":"7044782","themes":["5","11","3"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1746-1786) Spanish ally to American colonies during the American Revolution."},{"id":"145","title":"Bishop John Carroll","location":"Georgetown University, 37th and O St, NW","description":"(1735- ) Founder of Georgetown University.  Trained as a Jesuit and first bishop of Baltimore.  According to Goode \"the statue is the focal point of the University.\"","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.072243","lng":"38.907604","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"(1735- ) Founder of Georgetown University."},{"id":"11","title":"Boy Scouts of America Memorial","location":"The Ellipse","description":"Stands on the site of 1st Boy Scout Jamboree (1937), figures represent Manhood and Womanhood. From the inscription: \"In grateful tribute to the men and women whose generosity, devotion, and leadership have brought Scouting to the nation's youth and to honor all members of the Boy Scouts of America who in days of peace and times of peril have done their duty to God and their country...in recognition of the fiftieth anniversary of the Boy Scouts of America.\"","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Paid for by contributions from Boy Scouts and private funds.","authorization":"1959","dedication":"1964","npslink":"","law":"73 Stat. 261","lat":"-77.034231860661180","lng":"38.893935833986227","fsvenue2":"4c368f743849c9280a57bcb1","fsvenue1":"5787163","themes":["9"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"Stands on the site of 1st Boy Scout Jamboree (1937), figures represent Manhood and Womanhood."},{"id":"14","title":"Butt-Millet Memorial Fountain","location":"The Ellipse","description":"Commemorates two men who died in the Titanic. Butt (1865-1912) was a military aide to Presidents Roosevelt and Taft. Millet (1846-1912) was a painter and member of the Fine Arts Commission.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Paid for by private contributions of Friends of Butt and Millet.","authorization":"1912","dedication":"1913","npslink":"","law":"37 Stat. 644","lat":"-77.037449015684473","lng":"38.89527343407488","fsvenue2":"4d7e41cfcd09224b99ca4630","fsvenue1":"18524343","themes":["1","10"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"Commemorates two men who died in the Titanic."},{"id":"146","title":"Canadian Cross of Sacrifice Memorial","location":"","description":"It was in this spirit of friendship (America and Canada) that in 1925 Canadian Prime Minister MacKenzie King first proposed a memorial to the large number of United States citizens who enlisted in the Canadian Armed Forces, and lost their lives during World War I.  Inscriptions were added for subsequent wars (arlingtoncemetery.org)","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.074104","lng":"38.876961","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"It was in this spirit of friendship (America and Canada) that in 1925 Canadian Prime Minister MacKenzie King first proposed a memorial to the large number of United States citizens who enlisted in the Canadian Armed Forces, and lost their lives during World War I."},{"id":"45","title":"Captain Nathan Hale","location":"Justice Department (Grounds), Constitution Ave & 9th St, NW","description":"(1755-1776) Officer for the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. Widely considered America's first spy, he volunteered for an intelligence-gathering mission, but was captured by the British. At his execution, Hale famously said, \"I only regret that I have but one life to give for my country.\"","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Given by George Dudley Seymour, a biographer of Hale","authorization":"N\/A","dedication":"1945","npslink":"","law":"N\/A","lat":"-77.024632361677334","lng":"38.892278742018902","fsvenue2":"4de18ca3d4c0704405579b04","fsvenue1":"22962150","themes":["5","12","6","13"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1755-1776) Officer for the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War."},{"id":"38","title":"Cardinal James Gibbons","location":"16th St & Park Rd, NW","description":"(1834 - 1921) Priest, bishop, and chaplain at Ft. McHenry.  Instrumental in establishing Catholic University in Washington.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Knights of Columbus","authorization":"1928","dedication":"1932","npslink":"","law":"45 Stat. 453","lat":"-77.036189594843066","lng":"38.931392337036492","fsvenue2":"4b9a3ef2f964a52008a735e3","fsvenue1":"1582731","themes":["9"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1834 - 1921) Priest, bishop, and chaplain at Ft."},{"id":"147","title":"Chaplains Hill Monument","location":"","description":"Four monuments on Chaplains Hill are dedicated to the memory of chaplains who have served in the United States Armed Forces. A memorial to 134 Protestant Chaplains who died in World Wars I and II,\"To The Glory of God And The Memory Of The Chaplains Who Died In Services Of Their Country.\"  A monument to 14 Jewish Chaplains who died while serving on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces was dedicated October 24, 2011. (A monument to 83 Catholic Chaplains who died in World War II, Korea, and Vietnam was dedicated on May 21, 1989 in the Memorial Amphitheater).","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.069695","lng":"38.878956","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"Four monuments on Chaplains Hill are dedicated to the memory of chaplains who have served in the United States Armed Forces."},{"id":"74","title":"Chief Justice John Marshall","location":"Marshall Park","description":"(1755-1835) American statesman and jurist who shaped American constitutional law and made the Supreme Court a center of power. 1985 (replica) 1884.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation (sponsored the replica).","authorization":"","dedication":"1985","npslink":"","law":"","lat":"-77.017501040809123","lng":"38.893323169256526","fsvenue2":"4cb887eebac93704abafdd7c","fsvenue1":"10827820","themes":["10"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1755-1835) American statesman and jurist who shaped American constitutional law and made the Supreme Court a center of power."},{"id":"148","title":"Coast Guard Memorial","location":"Arlington National Cemetery","description":"Prompted by 2 tragedies in 1918: (1) cutter Seneca lost while attempting to salvage a British steamer that had been torpedoed in the Bay of Biscay; (2) cutter Tampa was sunk by an enemy submarine in the British Channel names of all Coast Guard personnel lost during the Great War are inscribed on the monument","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.068268","lng":"38.870861","fsvenue2":"4ef48aebe5fa4c3505c50943","fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"Prompted by 2 tragedies in 1918: (1) cutter Seneca lost while attempting to salvage a British steamer that had been torpedoed in the Bay of Biscay; (2) cutter Tampa was sunk by an enemy submarine in the British Channel names of all Coast Guard personnel lost during the Great War are inscribed on the monument."},{"id":"149","title":"Col John Hoff (The Penguin Fountain)","location":"Walter Reed Army Medical Center, 16th St and Alaska Ave NW","description":"Given in memory of Col. John Van Rensselaer Hoff (1848-1920).  Hoff was a surgeon in the military and dedicated his life to improving the status of the Medical Corps.","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.029694","lng":"38.974602","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"Given in memory of Col."},{"id":"15","title":"Columbus Fountain","location":"Union Station Plaza","description":"(1451-1506) Genoese navigator, colonizer and explorer whose voyages across the Atlantic Ocean initiated widespread contact between Europeans and indigenous Americans. Commemoration features statue and prow of the ship symbolizing Discovery (James Goode, author of \"Washington Sculpture: A Cultural History of Outdoor Sculpture in the Nation's Capital\"). Other elements represent the old and new worlds.\r\n","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"U.S. Government","authorization":"1907","dedication":"1912","npslink":"","law":"34 Stat. 1413","lat":"-77.006579384518872","lng":"38.896405297160236","fsvenue2":"4bf95417b182c9b6d9b5785a","fsvenue1":"4091266","themes":["11"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1451-1506) Genoese navigator, colonizer and explorer whose voyages across the Atlantic Ocean initiated widespread contact between Europeans and indigenous Americans."},{"id":"7","title":"Commodore John Barry","location":"Franklin Park, 14th St btwn I & K, NW","description":"(1745-1803) Sometimes called \"the father of the U.S. Navy.\" Sea captain born in Ireland & emigrated to American colonies, joined the American Colonial Navy and was first officer to capture enemy war vessel in the American Revolution.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"The Ancient Order of Hibernians in America and other Irish organizations","authorization":"1906","dedication":"1914","npslink":"","law":"34 Stat. 223","lat":"-77.031113333338979","lng":"38.90206759764898","fsvenue2":"4e3052241850242590496e6b","fsvenue1":"26316600","themes":["5"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1745-1803) Sometimes called \"the father of the U.S. Navy."},{"id":"57","title":"Commodore John Paul Jones","location":"West Potomac Park (Tidal Basin)","description":"(1747-1792) Scotsman who immigrated to the U.S. in 1775 and joined the fledgling U.S. Navy. First to raise the new American flag on an American war vessel and the first to compel a man-of-war to surrender to the U.S. vessel.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"U.S. Government","authorization":"1906","dedication":"1912","npslink":"","law":"34 Stat. 224","lat":"-77.039510693624436","lng":"38.88824355003154","fsvenue2":"4b6c34fef964a52070292ce3","fsvenue1":"944367","themes":["5"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1747-1792) Scotsman who immigrated to the U.S. in 1775 and joined the fledgling U.S. Navy."},{"id":"150","title":"Confederate Soldiers Memorial","location":"","description":"In 1900, as a gesture of goodwill 35 years after the Civil War, the U.S. government agreed to reinter Confederate dead buried in gravesites scattered in the Washington area in a consolidated Confederate section at Arlington National Cemetery.  Later, President Taft authorized the United Daughters of the Confederacy to erect this statue.","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.077271","lng":"38.876068","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"In 1900, as a gesture of goodwill 35 years after the Civil War, the U.S. government agreed to reinter Confederate dead buried in gravesites scattered in the Washington area in a consolidated Confederate section at Arlington National Cemetery."},{"id":"151","title":"Cordell Hull","location":"Organization of American States Bldg, Const. & 17th St., NW","description":null,"landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.040939","lng":"38.892582","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":null},{"id":"89","title":"Count Casimir Pulaski","location":"Western Plaza @ E & 13th Sts, NW","description":"(1745-1779) Polish nobleman who fought to defend Poland against European invaders. Came to U.S. to serve in Continental Army and declared his intention to become a citizen. Called \"father of the American cavalry.\"","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"U.S. Government","authorization":"1903","dedication":"1910","npslink":"","law":"32 Stat. 908","lat":"-77.029950672450951","lng":"38.895868601092566","fsvenue2":"4e496ac41520aec014462396","fsvenue1":"27610602","themes":["5"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1745-1779) Polish nobleman who fought to defend Poland against European invaders."},{"id":"93","title":"Count Jean Baptiste Rochambeau","location":"Lafayette Park","description":"(1725-1807) French aristocrat and soldier, commanded French force dispatched in 1780 to aid the Americans in the American Revolution. Joined Washington's forces at White Plains, NY and assisted in forcing Cornwallis' surrender at Yorktown.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Commissioned by Congress","authorization":"1901","dedication":"1902","npslink":"http:\/\/www.nps.gov\/whho\/planyourvisit\/explore-the-northern-trail.htm","law":"31 Stat. 1886","lat":"-77.037720087180787","lng":"38.89901449220649","fsvenue2":"4dab265b1e72c1ab9c03e973","fsvenue1":"20662768","themes":["5"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1725-1807) French aristocrat and soldier, commanded French force dispatched in 1780 to aid the Americans in the American Revolution."},{"id":"16","title":"Cuban Friendship Urn","location":"East Potomac Park @ 14th St Bridges","description":"Memorial to the Victims of the USS Maine. It had been sent to protect American interests during the long-standing revolt of the Cubans against the Spanish government; preceded the Spanish-American War.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Gift from the Government of Cuba to the U.S. (Cuban President Gerardo Machado presented the monument to US President Coolidge)","authorization":"1928","dedication":"1928","npslink":"","law":"45 Stat. 713","lat":"-77.038253","lng":"38.878549","fsvenue2":"4bc2272d74a9a593fdd8d2f6","fsvenue1":"0","themes":["11"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"Memorial to the Victims of the USS Maine."},{"id":"124","title":"Daniel Webster","location":"Massachusetts Ave & 16th St, NW","description":"(1782-1852) American statesman, attorney, Secretary of State and Senator, orator. Believed in a strong federal government and sought numerous compromises to preserve the Union despite the increasing hostilities between North and South.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"U.S. Government\/Stilson Hutchins","authorization":"1898","dedication":"1900","npslink":"","law":"30 Stat. 625","lat":"-77.037294970386100","lng":"38.907244041719387","fsvenue2":"4bc5410e41cb76b085383e6f","fsvenue1":"2487965","themes":["10"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1782-1852) American statesman, attorney, Secretary of State and Senator, orator."},{"id":"18","title":"Dante Alighieri (\"Dante\")","location":"Meridian Hill Park, 16th & Florida Ave","description":"(1265-1321) Italian poet of the Middle Ages. Wrote Divina Commedia, one of the great literary works composed in the Italian language and a significant work of world literature. The statue stands on a pedestal of sea green granite and represents Dante in the robe of a scholar, wearing a crown of laurel.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Given to the U.S. on behalf of Italian Americans by Carlo Barsotti","authorization":"1922","dedication":"1922","npslink":"http:\/\/www.nps.gov\/mehi\/index.htm","law":"42 Stat. 366","lat":"-77.034986091000135","lng":"38.920212678860189","fsvenue2":"4d4186614677548105c161f4","fsvenue1":"16278728","themes":["1"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1265-1321) Italian poet of the Middle Ages."},{"id":"19","title":"Discus Thrower (\"Discobolus\") ","location":"Virginia Ave @ 21st St, NW","description":"Gift of appreciation from Italy to U.S. honoring American efforts to return Italian sculpture (including the original Myron \"Discobolus\" statue) to Italy after it was seized by the Nazis. \"Discobolus\" is an Italian copy of the Greek original and portrays an athlete in motion.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Gift from the Government of Italy to the U.S.","authorization":"","dedication":"1956","npslink":"","law":"","lat":"-77.046412770928058","lng":"38.894869625707635","fsvenue2":"4da4f11bced72782621be0b9","fsvenue1":"20360234","themes":["11","3"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"Gift of appreciation from Italy to U.S. honoring American efforts to return Italian sculpture (including the original Myron \"Discobolus\" statue) to Italy after it was seized by the Nazis."