Climate Variability and Change

Ocean and coastal observing data, such as sea surface temperature, are important for understanding our climate

Ocean and coastal observing data, such as sea surface temperature, are important for understanding our climate

The U.S. Climate Change Program is in critical need of sustained observations and climate indices at regional scales throughout the coastal and nearshore zones, out to the 200-mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ). According to the U.S. Global Change Research Program’s report, Global Climate Impacts in the United States, significant impacts will be experienced by the ocean and coasts due to climate variability and change. In many cases, these will not be new impacts, but rather, an increase in intensity or occurrence of changes and events already experienced by the nation’s coasts and oceans.

Specifically, U.S. coasts are expected to see:
• Increased sea level rise and storm surges,
• More spring runoff plus warmer waters resulting in decreased oxygen,
• Higher water temperatures and increased ocean acidification, and
• Changing ocean current patterns.


Products and Services Addressing Climate Variability and Changes

In Your Region

Alaska, AOOS

  • An interactive map displaying real-time sensors and web cams for the state of Alaska, with links to the data
  • A Model Explorer tool which displays weather, climate and oceanographic model outputs the State
  • An Arctic Research Assets map displaying monitoring efforts in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas


Caribbean, CaRA

  • The data portal delivers coastal ocean data including wind, waves, tides, ocean color, and currents.
  • Access to forecasts from a variety of sources to give the user an integrated view of past, present and forecasted ocean conditions in the US Caribbean region.


Central and Nortenrn California, CeNCOOS

  • Environmental data products and portals, featuring the CeNCOOS Data Portal iPhone App, real-time ocean satellite images
  • Access to real-time coastal conditions through the CeNCOOS Data Portal, including real-time glider data and High Frequency Radar surface current data
  • Ocean and Atmospheric Modeling products, including Monterey Bay conditions and wind and wave forecasts
  • The Changing Ocean in the CeNCOOS Region, a webpage summarizing the types of ocean changes; what to look for, how they could happen, and what recent and historic scientific trends


Gulf of Mexico, GCOOS

  • The GCOOS Data Portal providing timely information about the environment of the of the Gulf of Mexico and its estuaries for use by decision-makers, including researchers, government managers, industry, the military, educators, emergency responders, and the general public.
  • Model products featuring wave and circulation forecasts


Great Lakes, GLOS

  • The Observations Explorer – where users can view real-time and historic data and receive updates from the station or buoy of their choice.
  • The Great Lakes Model Inventory – allowing users to search for models, applications, people, and organizations that address ecosystem health, marine operations, public health and water security, and measuring and adapting to climate change.
  • The Point Query tool, providing quick access to Great Lakes Coastal Forecasting System (GLCFS) input data and model output for a given location and time period.


Mid-Atlantic, MARACOOS

  • Web products such as real-time data and forecasts
  • The MARACOOS Real-Time Data Assets map, with current observing data available through an interactive display
  • Weather forecasts and data from around the Mid-Atlantic Bight for both land and offshore regions
  • Model outputs from four systems forecasting mid-Atlantic bight ocean circulation and a fifth model highlighting storm surge


Northwest, NANOOS

  • The NANOOS Visualization System (NVS), a tool for easy access to data. NVS gathers data across a wide range of assets such as buoys, shore stations, and coastal land-based stations.
  • Maps showing the daily average of ocean surface currents off the Oregon coast. These surface currents are measured with a radio transmitter and receiver using an instrument, the SeaSonde, made by CODAR Ocean Sensors.
  • A tool displaying maps of the Tsunami Evacuation Zones for the Oregon Coast.
  • Real-time Water Quality Data for Shellfish Growers, a pilot project between NANOOS and the National Estuarine Research Reserve System.


Northeast, NERACOOS

  • The Northeast Coastal Ocean Forecast System (NECOFS) – an integrated atmosphere-ocean model system designed for the northeast US coastal.
  • The Real-Time Data Map - displaying real-time observations from buoys and monitoring stations in the Northeast region
  • The Model Forecast /Observation Viewer – a tool that lets the user compare model forecasts against actual observation for both wave height and water levels


Pacific Islands, PacIOOS

  • High Sea Level Forecasts – provides advance notice of the potential for high sea level throughout the Pacific islands
  • Access to circulation, wave, tide, and atmospheric model outputs for the main Hawaiian Islands
  • Hawaii Coastal Erosion Website - provides shoreline change data
  • Real-time observations that show surface currents, harbor surge, readings from stream gauges, and beach safety information


Southern California, SCCOOS

  • Time series from automated and manual shore stations featuring temperature, salinity, chlorophyll, turbidity at regular intervals in the nearshore coastal ocean
  • Information on harmful algae & red tides including comparable data at five regional stations that provide timely updates on Harmful Algal Bloom events.
  • Meteorological observations, data from ships and gliders, wave conditions, surface current maps, and model outputs
  • Visualizations for near real-time applications, including ports and harbors, ship tracking, and Tijuana River plume tracking


Southeast Atlantic, SECOORA

  • Access to near real-time observation information from SECOORA buoys, land and shore stations. From the interactive map users can query and graph data and set up email alerts.
  • Sample temperature, salinity, velocity and circulation information using the South Atlantic Bight and Gulf of Mexico (SABGOM) Coastal Circulation Nowcast/Forecast Model.
  • The ability to view multiple complex data sets and real-time observations. Data types include coral reefs, essential fish habitats, real time and near real time datasets, bathymetry, and other habitats that play crucial roles in the well being of fish and invertebrates.
  • Static maps of individual near real-time observations from the SECOORA region, with data showing winds, currents, SST, HF Radar, water level, and drifters

Nation-Wide

National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

  • The NOAA climate services webpage includes different types of climate related information such as the Global Climate Dashboard and a climate data portal.
  • The National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) is the world's largest active archive of weather data. NCDC produces numerous climate publications and responds to data requests from all over the world.
  • The Climate Program Office lists of data and services important to the understanding of climate.
  • The National Oceanographic Data Center serves to "acquire, process, preserve, and disseminate oceanographic data." Its primary mission is to ensure that global oceanographic data sets collected at great cost are maintained in a permanent archive that is easily accessible to the world science community and to other users.