Readings
Related Reports
- Feed Outlook: December 2012
- Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry Outlook: November 2012
- Feed Outlook: November 2012
- Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry Outlook: October 2012
- Feed Outlook: October 2012
- Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry Outlook: September 2012
- Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry Outlook: August 2012
- Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry Outlook: July 2012
- Slaughter and Processing Options and Issues for Locally Sourced Meat
- Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry Outlook: June 2012
- Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry Outlook: December 2011
- Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry Outlook: October 2011
- Estimating the Substitution of Distillers’ Grains for Corn and Soybean Meal in the U.S. Feed Complex
- Food Safety Audits, Plant Characteristics, and Food Safety Technology Use in Meat and Poultry Plants
- Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry Outlook: September 2011
- Why Have Food Commodity Prices Risen Again?
- Selected Trade Agreements and Implications for U.S. Agriculture
- Consumer-Level Food Loss Estimates and Their Use in the ERS Loss-Adjusted Food Availability Data
- Comparing Two Sources of Retail Meat Price Data
- What the 2008/2009 World Economic Crisis Means for Global Agricultural Trade
- U.S. Food Import Patterns, 1998-2007
- The Interplay of Regulation and Marketing Incentives in Providing Food Safety
- Russia’s Growing Agricultural Imports: Causes and Outlook
- NAFTA at 15: Building on Free Trade
- Supermarket Loss Estimates for Fresh Fruit, Vegetables, Meat, Poultry, and Seafood and Their Use in the ERS Loss-Adjusted Food Availability Data
- The Transformation of U.S. Livestock Agriculture: Scale, Efficiency, and Risks
- The Effects of Avian Influenza News on Consumer Purchasing Behavior: A Case Study of Italian Consumers’ Retail Purchases
- The Economic Organization of U.S. Broiler Production
- Economic Impacts of Foreign Animal Disease
- Dietary Assessment of Major Trends in U.S. Food Consumption, 1970-2005
- How Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) Has Affected World Poultry-Meat Trade
- U.S. Agricultural Trade Update—State Exports
- NAFTA at 13: Implementation Nears Completion
- USDA Agricultural Projections to 2016
- India's Poultry Sector: Development and Prospects
- International Trade and Food Safety: Economic Theory and Case Studies
- Vertical Coordination of Marketing Systems: Lessons From the Poultry, Egg and Pork Industries
Livestock,
Dairy, and Poultry Outlook (monthly) analyzes and presents
short-term forecasts for production, stocks, trade, and per capita
consumption of poultry and eggs; examines changes in poultry and
egg prices at the wholesale and retail levels.
U.S. Broiler Industry: Background Statistics and
Information (updated periodically) offers production, trade,
and price data for the U.S. broiler industry.
USDA
Agricultural Projections to 2018 (February 2009) contains
longrun projections covering supply, demand, prices, and other
economic variables for major U.S. crop and livestock sectors.
The Economic
Organization of U.S. Broiler Production (June 2008), which is
based on a large and representative survey of broiler operations,
describes the industry's organization, housing features, contract
design, fees and enterprise cost structures, and farm and household
finances. Broiler production in the United States is coordinated
almost entirely through systems of production contracts, and the
industry's structure is gradually changing as production shifts to
larger broiler enterprises.
How Highly
Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) Has Affected World Poultry-Meat
Trade (October 2007) discusses the impact of H5N1 strain of
avian influenza on world poultry markets during 2003-06. Consumer
fears adversely affected poultry consumption in many countries, but
as consumers gained confidence that poultry was safe if properly
handled and cooked, world demand for cooked poultry increased.
Organic Poultry and Eggs Capture High Price
Premiums and Growing Share of Specialty Markets (December 2006)
examines trends in markets, animal numbers, and prices for organic
poultry and eggs. Markets for these products in the United States
are expanding rapidly. Price comparisons between organic and
conventional broilers and eggs show significant organic price
premiums.
Economic Effects of Animal Diseases Linked to
Trade Dependency (April 2006) highlights the importance of
livestock and poultry trade to producers and consumers around the
world. Though global meat trade has not fallen in response to
animal disease outbreaks, a few countries have seen significant
changes to their exports and imports. See also Brazil Emerges as Major Force in Global Meat
Markets (April 2006).
Market Integration of the North American Animal
Products Complex (May 2005) examines the economic integration
of the beef, pork, and poultry industries of Mexico, Canada, and
the United States over the past two decades. Sanitary barriers,
which are designed to protect people and animals from diseases, are
some of the most significant barriers to fuller integration of meat
and animal markets. For more information on integration, see North America Moves Toward One Market (June
2005).
Contracts, Markets,
and Prices: Organizing the Production and Use of Agricultural
Commodities (November 2004) reports that contracts are now the
primary method of handling sales of many livestock commodities,
including milk, hogs, and broilers, and of major crops such as
sugar beets, fruit, and processing tomatoes. Production and
marketing contracts governed 36 percent of the value of U.S.
agricultural production in 2001, up from 12 percent in 1969.