},{"id":"17","title":"District of Columbia World War Memorial","location":"West Potomac Park","description":"Honors DC residents who served in WWI and inscribed with the names of the war dead. According to the DC Preservation League it was the first memorial on the Mall to list all D.C. residents who lost their lives in the war, regardless of their race, class, or gender.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"D.C. War Memorial Commission","authorization":"1924","dedication":"1931","npslink":"http:\/\/www.nps.gov\/nama\/planyourvisit\/dc-war-memorial.htm","law":"43 Stat. 666","lat":"-77.043478578895261","lng":"38.887584247281225","fsvenue2":"4b5214e3f964a520646627e3","fsvenue1":"620787","themes":["5","4"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"Honors DC residents who served in WWI and inscribed with the names of the war dead."},{"id":"152","title":"Don Quixote","location":"Kennedy Center (26th St and New Hampshire)","description":"Taken from Cervante's Don Quixote de La Macha, one of the most significant novels written.  The statue is shown of a charging character, who is known for fighting for an ideal, according to Goode.  It was given in celebration of the American Bicentennial.","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.054573","lng":"38.896931","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"Taken from Cervante's Don Quixote de La Macha, one of the most significant novels written."},{"id":"109","title":"Dr Benjamin Stephenson (Grand Army of the Republic Memorial)","location":"7th & C Sts, NW","description":"(1823-1871) Founder of the Grand Army of the Republic, first veterans' organization in the U.S. Composed of veterans of the Union Army in the Civil War, the society provided assistance to disabled veterans, widows, and orphans.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"G.A.R. Memorial Association","authorization":"1907","dedication":"1909","npslink":"","law":"34 Stat. 1424","lat":"-77.021579204405597","lng":"38.893609910352396","fsvenue2":"4bc745098b7c9c74c41836cf","fsvenue1":"2527377","themes":["5","1"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1823-1871) Founder of the Grand Army of the Republic, first veterans' organization in the U.S. Composed of veterans of the Union Army in the Civil War, the society provided assistance to disabled veterans, widows, and orphans."},{"id":"97","title":"Dr. Benjamin Rush","location":"23rd & E Sts. NW, Nav. Bur. of Medicine","description":"(1745-1813) Founding Father, physician and surgeon-general, opened first public health clinic. Helped to draft Pennsylvania Constitution and found Dickinson College.","landowner":"Navy","sponsor":"American Medical Association","authorization":"","dedication":"1904","npslink":"","law":"N\/A","lat":"-77.050992476274629","lng":"38.895512377644586","fsvenue2":"4da4f45dced72782621bf33d","fsvenue1":"20360783","themes":["2","1"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1745-1813) Founding Father, physician and surgeon-general, opened first public health clinic."},{"id":"62","title":"Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial","location":"West Potomac Park (Tidal Basin)","description":"(1929-1968) American clergyman, activist, prominent leader in the Civil Rights movement. Left a significant legacy, including progress on civil rights and is widely considered a human rights icon. Led 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1957, serving as its first president. Led the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his \"I Have a Dream\" speech. He was assassinated in 1968.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"National Martin Luther King Memorial Project Foundation, Inc.; paid for with private funds with a contribution for the U.S. Government.","authorization":"1996","dedication":"2011","npslink":"http:\/\/www.nps.gov\/nama\/planyourvisit\/martin-luther-king-jr-memorial-construction.htm","law":"110 Stat. 4157","lat":"-77.044183","lng":"38.886189","fsvenue2":"4bc9f0850687ef3bc7d0dacc","fsvenue1":"2633256","themes":["9"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1929-1968) American clergyman, activist, prominent leader in the Civil Rights movement."},{"id":"22","title":"Dupont Memorial Fountain","location":"Dupont Circle","description":"(1803-1865) Samuel Francis Dupont was a U.S. Civil War naval commander.  Fountain honors Dupont with three statues, representing \"Sea, Wind and Sky.\"","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Given by the Dupont Family","authorization":"1917","dedication":"1921","npslink":"http:\/\/www.nps.gov\/nr\/travel\/wash\/dc50.htm","law":"39 Stat. 944","lat":"-77.043439417412031","lng":"38.909637012723572","fsvenue2":"4dcf1fd8d22deadedd64ed41","fsvenue1":"22248142","themes":["5","12","6","15"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1803-1865) Samuel Francis Dupont was a U.S. Civil War naval commander."},{"id":"13","title":"Edmund Burke","location":"Massachusetts Ave btwn 11th & 12th Sts, NW","description":"(1729-1797) British statesman, orator and political thinker. Advocated fair treatment of the American colonies.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Offered by Sir Charles Wakefield, former Mayor of London, on behalf of the Sulgrave Institution.","authorization":"1922","dedication":"1922","npslink":"","law":"42 Stat. 499","lat":"-77.027450122146334","lng":"38.903883980653738","fsvenue2":"4c6a01552c29d13ac4e00c41","fsvenue1":"7693236","themes":["2","11"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1729-1797) British statesman, orator and political thinker."},{"id":"153","title":"Edward Miner Gallaudet","location":"Florida and 8th St, NE","description":"Son of Thomas Gallaudet, President of Gallaudet  for 53 years. Gallaudet University is a federally chartered institution for education of the deaf.","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-76.9944","lng":"38.906223","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"Son of Thomas Gallaudet, President of Gallaudet  for 53 years."},{"id":"154","title":"Eleuthere Du Pont (Garth Fountain)","location":"Washington National Cathedral 3101 Wisconsin Ave","description":"Given in memory of Eleuthere Irenee du Pont (1771-1834), who founded the gunpowder manufacturing company, E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, which later became one of the largest chemical companies in the world.","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.070511","lng":"38.930977","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"Given in memory of Eleuthere Irenee du Pont (1771-1834), who founded the gunpowder manufacturing company, E."},{"id":"67","title":"Emancipation Monument","location":"Lincoln Park, East Capitol & 12th St., NE","description":"The statue features President Lincoln in his characteristic frock coat, holding the Emancipation Proclamation before a kneeling black man. Modeled after Archer Alexander, the last person captured under the Fugitive Slave Act, the man's arms are extended to show his shackles have been broken. The Emancipation Proclamation consists of two executive orders issued by President Lincoln during the Civil War.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"The Western Sanitary Commission of Saint Louis, paid for with funds contributed by emancipated slaves.","authorization":"1874","dedication":"1876","npslink":"http:\/\/www.nps.gov\/cahi\/historyculture\/cahi_lincoln.htm","law":"18 Stat. 225","lat":"-76.990249263074844","lng":"38.889803770426816","fsvenue2":"4e3990adcc3f8cbd1412b230","fsvenue1":"26803873","themes":["10","9","12","6","5","15","8"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"The statue features President Lincoln in his characteristic frock coat, holding the Emancipation Proclamation before a kneeling black man."},{"id":"155","title":"Father Godfrey Schilling","location":"Franciscan Monestary, 14th and Quincy Sts, NE","description":"Established institutions in the U.S.  To preserve and maintain the Holy Shrines of Palestine (as entrusted by the Catholic Church).","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-76.985703","lng":"38.937733","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"Established institutions in the U.S.  To preserve and maintain the Holy Shrines of Palestine (as entrusted by the Catholic Church)."},{"id":"156","title":"Field Marshal Sir John Dill","location":"","description":"(1881 - 1944) Prominent British general in WWII, senior British officer of the British Chiefs of Staff who formed a joint staff with the American Chiefs of Staff in Washington; major player in development of plans to form the UN.","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.069824","lng":"38.880817","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"(1881 - 1944) Prominent British general in WWII, senior British officer of the British Chiefs of Staff who formed a joint staff with the American Chiefs of Staff in Washington; major player in development of plans to form the UN."},{"id":"28","title":"First Airmail Flight Marker","location":"East Potomac Park","description":"Commemorates 40th anniversary of Air Mail service at the field where scheduled flight service began, first connecting Washington, Philadelphia and New York.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"To be determined: Staff Seeking Input.","authorization":"To be determined: Staff Seeking Input.","dedication":"1958","npslink":"","law":"To be determined: Staff Se","lat":"-77.043442","lng":"38.881416","fsvenue2":"4d9bc3a31e2660fc2eb4135f","fsvenue1":"0","themes":["1"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"Commemorates 40th anniversary of Air Mail service at the field where scheduled flight service began, first connecting Washington, Philadelphia and New York."},{"id":"29","title":"First Division Memorial","location":"Presidents Park","description":"From Authorizing Law: \"Authorizing a memorial to the dead of the First Division, American Expeditionary Forces in the World War.\" Later authorizations permitted additions to the monument in memory of the dead of the Division in WWII and Vietnam.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Memorial Association of the 1st Division","authorization":"1921","dedication":"1924","npslink":"","law":"42 Stat. 349; 61 Stat. 171","lat":"-77.038686","lng":"38.896156","fsvenue2":"4c48e8fc1b430f4735c0cec2","fsvenue1":"6391931","themes":["5"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"From Authorizing Law: \"Authorizing a memorial to the dead of the First Division, American Expeditionary Forces in the World War."},{"id":"30","title":"Fort Stevens G.A.R. Plaque","location":"13th & Rittenhouse Sts, NW","description":"Fort Stevens is one of the ring of fortifications built to safeguard Washington, D.C. during the Civil War. The Grand Army of the Republic (G.A.R) became an important Civil War veterans organization for Union veterans.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":" Daughters of Union Veterans of the Civil War","authorization":"1936","dedication":"1936","npslink":"","law":"","lat":"-77.028718336806762","lng":"38.964843836787395","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":["4","5"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"Fort Stevens is one of the ring of fortifications built to safeguard Washington, D.C. during the Civil War."},{"id":"31","title":"Fort Stevens Monument and Marker","location":"13th & Rittenhouse Sts, NW","description":"Commemorates the place where President Lincoln stood under enemy fire during the Battle of Ft. Stevens.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Associated Survivors, 6th Army Corps","authorization":"To be determined: Staff Seeking Input.","dedication":"1920","npslink":"","law":"To be determined: Staff Se","lat":"-77.028632511702327","lng":"38.964828515661225","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":["4","5"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"Commemorates the place where President Lincoln stood under enemy fire during the Battle of Ft."},{"id":"157","title":"Founders of the DAR","location":"Admin. Bldg Garden,17th & C Sts. NW","description":"Honors the four women who founded the Daughter of the American Revolution in 1890; the sculptor was a member of the DAR.  According to the DAR, the organization was founded in 1890 and is a non-profit, non-political volunteer women's service organization dedicated to promoting patriotism, preserving American history, and securing America's future through better education for children.","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.040504","lng":"38.893707","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"Honors the four women who founded the Daughter of the American Revolution in 1890; the sculptor was a member of the DAR."},{"id":"217","title":"Fourth Infantry Division","location":"Memorial Drive, Arlington, VA","description":"Honors the 4th Infantry, organized as part of the U.S. buildup following the declaration of war in 1917.  Participated in the last great confrontation of WWI (Meuse-Argonne Campaign). Division also active in WWII, where it lost 5,000 men at Utah Beach.  The 4th also fought in Korea, Vietnam, and Desert Storm.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"The National 4th Infantry (Ivy) Division Association","authorization":"1935","dedication":"2001","npslink":null,"law":"N\/A","lat":"-77.0646259188652","lng":"38.88382998474589","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"Honors the 4th Infantry, organized as part of the U.S. buildup following the declaration of war in 1917."},{"id":"6","title":"Francis Asbury","location":"16th & Mt Pleasant St, NW","description":"(1745-1810) Pioneer Bishop of Methodist Episcopal Church. Known as \"The Prophet of the Long Road,\" Asbury is honored for promoting patriotism, education, morality, and religion.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Francis Asbury Memorial Association","authorization":"1919","dedication":"1924","npslink":"","law":"40 Stat. 1213","lat":"-77.036709920958259","lng":"38.927673290894916","fsvenue2":"4bc391e374a9a59345bdd4f6","fsvenue1":"2425026","themes":["9"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1745-1810) Pioneer Bishop of Methodist Episcopal Church."},{"id":"84","title":"Francis Newlands","location":"Chevy Chase Circle","description":"(1846-1917) Senator from Nevada. Established Chevy Chase, wrote the legislation to add Hawaii as a territory, and was associated with mediation and conciliation in labor disputes.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Mrs. Newlands","authorization":"1932","dedication":"1933","npslink":"","law":"47 Stat. 78","lat":"-77.077137643589793","lng":"38.96760617289624","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":["10"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1846-1917) Senator from Nevada."},{"id":"61","title":"Francis Scott Key","location":"34th & M Sts, NW near Key Bridge","description":"(1779-1843) American lawyer, author, and amateur poet. Famous for writing the words to \"Star-Spangled Banner\".","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"To be determined: Staff Seeking Input.","authorization":"1986","dedication":"1993","npslink":"","law":"100 Stat. 3022","lat":"-77.068084364813799","lng":"38.904836046492939","fsvenue2":"4ba52870f964a5205fe538e3","fsvenue1":"1797662","themes":["1"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1779-1843) American lawyer, author, and amateur poet."},{"id":"88","title":"General Albert Pike","location":"3rd & D Sts, NW","description":"(1809-1891) A freemason, soldier, author, philosopher, and Confederate General in the Civil War. A high Masonic official and interpreter of Masonic rite. The statue depicts Pike with the Goddess of Freemasonry.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Supreme Council 33rd Degree, Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry for the Southern Freemasonry for the Southern Jurisdiction","authorization":"1898","dedication":"1901","npslink":"","law":"30 Stat. 737","lat":"-77.015737293931139","lng":"38.894509991208018","fsvenue2":"4c5dd8e8857ca593fc23cecb","fsvenue1":"7216889","themes":["5","12","6","15"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1809-1891) A freemason, soldier, author, philosopher, and Confederate General in the Civil War."},{"id":"121","title":"General Artemas Ward","location":"Ward Circle","description":"(1727-1800) Resigned post as Massachusetts governor to be first Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army in the Revolutionary War.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Harvard University","authorization":"1928","dedication":"1938","npslink":"","law":"45 Stat. 689","lat":"-77.085893955898612","lng":"38.937914289158279","fsvenue2":"4b604962f964a520bedd29e3","fsvenue1":"788052","themes":["5","12","6","13"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1727-1800) Resigned post as Massachusetts governor to be first Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army in the Revolutionary War."},{"id":"73","title":"General Francis Marion (planned)","location":"to be determined","description":"(1732-1795) Known as \"the swamp fox,\" Military officer in the American Revolutionary War. Served with Continental Army and South Carolina militia commissions, known for his guerrilla tactics of surprising the enemy with quick attacks and retreats.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"A Committee of the Palmetto Conservation Foundation.","authorization":"2008","dedication":"","npslink":"","law":"122 Stat. 781","lat":"-76.999332583688357","lng":"38.883056895015621","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":["5","12","6","13"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1732-1795) Known as \"the swamp fox,\" Military officer in the American Revolutionary War."},{"id":"77","title":"General George McClellan","location":"Connecticut Ave & Columbia Rd","description":"(1826-1885) Major General during Civil War who distinguished himself at the battle of Antietam and as head of the Army of the Potomac.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"U.S. Government","authorization":"1901","dedication":"1907","npslink":"","law":"31 Stat. 1174","lat":"-77.046495081418300","lng":"38.916698796084752","fsvenue2":"4d57fd5792326ea8d1bf60c0","fsvenue1":"17164480","themes":["5","12","6","15","15"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1826-1885) Major General during Civil War who distinguished himself at the battle of Antietam and as head of the Army of the Potomac."},{"id":"65","title":"General Gilbert du Motier Lafayette","location":"Lafayette Square","description":"(1757-1834) French nobleman who petitioned the French National Assembly for assistance for the Americans during the American Revolution. Sailed to America to assist colonists and brought a number of French soldiers (including Pierre L'Enfant). Statue was in part a gesture to reestablish French-American relations after Spanish-American War.\r\n","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Commissioned by Congress","authorization":"1885","dedication":"1891","npslink":"http:\/\/www.nps.gov\/whho\/planyourvisit\/explore-the-northern-trail.htm#CP_JUMP_100753","law":"23 Stat. 508","lat":"-77.035374489634293","lng":"38.899008892011985","fsvenue2":"4b12c64df964a520da8d23e3","fsvenue1":"352825","themes":["5"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1757-1834) French nobleman who petitioned the French National Assembly for assistance for the Americans during the American Revolution."},{"id":"87","title":"General John J. Pershing","location":"Pershing Park, Pennsylvania Ave & 15th St","description":"(1860-1948) Commander of American troops in France during World War I, Congress honored him with a new title: general of the armies. Founded the American Battle Monuments Commission, which was established to maintain cemeteries of American cemeteries abroad.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation","authorization":"1954","dedication":"1981","npslink":"","law":"80 Stat. 1377","lat":"-77.032427289295839","lng":"38.895868502883452","fsvenue2":"4b9546d0f964a520a19934e3","fsvenue1":"1512883","themes":["5","12","6","17"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1860-1948) Commander of American troops in France during World War I, Congress honored him with a new title: general of the armies."},{"id":"69","title":"General John Logan","location":"Logan Circle","description":"(1826- 1886) General in Union Army during Civil War; also served as soldier, diplomat, Congressman, and Presidential candidate.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"U.S. Government, Society of Tennessee","authorization":"1889","dedication":"1901","npslink":"","law":"25 Stat. 971","lat":"-77.029636789093303","lng":"38.909628313763108","fsvenue2":"4e40473f091a0fc67ea52a8d","fsvenue1":"27146144","themes":["5","12","6","15"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1826- 1886) General in Union Army during Civil War; also served as soldier, diplomat, Congressman, and Presidential candidate."},{"id":"90","title":"General John Rawlins","location":"Rawlins Park","description":"(1831-1869) Union officer from Illinois, close friend of General Grant and served as Secretary of War in Grant's first administration.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"U.S. Government","authorization":"1872","dedication":"1874","npslink":"","law":"17 Stat. 388","lat":"-77.041989992664242","lng":"38.895698520678373","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":["5","12","6","15"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1831-1869) Union officer from Illinois, close friend of General Grant and served as Secretary of War in Grant's first administration."},{"id":"5","title":null,"location":"18th St & Constitution Ave, NW","description":"(1764-1850) Sometimes called \"The Father of Uruguayan Independence.\" Led Gauchos to fight for Uruguayan state separate from Argentina\/free of Spanish domination. Engraved at base of statue: \"From the people of Uruguay to the People of the United States. Liberty of America is my dream and its attainment my only hope.\"","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Gift from the Republic of Uruguay to the U.S.; funded in large part from contributions of Uruguayan school children and the Chamber of Deputies (According to James Goode, author of \"Washington Sculpture: A Cultural History of Outdoor Sculpture in the Na","authorization":"1948","dedication":"1950","npslink":"","law":"62 Stat. 1051","lat":"-77.041441550144825","lng":"38.892312414315455","fsvenue2":"4c5c9d266ebe2d7fb8a4d02e","fsvenue1":"7158119","themes":["11","3"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1764-1850) Sometimes called \"The Father of Uruguayan Independence."},{"id":"98","title":"General Jose de San Martin","location":"Virginia Ave & 20th St, NW","description":"(1778-1850) General credited for Argentinean independence from Spain. Led liberating army across the Andes to give freedom to Chile and Peru.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Argentina Government","authorization":"1924","dedication":"1925","npslink":"","law":"43 Stat. 667","lat":"-77.045239591549318","lng":"38.895011967732216","fsvenue2":"4da4ef6fced72782621bd72a","fsvenue1":"20359991","themes":["11","3"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1778-1850) General credited for Argentinean independence from Spain."},{"id":"42","title":"General Nathanael Greene","location":"Stanton Park, 5th & C Sts, NE","description":"(1742-1786) A major general of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War; Commander of the Army of the South who drove British forces from Georgia and the Carolinas in 1782.\r\n","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"U.S. Government","authorization":"1874","dedication":"1877","npslink":"http:\/\/www.nps.gov\/cahi\/historyculture\/cahi_stanton.htm","law":"18 Stat. 209","lat":"-76.999512977498682","lng":"38.893607116830808","fsvenue2":"4e3b0a4c1850d7b505e4e509","fsvenue1":"26875167","themes":["5","12","6","13"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1742-1786) A major general of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War; Commander of the Army of the South who drove British forces from Georgia and the Carolinas in 1782."},{"id":"105","title":"General Philip Sheridan","location":"Sheridan Circle, 23rd & Mass Ave., NW","description":"(1831-1888) Leader of Union cavalry during Civil War and commander of the Army of the Potomac. Engaged in numerous battles and helped force Lee's surrender to Grant at Appomattox.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"U.S. Government","authorization":"1889","dedication":"1908","npslink":"","law":"25 Stat. 971","lat":"-77.050653427036394","lng":"38.912156725250924","fsvenue2":"4ad688bcf964a520b60721e3","fsvenue1":"172400","themes":["5","12","6","15"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1831-1888) Leader of Union cavalry during Civil War and commander of the Army of the Potomac."},{"id":"10","title":"General Simon Bolivar","location":"Virginia Ave @ 18th & C Sts, NW","description":"(1783 -1830) Leader of South America's struggle for independence from Spain. According to James Goode, author of \"Washington Sculpture: A Cultural History of Outdoor Sculpture in the Nation's Capital\", the statue is a symbol of the bond between the U.S. and its Latin neighbors.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Given by the Government of Venezuela","authorization":"1949","dedication":"1959","npslink":"","law":"63 Stat. 406","lat":"-77.042045398849993","lng":"38.893135056921253","fsvenue2":"4cdae2c199026dcb6b350981","fsvenue1":"12414586","themes":["11","3"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1783 -1830) Leader of South America's struggle for independence from Spain."},{"id":"64","title":"General Thaddeus Kosciuszko","location":"Lafayette Square","description":"(1747-1798) Polish patriot who fought in America and Poland. His skill in building fortifications in key places, including West Point and Saratoga, contributed to success in the American Revolution.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Polish Nat'l Alliance of American and Polish Citizens","authorization":"1904","dedication":"1910","npslink":"http:\/\/www.nps.gov\/whho\/planyourvisit\/explore-the-northern-trail.htm#CP_JUMP_100753","law":"38 Stat. 588","lat":"-77.035380761667696","lng":"38.900033168785782","fsvenue2":"4cacf26136fa6dcb7af5e278","fsvenue1":"10381108","themes":["5"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1747-1798) Polish patriot who fought in America and Poland."},{"id":"106","title":"General William Tecumseh Sherman","location":"Sherman Square","description":"(1820-1891) General in the Union Army during the American Civil War, most noted for his march through Georgia and capture of Savannah; commanded the Army of Tennessee and succeeded Grant as Commander of the U.S. Army.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"U.S. Government\/Army of Tennessee","authorization":"1892","dedication":"1903","npslink":"http:\/\/www.nps.gov\/whho\/planyourvisit\/explore-the-northern-trail.htm#CP_JUMP_100753","law":"27 Stat. 74","lat":"-77.034303449118397","lng":"38.895982823675297","fsvenue2":"4be2e9d0b02ec9b6a6fc4dc0","fsvenue1":"3477131","themes":["5","12","6","15"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1820-1891) General in the Union Army during the American Civil War, most noted for his march through Georgia and capture of Savannah; commanded the Army of Tennessee and succeeded Grant as Commander of the U.S. Army."},{"id":"47","title":"General Winfield Scott Hancock","location":"Pennsylvania Ave @ 7th St, NW","description":"(1824 -1886) Union Civil War general and fought in the Mexican American War. Noted for his leadership during the battle of Gettysburg.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"U.S. Government","authorization":"1889","dedication":"1896","npslink":"","law":"25 Stat. 972","lat":"-77.022195588532483","lng":"38.893742527545193","fsvenue2":"4bc79ef60050b7138914b93b","fsvenue1":"2546500","themes":["5","12","6","15"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1824 -1886) Union Civil War general and fought in the Mexican American War."},{"id":"76","title":"George Mason","location":"Tidal Basin @ 14th St Bridge (Fountain 4)","description":"(1725-1792) Considered a Founding Father because he signed the Declaration of Independence, Mason is sometimes described as the \"Forgotten Founder.\" He did not sign the U.S. Constitution believing it lacked the necessary protections for individuals from the federal government.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"The Board of Regents of Gunston Hall, Mason's plantation home in Fairfax County, VA; paid for privately.","authorization":"1990","dedication":"2002","npslink":"","law":"104 Stat. 419","lat":"-77.039400577453335","lng":"38.879847613828353","fsvenue2":"4b548be0f964a5206bbf27e3","fsvenue1":"644477","themes":["2"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1725-1792) Considered a Founding Father because he signed the Declaration of Independence, Mason is sometimes described as the \"Forgotten Founder."},{"id":"160","title":"George Washington (bust)","location":"The George Washington University, 23rd and I streets NW","description":"(1732-1799) 1st American President, led country to independence during the American Revolution; Donated to GW in celebration of the bicentennial","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.050285","lng":"38.900677","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"(1732-1799) 1st American President, led country to independence during the American Revolution; Donated to GW in celebration of the bicentennial."},{"id":"158","title":"George Washington (statue)","location":"Washington National Cathedral 3101 Wisconsin Ave","description":"(1732-1799) Depicted on his famous horse, Man O' War. One of two equestrian statues of Washington.","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.07016","lng":"38.929527","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"(1732-1799) Depicted on his famous horse, Man O' War."},{"id":"159","title":"George Washington (statue)","location":"The George Washington University","description":"(1732-1799) Depicted standing.  1st American President, led country to independence during the American Revolution. The statue is a copy of the original 1796 statue in the Virginia state capitol in Richmond, VA.","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.045792","lng":"38.899395","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"(1732-1799) Depicted standing."},{"id":"37","title":"German-American Friendship Garden","location":"Washington Monument Grounds, Consitution Ave btwn 17th & 15th Sts NW","description":"Commemorates the 300th anniversary of German immigration to America. Not constructed as a commemorative work.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"N\/A","authorization":"","dedication":"","npslink":"","law":"","lat":"-77.036552810393147","lng":"38.89186039043522","fsvenue2":"4da4ed19ced72782621bc9c9","fsvenue1":"20359540","themes":["11"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"Commemorates the 300th anniversary of German immigration to America."},{"id":"161","title":"Giuseppe Verdi","location":"Casa Italiana 595 1\/2 3rd St, NW","description":"(1813 - 1901) One of the greatest composers of Italian opera.","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.015038","lng":"38.897659","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"(1813 - 1901) One of the greatest composers of Italian opera."},{"id":"72","title":"Guglielmo Marconi","location":"16th & Lamont Sts, NW","description":"(1874-1937) Italian inventor, best known for his development of a radiotelegraph system. He shared the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics with Karl Ferdinand Braun, \"in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy.\"","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Marconi Memorial Foundation","authorization":"1938","dedication":"1941","npslink":"","law":"52 Stat. 217","lat":"-77.036735476561319","lng":"38.930408431346777","fsvenue2":"4ceda1377b943704154e2853","fsvenue1":"13204058","themes":["1"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1874-1937) Italian inventor, best known for his development of a radiotelegraph system."},{"id":"162","title":"Guglielmo Marconi (Casa Italia)","location":"Casa Italiana 595 1\/2 3rd St, NW","description":null,"landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.015038","lng":"38.897781","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":null},{"id":"163","title":"Guns into Plowshares","location":"17 DC Village Lane, SW ","description":"","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.013153","lng":"38.81385","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"."},{"id":"70","title":"Henry Wadsworth Longfellow","location":"Connecticut Ave & M St. NW","description":"(1807 - 1882) Poet, scholar and professor at Harvard; first American to translate Dante Alighieri's The Divine Comedy and was one of the 5 members of the group known as the Fireside Poets; statue of Longfellow shown wearing academic robes.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"U.S. Government \/ Longfellow Memorial Association","authorization":"1906","dedication":"1909","npslink":"","law":"34 Stat. 830","lat":"-77.041505997915095","lng":"38.905880390400235","fsvenue2":"4d73ad32d976236adaba1779","fsvenue1":"18142134","themes":["1","9"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1807 - 1882) Poet, scholar and professor at Harvard; first American to translate Dante Alighieri's The Divine Comedy and was one of the 5 members of the group known as the Fireside Poets; statue of Longfellow shown wearing academic robes."},{"id":"164","title":"Here I Stand: The Spirit of Paul Robeson","location":"Georgia Ave and Kansas Ave, NW","description":"An admired figure among 20th century African Americans: athlete, singer, scholar, author and activist. According to Goode, the sculptor hopes his work will inspire self esteem among African Americans and form a bridge between African and Western cultures (550).","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.025528","lng":"38.94276","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"An admired figure among 20th century African Americans: athlete, singer, scholar, author and activist."},{"id":"49","title":"I Have a Dream Speech Marker\/Plaque","location":"Lincoln Memorial Steps","description":"Commemorates Dr. Martin Luther King's historic \"I Have a Dream\" speech on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial during the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, a defining moment of the Civil Rights Movement.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Commissioned by Congress, paid for by the U.S. Government and private contributions","authorization":"2000","dedication":"2003","npslink":"","law":"114 Stat. 1409","lat":"-77.049767","lng":"38.889282","fsvenue2":"50d360cfe4b03bc1e7fc908a","fsvenue1":"34325","themes":["9"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"Commemorates Dr. Martin Luther King's historic \"I Have a Dream\" speech on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial during the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, a defining moment of the Civil Rights Movement."},{"id":"50","title":"In Memory Plaque","location":"Vietnam Veterans Memorial Grounds","description":"From Authorizing Law: \"to authorize a plaque to honor those Vietnam veterans who died after their service in the Vietnam War, but a direct result of that service.\"","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund","authorization":"2000","dedication":"2004","npslink":"","law":"114 Stat. 335","lat":"-77.047811607291493","lng":"38.89105448438724","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":["5"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"From Authorizing Law: \"to authorize a plaque to honor those Vietnam veterans who died after their service in the Vietnam War, but a direct result of that service."},{"id":"165","title":"Iranian Rescue Mission (Operation Eagle Claw)","location":"Arlington National Cemetery","description":"Commemorates 8 fallen soldiers who died during a failed military operation attempting to rescue 52 American hostages from the U.S. Embassy in Tehran, Iran in 1980.","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.074013","lng":"38.876759","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"Commemorates 8 fallen soldiers who died during a failed military operation attempting to rescue 52 American hostages from the U.S. Embassy in Tehran, Iran in 1980."},{"id":"221","title":"James Forrestal","location":"Pentagon Building","description":"(1892-1949) Secretary of the Navy and the Secretary of Defense.","landowner":"FEDERAL - VA","sponsor":"Department of Defense","authorization":"1949","dedication":"1950","npslink":null,"law":"N\/A","lat":"-77.05630302429199","lng":"38.87277794439763","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"(1892-1949) Secretary of the Navy and the Secretary of Defense."},{"id":"166","title":"James Madison Memorial Building of the Library of Congress","location":"Library of Congress, Independence and First Street, SE","description":"The official national memorial to James Madison.  A statue of Madison exists at the Independnce Avenue entrance.","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.004723","lng":"38.887115","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"The official national memorial to James Madison."},{"id":"167","title":"Jane A. Delano and the Nurses of World War I Who Died in Service-1933","location":"Red Cross Hqts, 17th & D Sts, NW","description":"(1862-1919) Chairman of Committee of Red Cross Nursing Services during WWI.  Died in a barracks hospital in France in 1919 while on an inspection tour after the end of the war; memorial also lists the 296 nurses who died in WWI.","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.040787","lng":"38.894894","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"(1862-1919) Chairman of Committee of Red Cross Nursing Services during WWI."},{"id":"52","title":"Japanese American Patriotism in World War II","location":"New Jersey\/Louisiana Aves & D St, NW","description":"From Authorizing Law: \"to honor Japanese American patriotism in World War II.\" According to the National Japanese American Memorial Foundation (NJAMF), the Mission is to \"tell our story of service and sacrifice in protecting the Constitutional rights of all Americans.\" According to the NJAMF, the Memorial serves as a reminder of the loyalty and patriotism of Japanese American veterans during the War and as an apology on behalf of the United States for the unlawful internment of Japanese Americans.\r\n","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"The National Japanese American Memorial Foundation","authorization":"1992","dedication":"2000","npslink":"","law":"106 Stat. 3273","lat":"-77.010283301034548","lng":"38.894584484165208","fsvenue2":"4b3e2b92f964a520199925e3","fsvenue1":"496942","themes":["9"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"From Authorizing Law: \"to honor Japanese American patriotism in World War II."},{"id":"53","title":"Japanese Lantern","location":"West Potomac Park","description":"Commemorates Commodore Perry's historic visit to Japan. These lanterns were used to honor the Shoguns of the Tokughawa period. The Tokughawa period (1603-1867) was the final period of traditional Japan, a time of internal peace, political stability, and economic growth under the shogunate (military dictatorship) founded by Tokugawa Ieyasu.\r\n","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Governor of Tokyo","authorization":"","dedication":"1958","npslink":"","law":"N\/A","lat":"-77.040971489271882","lng":"38.886706695813444","fsvenue2":"4bb60654941ad13aacc41ee3","fsvenue1":"2125022","themes":["11","3"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"Commemorates Commodore Perry's historic visit to Japan."},{"id":"55","title":"Joan of Arc","location":"Meridian Hill Park, 16th & Florida Ave","description":"(1412-1431) French patron Catholic saint. Young woman who led the French armies against the British forces, the siege of Orleans during the 100 Years' War.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Given by the Societe des Femmes de France of New York to the women of the United States","authorization":"1922","dedication":"1922","npslink":"http:\/\/www.nps.gov\/mehi\/index.htm","law":"42 Stat. 468","lat":"-77.035704890588207","lng":"38.920702852170471","fsvenue2":"4d41874acb84b60c31f98fab","fsvenue1":"16278873","themes":["11"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1412-1431) French patron Catholic saint."},{"id":"26","title":"John Ericsson","location":"West Potomac Park","description":"(1803-1889) Swedish-American inventor of the screw propeller, mechanical engineer and designer of the iron-clad monitor.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"U.S. Government and private contributions (through Scandinavian descendants organizations)","authorization":"1916","dedication":"1926","npslink":"","law":"39 Stat. 671","lat":"-77.050189400160576","lng":"38.886643136603205","fsvenue2":"4d922bf7939e54813b68dd9e","fsvenue1":"19459247","themes":["1"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1803-1889) Swedish-American inventor of the screw propeller, mechanical engineer and designer of the iron-clad monitor."},{"id":"212","title":"John F. Kennedy Gravesite","location":"Arlington National Cemetery","description":"(1917-1963) 35th President of the United States. The entire gravesite area was set aside by the Secretary of the Army, with the approval of the Secretary of Defense, to honor the memory of the president.  Other members of the Kennedy family are buried within the confines of the commemorative area.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Secretary of Defense","authorization":"1963","dedication":"1963","npslink":null,"law":"N\/A","lat":"-77.07150980830193","lng":"38.881524399160014","fsvenue2":"4b8bcfc2f964a52081ac32e3","fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"(1917-1963) 35th President of the United States."},{"id":"108","title":"John Philip Sousa","location":"Marine Barracks Annex, 7th St & Virginia Ave SE","description":"(1854-1932) An American composer and conductor of the late Romantic era, known particularly for American military and patriotic marches. One of the only commemorations to honor musicians. Because of his mastery of march composition and resultant prominence, he is known as \"The March King.\"","landowner":"FEDERAL - DOD","sponsor":"To be determined: Staff Seeking Input.","authorization":"","dedication":"","npslink":"","law":"","lat":"-76.996632","lng":"38.877781","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":["1"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1854-1932) An American composer and conductor of the late Romantic era, known particularly for American military and patriotic marches."},{"id":"168","title":"John Philip Sousa","location":"Congressional cemetery, 18th and E St, SE, southwest section, range 77, sit","description":"(1854 -1932) An American composer and conductor of the late Romantic era, known particularly for American military and patriotic marches. Because of his mastery of march composition and resultant prominence, he is known as \"The March King.\"","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-76.979691","lng":"38.881203","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"(1854 -1932) An American composer and conductor of the late Romantic era, known particularly for American military and patriotic marches."},{"id":"99","title":"John Saul Marker","location":"Ellipse, E St & Executive Ave, NW","description":"(1819-1987) Horticulturist and nurseryman, who volunteered for the committee that cleared Washington's streets. Worked with Andrew Downing.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Daughter of B.F. Saul I, Rose Saul Zalles","authorization":"","dedication":"1965","npslink":"","law":"","lat":"-77.035268875775685","lng":"38.89526537552166","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":["1","4"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1819-1987) Horticulturist and nurseryman, who volunteered for the committee that cleared Washington's streets."},{"id":"169","title":"John Wesley","location":"Wesley Theological Seminary, 4500 Massachusetts Ave NW","description":null,"landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.090546","lng":"38.940849","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":null},{"id":"125","title":"John Witherspoon","location":"Connecticut Ave & N St, NW","description":"(1723-1794) Presbyterian minister and patriot of the new country. Signed Declaration of Independence and served as president of Princeton. One of the organizers of the Presbyterian Church in America.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"U.S. Government\/Witherspoon Memorial Association","authorization":"1908","dedication":"1909","npslink":"","law":"35 Stat. 579","lat":"-77.041779491438035","lng":"38.907173131730424","fsvenue2":"4c055e2f187ec928e155b87b","fsvenue1":"4430690","themes":["2","9"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1723-1794) Presbyterian minister and patriot of the new country."},{"id":"170","title":"Jose Cecilio Del Valle","location":"Organization of American States Bldg, Const. & 17th St., NW","description":null,"landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.040932","lng":"38.893143","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":null},{"id":"171","title":"Joseph Darlington Fountain","location":"","description":"(1849-1920)  Developed and Donated by Prominent D.C. attorney.  Fountain features life-size nymph and fawn.","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.018478","lng":"38.895241","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"(1849-1920)  Developed and Donated by Prominent D.C. attorney."},{"id":"59","title":"Jules Jusserand","location":"Rock Creek Park (Beach Drive, South of Pierce Mill, NW)","description":"(1855-1932) French ambassador to the U.S. during WWI, friend of President T. Roosevelt. First memorial erected on federal property to a foreign diplomat.\r\n","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Jusserand Memorial Committee","authorization":"1935","dedication":"1936","npslink":"","law":"49 Stat. 386","lat":"-77.051974182594392","lng":"38.939120432552023","fsvenue2":"4dc49bf4814d1bfbca2aed04","fsvenue1":"21794447","themes":["11","3"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1855-1932) French ambassador to the U.S. during WWI, friend of President T."},{"id":"20","title":"Justice William Douglas","location":"Chesapeake & Ohio Canal and 30th St NW","description":"(1898-1980) U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice. With a term lasting 36 years, he is the longest-serving justice in the history of the Supreme Court. He was honored for saving the C & O Canal.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"TBD: Staff Seeking Input.  Given in recognition of his support of the C&O.","authorization":"1977","dedication":"1977","npslink":"","law":"91 Stat. 21","lat":"-77.059460","lng":"38.904179","fsvenue2":"4bd26b25046076b0f2167471","fsvenue1":"0","themes":["10"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1898-1980) U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice."},{"id":"39","title":"Khalil Gibran","location":"Normanstone Parkway & Mass Ave, NW","description":"(1883-1931) Lebanese-American poet and artist. Most famous literary work is The Prophet.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Paid for by Private Donations and Lebanese American organizations.","authorization":"1984","dedication":"1991","npslink":"","law":"98 Stat. 2715","lat":"-77.061386154187119","lng":"38.920471198083796","fsvenue2":"4c37318bc44a95218da83d52","fsvenue1":"5804243","themes":["1","11","3"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1883-1931) Lebanese-American poet and artist."},{"id":"172","title":"Korean War Contemplative Bench","location":"","description":"Inscription reads: \"The beginning of the end of war lies in remembrance\" (Herman Wouk).  Given in memory of Americans who died in the Korean War","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.073189","lng":"38.877079","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"Inscription reads: \"The beginning of the end of war lies in remembrance\" (Herman Wouk)."},{"id":"63","title":"Korean War Veterans Memorial","location":"West Potomac Park","description":"From Authorizing Law: \"to honor members of the Armed Forces of the United States who served in the Korean war, particularly those who were killed in action, are still listed as missing in action, or were held as prisoners of war.\"","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":null,"authorization":"1986","dedication":"1995","npslink":"http:\/\/www.nps.gov\/kowa\/index.htm","law":"100 Stat. 3226","lat":"-77.047643254822319","lng":"38.887764057176163","fsvenue2":"4a491e86f964a520ffaa1fe3","fsvenue1":"66870","themes":["5"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"From Authorizing Law: \"to honor members of the Armed Forces of the United States who served in the Korean war, particularly those who were killed in action, are still listed as missing in action, or were held as prisoners of war."},{"id":"66","title":"Law Enforcement Officers Memorial","location":"Judiciary Sq, 4th, 5th btwn E & F St NW","description":"Honors more than 18,000 federal, state and local law enforcement officers killed in the line of duty. Inscription includes each officer's name, and new names are added to the monument each spring, in conjunction with National Police Week.","landowner":"PUBLIC - OTHER","sponsor":"National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund","authorization":"1984","dedication":"1991","npslink":"","law":"98 Stat. 2712","lat":"-77.017523135188412","lng":"38.896748175078152","fsvenue2":"4abbf425f964a520a58520e3","fsvenue1":"131616","themes":["9"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"Honors more than 18,000 federal, state and local law enforcement officers killed in the line of duty."},{"id":"68","title":"Lincoln Memorial","location":"West Potomac Park","description":"(1809-1865) 16th U.S. President. Inscribed: \"In this temple, as in the hearts of the people for whom he saved the Union, the memory of Abraham Lincoln is enshrined forever.\" Led country through its greatest internal crisis, the American Civil War. Introduced measures that resulted in the abolition of slavery, issuing his Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 and promoting the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution. The first American president to be assassinated.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"U.S. Government","authorization":"1911","dedication":"1922","npslink":"http:\/\/www.nps.gov\/linc\/index.htm","law":"36 Stat. 898","lat":"-77.049836426547969","lng":"38.889237560155792","fsvenue2":"4a4fbaecf964a520a0af1fe3","fsvenue1":"68217","themes":["10","5","12","6","15","8"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1809-1865) 16th U.S. President."},{"id":"173","title":"Louise J.M. Daguerre","location":"National Portrait Gallery","description":"(1787-1851) Inventor of the earliest practical system of photography, the daguerreotype","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.022118","lng":"38.897614","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"(1787-1851) Inventor of the earliest practical system of photography, the daguerreotype."},{"id":"102","title":"Lt General Winfield Scott","location":"Scott Circle","description":"(1786 - 1866) Served in American military for 50 years; including the War of 1812, Mexican-American War and Civil War; considered national hero primarily for service in Mexican-American War.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"To be determined: Staff Seeking Input.","authorization":"1867","dedication":"1874","npslink":"","law":"14 Stat. 571","lat":"-77.036531146645359","lng":"38.907237526780797","fsvenue2":"4bc79ef60050b7138914b93b","fsvenue1":"2546500","themes":["5","12","6","14"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1786 - 1866) Served in American military for 50 years; including the War of 1812, Mexican-American War and Civil War; considered national hero primarily for service in Mexican-American War."},{"id":"101","title":"Lt General Winfield Scott","location":"U.S. Armed Forces Retirement Home 2nd & Upshur Sts, NW","description":"(1786 - 1866) General who served in American military for 50 years; including the War of 1812, Mexican-American War and Civil War. Considered national hero primarily for service in Mexican-American War. Influential in establishing the U.S. Armed Force Retirement Home.","landowner":"FEDERAL - DOD","sponsor":"To be determined: Staff Seeking Input.","authorization":"To be determined: Staff Seeking Input.","dedication":"1873","npslink":"","law":"","lat":"-77.011326010687867","lng":"38.941051724148302","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":["5","12","6","15"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1786 - 1866) General who served in American military for 50 years; including the War of 1812, Mexican-American War and Civil War."},{"id":"35","title":"Mahatma Gandhi","location":"Massachusetts Ave & Q St @ 21st St, NW","description":"(1869-1948) Political and spiritual leader of India during the Indian independence movement. ","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Given by the Government of India.","authorization":"1998","dedication":"2000","npslink":"","law":"112 Stat. 2701","lat":"-77.046964","lng":"38.911024","fsvenue2":"4c0e92fc5ab6c9b6b5fdeffe","fsvenue1":"4689150","themes":["11","3"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1869-1948) Political and spiritual leader of India during the Indian independence movement."},{"id":"71","title":"Maine Lobstermen","location":"Southwest Waterfront Park","description":"Original statue intended to honor lobstermen and highlight importance of lobster industry to the State of Maine.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Camp Fire Girls of Cundys Harbor placed copy of original sculpture (original done for an exhibit in the Hall of States at 1939-40 NY Worlds Fair) as its way of celebrating the International Year of the Child.","authorization":"1980","dedication":"1983","npslink":"","law":"94 Stat. 1066","lat":"-77.021257","lng":"38.875560","fsvenue2":"4dd810fad4c05d5096f9e7b0","fsvenue1":"22599889","themes":["7"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"Original statue intended to honor lobstermen and highlight importance of lobster industry to the State of Maine."},{"id":"79","title":"Major General George Meade","location":"Pennsylvania Ave & 3rd St, NW","description":"(1815-1872) General during the Civil War. Known for leading defense of Gettysburg while commanding Union forces. Commanded the Army of the Potomac in 1863.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"State of Pennsylvania and the Meade Monument Commission","authorization":"1915","dedication":"1927","npslink":"","law":"38 Stat. 1222","lat":"-77.016432714977967","lng":"38.892165467341343","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":["5","12","6","15"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1815-1872) General during the Civil War."},{"id":"113","title":"Major General George Thomas","location":"Thomas Circle","description":"(1816-1870) U.S. Army officer and Union General during the American Civil War (despite his heritage as a Virginian). Gained fame as the \"Rock of Chickamauga\" by his defense of the position in 1863.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Army of the Cumberland Society","authorization":"1876","dedication":"1879","npslink":"","law":"19 Stat. 114","lat":"-77.031957602750552","lng":"38.905652553398703","fsvenue2":"4b1e5276f964a520bb1824e3","fsvenue1":"391436","themes":["5","12","6","15"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1816-1870) U.S. Army officer and Union General during the American Civil War (despite his heritage as a Virginian)."},{"id":"78","title":"Major General James McPherson","location":"15th bet K & I Sts. NW","description":"(1828-1864) Career U.S. Army officer who served as a general in the Union Army during the Civil War; distinguished himself at the battle of Atlanta and was chief engineer on General Grant's staff.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Society of the Army of Tennessee","authorization":"1875","dedication":"1876","npslink":"","law":"18 Stat. 391","lat":"-77.034125470028883","lng":"38.901960063914572","fsvenue2":"4b70a5c5f964a52070272de3","fsvenue1":"1011722","themes":["5","12","6","15"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1828-1864) Career U.S. Army officer who served as a general in the Union Army during the Civil War; distinguished himself at the battle of Atlanta and was chief engineer on General Grant's staff."},{"id":"174","title":"Major General Philip Kearny","location":"","description":null,"landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.074318","lng":"38.87991","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":null},{"id":"91","title":"Major Walter Reed Memorial","location":"WRAMC, 16th St & Alaska Ave, NW","description":"(1851 - 1902) U.S. Army physician, confirmed theory that yellow fever is transmitted by mosquitoes, rather than direct contact. This insight gave impetus to new fields of epidemiology and biomedicine and led to development of serum to eradicate disease.","landowner":"FEDERAL - DOD","sponsor":"To be determined: Staff Seeking Input.","authorization":"","dedication":"","npslink":"","law":"N\/A","lat":"-77.034202026845762","lng":"38.97371702681388","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":["5"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1851 - 1902) U.S. Army physician, confirmed theory that yellow fever is transmitted by mosquitoes, rather than direct contact."},{"id":"175","title":"Man Helping Man","location":"American College of Cardiology, 2400 N St NW","description":"Commissioned by the American College of Cardiology, the work \"celebrates man's upward climb, overcoming obstacles and providing a better quality of life.\"","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.051613","lng":"38.907085","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"Commissioned by the American College of Cardiology, the work \"celebrates man's upward climb, overcoming obstacles and providing a better quality of life."},{"id":"209","title":"Marine Corps War Memorial (Iwo Jima)","location":"Arlington Boulevard & Ridge Road","description":"From Authorizing Law: \"Authorizing...a memorial to the Marine Corps dead of all wars.\"  Design is based on the famous Rosenthal photograph of a small group of Marines raising the American Flag during battle at Iwo Jima.  While the statue depicts one of the most famous incidents of World War II, the memorial is dedicated to all Marines who have given their lives in the defense of the United States since 1775.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Authorized by U.S. Congress, U.S. Marines, former Marines, Marine Corps Reservists, friends of the Marine Corps, and members of the Naval Service funded the memorial. ","authorization":"1947","dedication":"1954","npslink":"http:\/\/www.nps.gov\/gwmp\/marinecorpswarmemorial.htm","law":"N\/A","lat":"-77.06974491477013","lng":"38.890427398340464","fsvenue2":"4b0d8ea8f964a520064b23e3","fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"From Authorizing Law: \"Authorizing."},{"id":"176","title":"Martin Luther","location":"Thomas Cir., Mass Ave & 14th St. NW","description":"(1483-1546) Theologian who initiated Protestant Reformation, believed salvation is gift from God received only by grace through faith in Jesus rather than from good works. Theses positions challenged selling indulgences and authority of Pope, translated Bible into German which established basis for modern German language.","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.0317","lng":"38.906551","fsvenue2":"4c77fb7ea868370487ae0b4d","fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"(1483-1546) Theologian who initiated Protestant Reformation, believed salvation is gift from God received only by grace through faith in Jesus rather than from good works."},{"id":"8","title":"Mary McLeod Bethune","location":"Lincoln Park","description":"(1875 - 1955) American educator and civil rights leader. Founded the Daytona Normal and Industrial Institute for Negro Girls (now Bethune-Cookman College) in 1904, and served as president from 1904-1942 and from 1946-47. A leader in the black women's club movement and served as president of the National Association of Colored Women. Founder of the National Council of Negro Women. ","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"The National Council of Negro Women, Inc.  Paid for privately and with funds from the U.S. Government.","authorization":"1960","dedication":"1974","npslink":"http:\/\/www.nps.gov\/cahi\/historyculture\/cahi_lincoln.htm","law":"74 Stat. 154","lat":"-76.989160004638109","lng":"38.889803111396155","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":["9"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1875 - 1955) American educator and civil rights leader."},{"id":"1","title":"Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence","location":"Constitution Gardens","description":"Commemorates the bicentennial of the signing of the Declaration of Independence and honor the signers. The Declaration was adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, and it announced that the 13 American colonies were independent states. Written primarily by Thomas Jefferson, it is a formal explanation of why Congress declared independence from Great Britain. ","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"The American Revolution Bicentennial Administration","authorization":"1978","dedication":"1984","npslink":"http:\/\/www.nps.gov\/nr\/travel\/wash\/dc50.htm","law":"92 Stat. 197","lat":"-77.042855005246722","lng":"38.891050872873024","fsvenue2":"4c0b09e4bbc676b09c014bd5","fsvenue1":"4596139","themes":["2"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"Commemorates the bicentennial of the signing of the Declaration of Independence and honor the signers."},{"id":"177","title":"Michelangelo Buonarotti","location":"Casa Italiana 595 1\/2 3rd St, NW","description":"(1475 -1564) One of the greatest artists of the Italian Renaissance. Painter, sculptor, architect, poet, and engineer.","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.015045","lng":"38.897701","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"(1475 -1564) One of the greatest artists of the Italian Renaissance."},{"id":"178","title":"Military Nurses Memorial","location":"","description":"Honors the nurses who served in the U.S. armed forces in World War I, many of whom rest among the hundreds of nurses buried in Section 21 -- also called the \"Nurses Section.\" Rededicated in 1971 to commemorate Army, Navy and Air Force Nurses.","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.074829","lng":"38.874855","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"Honors the nurses who served in the U.S. armed forces in World War I, many of whom rest among the hundreds of nurses buried in Section 21 -- also called the \"Nurses Section."},{"id":"179","title":"Motherland","location":"National Red Cross Headquarters Building, 430 17th St NW","description":"Statue of a mother holding a child.  The sculptor, Friederich Sogoyan, lived through the Armenian earthquake of 1988.  According to Goode, Motherland tells of one mother who was buried for several days with her infant son before they could be rescued.  With no food, the mother cut her hand and fed her baby her blood.  They both survived.","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.040024","lng":"38.895233","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"Statue of a mother holding a child."},{"id":"82","title":"National Cemetery Markers at Battleground National Cemetery (4 Monuments)","location":"6625 Georgia Ave NW, bet Whitter & Van B","description":"1) Erected by State of NY in honor of war dead from the 25th NY Volunteers who died in the defense of the Capital in 1864; 2) erected by the State of NY in honor of the war dead from 122nd NY Volunteers (Onondaga Co.) who died in defense of the Capital. 3) erected by the State of Ohio for the 150th Ohio National Guard Infantrymen who took part in the defense of Washington at Ft. Stevens; 4) erected by State of Pennsylvania to honor war dead and wounded who fought in defense of Washington.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"States of New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania","authorization":"","dedication":"1914","npslink":"","law":"N\/A","lat":"-77.026694778999982","lng":"38.970722898702512","fsvenue2":"4e305aa81850242590497208","fsvenue1":"26318157","themes":["5"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"1) Erected by State of NY in honor of war dead from the 25th NY Volunteers who died in the defense of the Capital in 1864; 2) erected by the State of NY in honor of the war dead from 122nd NY Volunteers (Onondaga Co."},{"id":"83","title":"National Grange Marker\/Plaque","location":"National Mall","description":"From Auth Law: \"To permit the National Grange to erect a marker on Federal land in [DC];\" oldest private national agricultural organization in the U.S., lists the names of the 7 founders.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"National Grange","authorization":"1950","dedication":"1950","npslink":"","law":"64 Stat. 906","lat":"-77.017883877872251","lng":"38.890406328801873","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":["7"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"From Auth Law: \"To permit the National Grange to erect a marker on Federal land in [DC];\" oldest private national agricultural organization in the U.S., lists the names of the 7 founders."},{"id":"130","title":"Navy and Merchant Marine Memorial","location":"Lady Bird Johnson Park","description":null,"landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"U.S. Navy ","authorization":"1924","dedication":"1924","npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.04725","lng":"38.876278","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":["5"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":null},{"id":"180","title":"Netherlands Carillon","location":"Arlington National Cemetery","description":"Expresses the gratitude of the Dutch people for American aid received during and after World War II. The carillon itself symbolizes the friendship between the people of the Netherlands and the U.S..","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.069496","lng":"38.888115","fsvenue2":"4baa9661f964a5203f773ae3","fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"Expresses the gratitude of the Dutch people for American aid received during and after World War II."},{"id":"85","title":"Nuns of the Battlefield","location":"RI Ave. & M St, NW","description":"Represents nuns of different orders who nursed the sick and weak during Civil War. Inscription reads: (upper) \"They comforted the dying, Nursed the wounded, carried hope to the imprisoned, gave in His name a drink of water to the thirsty.\"?(lower) \"To the memory and in honor of \/ The Various Orders of Sisters \/ who gave their services as nurses on battlefields \/ and in hospitals during the Civil War.\"","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Ladies' Auxiliary of Ancient Order of Hibernians in America","authorization":"1918","dedication":"1924","npslink":"","law":"40 Stat. 500","lat":"-77.040066251779749","lng":"38.905801647681805","fsvenue2":"4e3966c131513619909982c2","fsvenue1":"26791658","themes":["5","1"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"Represents nuns of different orders who nursed the sick and weak during Civil War."},{"id":"110","title":"Oscar Strauss","location":"14th bet Const. & Pa. Aves","description":"(1850-1926) One of America's first career diplomats, first Jewish cabinet officer, attorney, served as Secretary of Commerce and Labor under President Theodore Roosevelt and was active in supporting America's entry into the League of Nations.","landowner":"FEDERAL - OTHER","sponsor":"To be determined: Staff Seeking Input.","authorization":"1927","dedication":"1947","npslink":"","law":"N\/A","lat":"-77.031490147317101","lng":"38.893850603489192","fsvenue2":"4dac5db093a04642f0a873d9","fsvenue1":"20714835","themes":["11"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1850-1926) One of America's first career diplomats, first Jewish cabinet officer, attorney, served as Secretary of Commerce and Labor under President Theodore Roosevelt and was active in supporting America's entry into the League of Nations."},{"id":"86","title":"Peace Monument","location":"Pennsylvania Ave @ 1st St, NW","description":"Memorial to officers, sailors and marines in the U.S. Navy who fell in defense of the Union and \"Liberty of their country\" during the Civil War. \"They died so their country might live.\" Figures represent America weeping on the shoulder of History, Peace, Victory, Neptune, and Mars.","landowner":"FEDERAL - OTHER - AOC","sponsor":"Paid for by U.S. Government and contributions from Navy personnel","authorization":"1876","dedication":"1877","npslink":"","law":"","lat":"-77.012279158771733","lng":"38.89065299352955","fsvenue2":"4bc4fcde0969a5931651636e","fsvenue1":"2483026","themes":["5"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"Memorial to officers, sailors and marines in the U.S. Navy who fell in defense of the Union and \"Liberty of their country\" during the Civil War."},{"id":"81","title":"Peter Muhlenberg","location":"Conn. Ave @ 36th & Ellicott Sts., NW","description":"(1746-1807) Statesman, clergyman, and soldier of the Revolutionary War era. Fought in major battles of the American Revolution. \"in the language of Holy Writ there is a time for all things there is a time to pray and a time to fight... and that time has now come.\" 300 men from his congregations joined the Army.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"St. Paul's Lutheran Church (donated land and raised money).","authorization":"1928","dedication":"1980","npslink":"","law":"45 Stat. 483","lat":"-77.069491543866931","lng":"38.953572018490448","fsvenue2":"4e10b6447d8b4d5613d4647d","fsvenue1":"24879860","themes":["5","9","12","6","13"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1746-1807) Statesman, clergyman, and soldier of the Revolutionary War era."},{"id":"181","title":"Peter Paul Rubens","location":"Renwick Gallery, Pennsylvania Avenue and 17th St NW","description":"(1577-1822) Prolific seventeenth-century Flemish Baroque painter, and a proponent of an extravagant Baroque style that emphasized movement, color, and sensuality. He is well-known for his Counter-Reformation altarpieces, portraits, landscapes, and history paintings of mythological and allegorical subjects.  Rubens was a classically-educated humanist scholar, art collector, and diplomat who was knighted by both Philip IV, King of Spain, and Charles I, King of England.","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.039307","lng":"38.898994","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"(1577-1822) Prolific seventeenth-century Flemish Baroque painter, and a proponent of an extravagant Baroque style that emphasized movement, color, and sensuality."},{"id":"211","title":"Pierre Charles L'Enfant Gravesite","location":"Arlington National Cemetery","description":"Author of original City Plan for Washington, DC.  L'Enfant was a captain, U.S. Engineers, and a brevet major, U.S. Army, Revolutionary War. Died 1825, reburied in present location 1909. Site formally dedicated with a monument in 1911.\r\n","landowner":"FEDERAL - DOD","sponsor":"Secretary of War, at the request of the Washington Board of Commissioners","authorization":"1908","dedication":"1911","npslink":null,"law":"N\/A","lat":"-77.07230910658836","lng":"38.88109010344055","fsvenue2":"4bc88cf614d79521fd4069e9","fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"Author of original City Plan for Washington, DC."},{"id":"182","title":"Pope John Paul II","location":"","description":"Elected Pope in 1978 and was the first non-Italian Pope in over 400 years.","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.004372","lng":"38.938053","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"Elected Pope in 1978 and was the first non-Italian Pope in over 400 years."},{"id":"183","title":"President Abraham Lincoln Statue","location":"","description":null,"landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.017555","lng":"38.895035","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"According to Goode, this statue was the first public monument to Lincoln and Washingtonians began to raise funds for it immediately after the assassination."},{"id":"51","title":"President Andrew Jackson","location":"Lafayette Square","description":"(1767-1845) 7th U.S. President who achieved his greatest military fame at the Battle of New Orleans in 1815, which was the final major battle of the War of 1812. This statue depicts Jackson as he appeared at the Battle of New Orleans.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Commissioned by the Jackson Monument Committee and sponsored by the Jackson Democratic Association (Democratic Party)","authorization":"1848","dedication":"1853","npslink":"","law":"9 Stat. 340","lat":"-77.036545559256794","lng":"38.899504132112064","fsvenue2":"4c681a7619f3c9b6f819a4ff","fsvenue1":"7622568","themes":["10","5","6","12","14","8"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1767-1845) 7th U.S. President who achieved his greatest military fame at the Battle of New Orleans in 1815, which was the final major battle of the War of 1812."},{"id":"24","title":"President Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial (planned)","location":"Independence Ave btwn 4th & 6th Streets, SW","description":"From the Authorizing Law: \"Congress finds that- The people of the United States feel a deep debt of gratitude to Dwight D. Eisenhower, who served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe in World War II and subsequently as 34th President of the US; and an appropriate permanent memorial ...should be created to perpetuate his memory and his contributions to the US.\" (1890-1969) Oversaw cease-fire of the Korean War, launched Space Race, began Interstate Highway System, enlarged Social Security.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"The Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial Commission, established by Congress.","authorization":"2002","dedication":"","npslink":"","law":"115 Stat. 2273","lat":"-77.018741","lng":"38.887075","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":["10","5","12","6","18","8"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"From the Authorizing Law: \"Congress finds that- The people of the United States feel a deep debt of gratitude to Dwight D."},{"id":"94","title":"President Franklin Delano Roosevelt (desk)","location":"9th St & Pennsylvania Ave, NW","description":"(1882 - 1945) 32nd U.S. President. President Roosevelt reportedly told his friend Supreme Court Justice Felix Frankfurter, \"If they are to put up any memorial to me, I should like it to be placed in the center of that green plot in front of the Archives Building. I should like it to consist of a block about the size [of this desk].\" In accordance with his wishes, a small, simple memorial to him was placed on the lawn near the corner of 9th Street and Pennsylvania Avenue.  This small memorial predates the larger memorial in West Potomac Park by some 30 years.  It has a short inscription: \"In Memory of Franklin Delano Roosevelt 1882-1945.\"","landowner":"FEDERAL - OTHER","sponsor":"Private Contributors","authorization":"","dedication":"1965","npslink":"","law":"","lat":"-77.023665932937320","lng":"38.893465935344381","fsvenue2":"4d9781af744f3704a94fd757","fsvenue1":"19722618","themes":["10","5","12","6","18","8"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1882 - 1945) 32nd U.S. President."},{"id":"95","title":"President Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Memorial","location":"West Potomac Park","description":"(1882 - 1945) 32nd U.S. President. Elected to unprecedented 4 terms in office and leader during Great Depression and WWII. Complex memorial depicts the various contributions he made, including inscriptions and sculptures related to the New Deal and Tennessee Valley Authority. Sculptures depicting Roosevelt in a wheelchair and featured with his pet are also included.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"FDR Memorial Commission, established by Congress; paid for by U.S. Government and private contributions","authorization":"1955","dedication":"1997","npslink":"","law":"69 Stat. 694","lat":"-77.041689412527916","lng":"38.883122231219012","fsvenue2":"4a10649df964a520b7761fe3","fsvenue1":"51637","themes":["10","5","12","6","18","8"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1882 - 1945) 32nd U.S. President."},{"id":"122","title":"President George Washington","location":"Washington Circle","description":"From Authorizing Law: \"To Erect at the Capital of the Nation an Equestrian Statue of Washington;\" shown in the uniform as Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army at the Battle of Princeton so near the front lines that his horse refused to advance. (1732-1799) 1st U.S. President, Founding Father, and the commander of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783). One of two equestrian statues of Washington in the city.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"U.S. Gov't\/Washington Monument Society","authorization":"1876","dedication":"1885","npslink":"","law":"19 Stat. 123","lat":"-77.050110150982903","lng":"38.902530413743641","fsvenue2":"4b9978aef964a520c47c35e3","fsvenue1":"1571740","themes":["10","12","6","5","13","8"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"From Authorizing Law: \"To Erect at the Capital of the Nation an Equestrian Statue of Washington;\" shown in the uniform as Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army at the Battle of Princeton so near the front lines that his horse refused to advance."},{"id":"12","title":"President James Buchanan","location":"Meridian Hill Park, 16th & Florida Ave, NW","description":"(1791-1868) 15th U.S. President, diplomat and attorney. Served in the War of 1812 and was later Representative in Congress, U.S. Minister to Russia and to Great Britain and Secretary of State. Shown with two figures representing Law and Diplomacy.\r\n","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Given by Mrs. Harriett Lane Johnson, Buchanan's niece","authorization":"1918","dedication":"1930","npslink":"","law":"40 Stat. 632","lat":"-77.034964","lng":"38.919671","fsvenue2":"502ab510e4b0ed9600d956ca","fsvenue1":"0","themes":["10","11","8"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1791-1868) 15th U.S. President, diplomat and attorney."},{"id":"36","title":"President James Garfield","location":"1st St & Maryland Ave SW","description":"(1831-1881) 20th U.S. President, Brigadier General in the Civil War, House Representative, state senator, professor and president of Hiram College. His death, 2 mo. after being shot and 6 mo. after his inauguration, made his tenure the 2nd shortest in U.S. History.","landowner":"FEDERAL - OTHER - AOC","sponsor":"The Society of Army of Cumberland; paid for by U.S. Government and private contributions","authorization":"","dedication":"1887","npslink":"","law":"N\/A","lat":"-77.012245338747363","lng":"38.888957190573464","fsvenue2":"4bc4fef70969a5931755636e","fsvenue1":"2483217","themes":["10","8"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1831-1881) 20th U.S. President, Brigadier General in the Civil War, House Representative, state senator, professor and president of Hiram College."},{"id":"56","title":"President Lyndon Baines Johnson Memorial Grove on the Potomac","location":"Lady Bird Johnson Park","description":"(1908-1973) 36th U.S. President. Became president following the assassination of President Kennedy. Responsible for designing the \"Great Society\" legislation that included laws that upheld civil rights, Medicare, Medicaid, aid to education, and his attempt to help the poor in his \"War on Poverty.\" Simultaneously, he escalated American involvement in the Vietnam War.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"","authorization":"1973","dedication":"1974","npslink":"http:\/\/www.nps.gov\/lyba\/index.htm","law":"87 Stat. 809","lat":"-77.051315378046127","lng":"38.878669520673228","fsvenue2":"4bc52ab5693695216dcf8388","fsvenue1":"2486501","themes":["10","5","8"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1908-1973) 36th U.S. President."},{"id":"96","title":"President Theodore Roosevelt","location":"Theodore Roosevelt Isl&","description":"(1858-1919) 26th U.S. President. A leader of the Rough Riders during the Spanish-American War, also Governor of New York. Ardent lover of nature; memorial's location on T.R. Island is set aside as a wildlife refuge and natural preserve.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Commission, established by Congress; paid for by U.S. Government and private contributions","authorization":"1932","dedication":"1967","npslink":"","law":"47 Stat. 163","lat":"-77.063945322767239","lng":"38.897446886053572","fsvenue2":"4aad3f2df964a5203b5f20e3","fsvenue1":"120113","themes":["10","5","12","6","16","8"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1858-1919) 26th U.S. President."},{"id":"41","title":"President Ulysses S. Grant","location":"Union Square","description":"(1822-1885) 18th U.S. President and General-in-Chief of the Union Army during the American Civil War. Fought for key victories at Vicksburg and Chattanooga; secured the Mississippi River. Accepted the surrender of the Confederacy.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Proposed by the Society of the Army of Tennessee; Congress authorized the Grant Memorial Commission to establish the commemoration and the U.S. Government contributed to the expense.","authorization":"1901","dedication":"1922","npslink":"","law":"31 Stat. 803","lat":"-77.012927735864153","lng":"38.889775451598588","fsvenue2":"4bb64dd9f562ef3b7ef22f97","fsvenue1":"2133452","themes":["10","5","12","6","15","8"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1822-1885) 18th U.S. President and General-in-Chief of the Union Army during the American Civil War."},{"id":"184","title":"President William Howard Taft","location":"","description":null,"landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.069366","lng":"38.883648","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":null},{"id":"185","title":"Professor Joseph Henry","location":"Smithsonian Castle, 1000 Jefferson Dr SW","description":null,"landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.025993","lng":"38.889145","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":null},{"id":"186","title":"Queen Isabella I","location":"Organization of American States Bldg, Const. & 17th St., NW","description":"(1451-1504) Isabella was the prime supporter of Christopher Columbus's voyages to develop a new route to the Orient. Those voyages led to his discovery of the Americas for Europe.","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.039673","lng":"38.892845","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"(1451-1504) Isabella was the prime supporter of Christopher Columbus's voyages to develop a new route to the Orient."},{"id":"187","title":"Red Cross Men & Women Killed in Service","location":"Red Cross Hqts, 17th & D Sts, NW","description":null,"landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.040787","lng":"38.894703","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":null},{"id":"25","title":"Robert Emmet","location":"Massachusetts Ave & 24th St, NW","description":"(1778-1803) Irish patriot and early leader in the cause of Irish Independence, on indefinite loan from the Smithsonian Institution. Inscription includes excerpts from Emmet's speech during the trial where he was sentenced to death: \"I wish to procure for my country the guarantee which Washington procured for America...I have parted from everything that was dear to me in this life for my country's cause...\"","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Commissioned by American citizens of Irish ancestry; given to the Smithsonian; rededicated in 1966 to celebrate Irish independence.","authorization":"","dedication":"1966","npslink":"","law":"","lat":"-77.052738790705277","lng":"38.913897649353181","fsvenue2":"4d5968d135966dcb8c775428","fsvenue1":"17215648","themes":["11"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1778-1803) Irish patriot and early leader in the cause of Irish Independence, on indefinite loan from the Smithsonian Institution."},{"id":"111","title":"Robert Taft","location":"U.S. Capitol Grounds bet Constitution, & New Jersey & Louisiana Aves.","description":"(1889-1953) U.S. Senator, son of President William H. Taft, attorney; conservative leader who opposed New Deal and U.S. involvement in World War II.","landowner":"FEDERAL - OTHER - AOC","sponsor":"To be determined: Staff Seeking Input.","authorization":"","dedication":"1959","npslink":"","law":"N\/A","lat":"-77.010984888569354","lng":"38.892733493286478","fsvenue2":"4b97dfd2f964a520d61b35e3","fsvenue1":"1546626","themes":["10"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1889-1953) U.S. Senator, son of President William H."},{"id":"188","title":"Rough Riders","location":"Arlington National Cemetery","description":"Honors members of the 1st US Volunteer Cavalry. This regiment, commanded by Theodore Roosevelt, played a major role in the storming of San Juan Hill, Cuba, during the Spanish-American War.","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.075996","lng":"38.875423","fsvenue2":"4f7f3545e5e8cf764f5c3f84","fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"Honors members of the 1st US Volunteer Cavalry."},{"id":"189","title":"Ruben Dario","location":"Organization of American States Bldg, Const. & 17th St., NW","description":null,"landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.040359","lng":"38.892609","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":null},{"id":"190","title":"Saint Francis and the Turtle Doves","location":"Franciscan Monestary, 14th and Quincy Sts, NE","description":"Honors St. Francis of Assisi, who dedicated his life to poverty and simplicity.","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-76.98568","lng":"38.937462","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"Honors St."},{"id":"191","title":"Saint Michael","location":"Franciscan Monestary, 14th and Quincy Sts, NE","description":"Archangel and defender of the church.","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-76.985817","lng":"38.937252","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"Archangel and defender of the church."},{"id":"40","title":"Samuel Gompers","location":"10th St & Massachusetts Ave, NW","description":"(1850-1924) An American labor union leader and a key figure in American labor history. Founded the American Federation of Labor (AFL).","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"American Federation of Labor (AFL)","authorization":"1928","dedication":"1933","npslink":"","law":"45 Stat. 193","lat":"-77.026519936842860","lng":"38.904008904883739","fsvenue2":"4baa305df964a520a8513ae3","fsvenue1":"1891582","themes":["9"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1850-1924) An American labor union leader and a key figure in American labor history."},{"id":"43","title":"Samuel Gross","location":"Massachusetts Ave btwn 15th & 16th Sts","description":"(1805-1884) American academic trauma surgeon. He is the subject of \"The Gross Clinic,\" a famous 1875 painting by Thomas Eakins.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Physicians and Surgeons of U.S.","authorization":"1895","dedication":"1897","npslink":"","law":"28 Stat. 973","lat":"-77.035661","lng":"38.907256","fsvenue2":"","fsvenue1":"0","themes":["1"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1805-1884) American academic trauma surgeon."},{"id":"44","title":"Samuel Hahnemann","location":"Massachusetts Ave btwn Corregidor St & 16th Sts, NW","description":"(1755-1843) German founder of the science of homeopathy and leader of the medical reformation in the 19th Century. Developed the \"law of similars\" diseases are cured by drugs that produce a similar effect when injected in healthy humans.\r\n","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"American Institute of Homeopathy","authorization":"1900","dedication":"1900","npslink":"","law":"31 Stat. 709","lat":"-77.035723730680559","lng":"38.907237072668991","fsvenue2":"4c93f2ae03413704f4686def","fsvenue1":"9421192","themes":["1","11"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1755-1843) German founder of the science of homeopathy and leader of the medical reformation in the 19th Century."},{"id":"92","title":"Sarah Rittenhouse","location":"Montrose Park","description":"(1845-1943) Considered the founder of Montrose Park in Georgetown and is given credit for saving the park from a housing development planned in the early 1900's.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Georgetown Garden Club","authorization":"1953","dedication":"1956","npslink":"","law":"67 Stat. 196","lat":"-77.061088","lng":"38.913073","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":["4"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1845-1943) Considered the founder of Montrose Park in Georgetown and is given credit for saving the park from a housing development planned in the early 1900's."},{"id":"215","title":"Seabees Monument","location":"Memorial Drive, Arlington, VA","description":"Honors the Seabees, the U.S. Naval Construction Battalions (CBs) of the Navy.  Memorial depicts Seabees as builder, fighter and \"Ambassador of Goodwill.\" During WWII, the Seabees built: 111 airports, 441 piers, 2558 ammunition magazines, and hospital space for 70,000 patients...(Goode). From inscription: \"With compassion for others we build - we flight for peace with freedom.\"","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"U.S. Navy","authorization":"1972","dedication":"1972","npslink":null,"law":"N\/A","lat":"-77.06264913082123","lng":"38.884979356723065","fsvenue2":"4da84bf31e72d9bb4741fd7d","fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"Honors the Seabees, the U.S. Naval Construction Battalions (CBs) of the Navy."},{"id":"103","title":"Second Division Memorial","location":"Ellipse @ 17th St. & Constitution Ave.","description":"Honors those of the U.S. Army's Second Division who gave their lives in WWI in 1917-1919. Wings have been added since construction to represent efforts in WWII and Korean War.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"Second Division","authorization":"1931","dedication":"1936","npslink":"","law":"46 Stat. 1515","lat":"-77.037976401554758","lng":"38.892577790905072","fsvenue2":"4c2bcaabb34ad13a3a5ceace","fsvenue1":"5462943","themes":["5"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"Honors those of the U.S. Army's Second Division who gave their lives in WWI in 1917-1919."},{"id":"192","title":"Senator James McMillan Fountain","location":"","description":"Honors Senator James McMillan (1838-1902) A popular Senator from Michigan and member of the Senate Committee that oversaw Washington.  In that capacity, he made many contributions to the city, including development of a water filtration system and new streets.","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.012741","lng":"38.92329","fsvenue2":"4f7f35e1e5e8cf764f5c5309","fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"Honors Senator James McMillan (1838-1902) A popular Senator from Michigan and member of the Senate Committee that oversaw Washington."},{"id":"100","title":"Serenity","location":"Meridian Hill Park, 16th & Florida Ave","description":"Given in memory of Lt. Commander William Henry Schuetze, US Navy. (1853-1902) Led expedition to retrieve bodies of American explorers who died in the Arctic, also served in Siberia during the Spanish-American War.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"To be determined: Staff Seeking Input.","authorization":"","dedication":"","npslink":"","law":"","lat":"-77.036326440748269","lng":"38.92268392876538","fsvenue2":"4d4ec25020d3236a94c69e28","fsvenue1":"16805561","themes":["5","12","6","16"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"Given in memory of Lt."},{"id":"104","title":"Settlers of the District of Columbia","location":"15th St bet E & Constitution Ave","description":"From Authorizing Law: \"Authorizing memorial to the early settlers whose land grants embrace the site of the Federal City\" (original 18 patentees prior to 1700).","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"National Society of Daughters of American Colonists","authorization":"1936","dedication":"1936","npslink":"","law":"49 Stat. 1137","lat":"-77.033836296678160","lng":"38.893858955832307","fsvenue2":"4da4fbd4ced72782621c19d8","fsvenue1":"20361968","themes":["4"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"From Authorizing Law: \"Authorizing memorial to the early settlers whose land grants embrace the site of the Federal City\" (original 18 patentees prior to 1700)."},{"id":"9","title":"Sir William Blackstone","location":"Constitution Ave & 3rd St, NW","description":"(1723-1780) British judge and professor who produced historical and analytic treatise entitled Commentaries on the Laws of England, which became an important source for drafters of the U.S. Constitution. Cast 1920, erected 194.","landowner":"FEDERAL - OTHER","sponsor":"Intended to be gift from the American Bar Association to English Bar Association but it was too big to fit in the Hall of Courts in London. Donated to US gov't and a smaller copy was made for British.","authorization":"","dedication":"1943","npslink":"","law":"N\/A","lat":"-77.015985","lng":"38.892529","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":["2"],"authorized":1,"shortdesc":"(1723-1780) British judge and professor who produced historical and analytic treatise entitled Commentaries on the Laws of England, which became an important source for drafters of the U.S. Constitution."},{"id":"193","title":"Space Shuttle Challenger","location":"","description":"Memorializes Challenger space shuttle explosion in January 1986.","landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.074043","lng":"38.876743","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"Memorializes Challenger space shuttle explosion in January 1986."},{"id":"216","title":"Spanish War Veterans Memorial (The Hiker)","location":"Memorial Drive, Arlington, VA","description":"Honors veterans of the Spanish-American War (who called themselves \"hikers\") and the Philippine Insurrection (1898-1902).  The pedestal has a bas-relief that represents the America coming to the aid of Spanish colonies.","landowner":"FEDERAL - NPS","sponsor":"United Spanish War Veterans","authorization":"1964","dedication":"1965","npslink":"http:\/\/www.nps.gov\/gwmp\/thehiker.htm","law":"N\/A","lat":"-77.06242382526398","lng":"38.88459832266018","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"Honors veterans of the Spanish-American War (who called themselves \"hikers\") and the Philippine Insurrection (1898-1902)."},{"id":"194","title":"Spanish-American War Memorial","location":"","description":null,"landowner":null,"sponsor":null,"authorization":null,"dedication":null,"npslink":null,"law":null,"lat":"-77.074532","lng":"38.875362","fsvenue2":null,"fsvenue1":"0","themes":"","authorized":0,"shortdesc":"From inscription: \"To the glory of God and in grateful remembrance of the men and women of the armed forces who in this century gave their lives for our country that freedom might live."},{"id":"195","title":"Spanish-American War Nurses","location":"Arlington National Cemetery","description":"Honors Nurses who died in the Spanish-American War, the first war where nurses were organized.  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  google.maps.event.addListener(marker, 'click', function() {
    infowindow.setContent(contentString); 
    infowindow.setOptions({maxWidth:250});
    infowindow.open(map,marker);
    map.panTo(latlngclk);
  });

  // save the info we need to use later for the side_bar
  gmarkers.push(marker);
}

// This function picks up the click and opens the corresponding info window
function myclick(i) {
  google.maps.event.trigger(gmarkers[i], "click"); 
}

function loadmarkers(themeid) {

  for (var i = 0, markerData; markerData = data.memorials[i]; i++) {
		    var themearray = markerData.themes;
			var authorized = markerData.authorized;
			var incurrenttheme = false;
			var ispresident = 0;  
			for (var t = 0; t < themearray.length; t++){
			  if(themearray[t] == themeid) {
				  var incurrenttheme = true;
			  } 
			  if(themearray[t] == 8) {
				  ispresident = 1;  
			  }
			}
			
			var randomid = themeid;
			if(!incurrenttheme) {
			   randomid = themearray[Math.floor(Math.random() * themearray.length)];
			   if(ispresident) {
			     randomid = 8;
			   }
  			   
			   while(randomid > 12) {
			     randomid = themearray[Math.floor(Math.random() * themearray.length)];
			   }
			}
			
		    if((themeid == null) || incurrenttheme) {
              var latlng = new google.maps.LatLng(markerData.lng, markerData.lat); 
			  var newlat = eval(markerData.lng) + .002;
			  //alert("o:"+markerData.lat+"n:"+newlat);
			  var latlngclk = new google.maps.LatLng(newlat, markerData.lat); 
	          var html = "<div class=\"iw-title\">"+markerData.title+"</div><div class=\"iw-text\">Location: "+markerData.location+"</div><div class=\"iw-description\">"+markerData.shortdesc+"</div><div class=\"iw-link\"><a href=\"https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/web/20130218043937/http://www.ncpc.gov/map/detail.php?id="+markerData.id+"\">Learn more &raquo;</a></div>";
		      //var marker = createMarker(latlng,latlngclk,markerData.title,html,randomid);
			  var marker = createMarker(latlng,latlngclk,markerData.title,html,authorized);
		    }
	      }}


function loadauthmarkers() {

  for (var i = 0, markerData; markerData = data.memorials[i]; i++) {
		    var authorized = markerData.authorized;
		
		   		
		    if(authorized == 1) {
              var latlng = new google.maps.LatLng(markerData.lng, markerData.lat); 
			  var newlat = eval(markerData.lng) + .002;
			  //alert("o:"+markerData.lat+"n:"+newlat);
			  var latlngclk = new google.maps.LatLng(newlat, markerData.lat); 
	          var html = "<div class=\"iw-title\">"+markerData.title+"</div><div class=\"iw-text\">Location: "+markerData.location+"</div><div class=\"iw-description\">"+markerData.shortdesc+"</div><div class=\"iw-link\"><a href=\"https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/web/20130218043937/http://www.ncpc.gov/map/detail.php?id="+markerData.id+"\">Learn more &raquo;</a></div>";
		      //var marker = createMarker(latlng,latlngclk,markerData.title,html,randomid);
			  var marker = createMarker(latlng,latlngclk,markerData.title,html);
		    }
	      }}

function initialize() {

  var latlng = new google.maps.LatLng(38.895175,-77.036304);
    
  var myOptions = {
    zoom: 15,
    center: latlng,
    mapTypeId: google.maps.MapTypeId.ROADMAP,
	panControl: true,
    panControlOptions: {
      position: google.maps.ControlPosition.LEFT_TOP
    },
	zoomControl: true,
    zoomControlOptions: {
      style: google.maps.ZoomControlStyle.LARGE,
      position: google.maps.ControlPosition.LEFT_TOP
    }
  };
    
  map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById("map_canvas"),myOptions);
    
  infowindow = new google.maps.InfoWindow();
    
  google.maps.event.addListener(map, 'click', function() {
    infowindow.close();
  });
  
  var minZoomLevel = 13;
  google.maps.event.addListener(map, 'zoom_changed', function() {
    if (map.getZoom() < minZoomLevel) map.setZoom(minZoomLevel);
  });


/*google.maps.event.addListener(map, 'center_changed', function() {
var location = map.getCenter();
alert(location);
});*/

  loadmarkers();
  
  var mcOptions = {gridSize: .1, maxZoom: 18};
  markerCluster = new MarkerClusterer(map, gmarkers, mcOptions);

}