Savvy Buyers Spur Food Safety Innovations in Meat
Processing (April 2004) finds that the market incentives that
motivate private firms to invest in food safety innovation seem to
be fairly weak. Results from an ERS survey of U.S. meat and poultry
slaughter and processing plants and two case studies of innovation
in the U.S. beef industry reveal development of a number of
mechanisms to overcome that weakness and to stimulate investment in
food safety innovation. For the full report, see Food Safety Innovation in
the United States: Evidence from the Meat Industry (April
2004).
India's Poultry
Sector: Development and Prospects (February 2004) assess the
supply, demand, structure, and policy factors affecting the growth
of the Indian poultry industry, including the rise of integrated
producers who are fostering improved productivity and reduced
marketing costs.
The Poultry Sector in Middle-Income Countries and
Its Feed Requirements: the Case of Egypt (December 2003)
examines the interaction between domestic feed and animal
production and meat and feed imports. Egypt, a country with little
potential for growing feed, illustrates the issues facing many
middle-income countries.
International Trade
of Meat/Poultry Products and Food Safety Issues (November 2003)
uses case studies to evaluate the international trade implications
of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE or mad cow disease),
foodborne pathogens (e.g., salmonella), and certain production
practices (e.g., drug use for growth promotion) in exporting
countries.
Many factors determine the Structure of the Global Markets for Meat
(September 2003), including the relative availability of resources
for raising and processing animals for meat. Preferences for
various cuts of meat among countries provide opportunities for
international trade.
Manure Management
for Water Quality (June 2003) evaluates the costs of spreading
manure on cropland at the farm, regional, and national levels. EPA
regulations enacted in February 2003 require concentrated animal
feeding operations (generally the largest producers of hogs,
chicken, dairy, and beef cattle) to meet nutrient application
standards when spreading their manure on cropland in order to
preserve water resources from nitrogen and phosphorus runoff. USDA
is encouraging all animal feeding operations to do the same. If all
operations meet the new standards, increases in production costs
could be felt throughout the food and agricultural system.
Implications of Russia's New Poultry Import
Quotas (April
2003) examines the impact of new quotas on livestock imports
imposed by Russia in April 2003. One of the quotas is an absolute
quota on poultry meat imports. Because Russia is one of the largest
destinations for U.S. poultry products, the quota could
significantly affect U.S. poultry exports and prices.
U.S.-Mexico Broiler Trade: A Bird's Eye View
(December 2002) examines sanitary requirements and regulations
currently governing the U.S.-Mexico broiler trade. A sensitivity
analysis, using a cost-minimization mathematical programming model,
detects minimal economic impact on the U.S. broiler market if
Mexico is allowed to ship fresh, chilled, and frozen poultry to the
United States.
An Economic Assessment of Food Safety Regulations:
The New Approach to Meat and Poultry Inspection (July 1997)
evaluates the benefits and costs of reducing microbial pathogens
and preventing foodborne illness using the inspection system called
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP).
Other Links
U.S. Department of Agriculture
National
Agriculture Statistics Service (NASS) provides data on yields,
acreage, production, and prices by State and nationally, and
commodity-specific reports.
- Poultry Slaughter-Monthly report on the
number, average weight of birds slaughtered and the amount of meat
produced; data for broilers, other chicken, turkeys, and
ducks.
- Chicken and Eggs-Monthly report on the number
of birds in the laying flock, the number of eggs produced, and the
average number of eggs per produced per month.
- Cold Storage-Monthly report detailing the
amount of poultry meat (broilers, other chicken, and turkey) held
in cold storage throughout the nation.
- Turkey Hatchery-Weekly report describing the
number of turkey eggs placed in hatcheries and the number of poults
hatched and placed on farms for growout.
- Broiler Hatchery-Weekly report of the number
of eggs placed in hatcheries and the number of chicks placed on
farms.
- Poultry Charts and Maps-Egg, broiler, and
turkey production by year and by State.
- Economics
Agricultural
Marketing Service (AMS) provides current cash grain prices and
market news, as well as information on grain transportation and
exporting, and standardization and grading.
- Poultry and Egg Market News Reports
- Daily broiler prices at various markets throughout the country,
reported three times a week (Monday, Wednesday, and Friday); Friday
report gives average weekly prices.
- Daily turkey prices at various markets throughout the country,
reported three times a week (Monday, Wednesday, and Friday); Friday
report gives average weekly prices.
- Egg prices at various markets throughout the country, reported
twice a week (Monday and Friday); Friday report gives average
weekly prices.
- Egg and Poultry National Weekly Review -Weekly report (Thursday) containing prices for
eggs and broilers, and slaughter data for broilers, other chicken,
and turkey.
Foreign
Agricultural Service provides data on current U.S. poultry and
egg export sales; data on supply and demand (including imports and
exports) for major poultry and egg trading countries; and current
world market and trade reports.
National Agricultural Library, National
Agricultural Library Digital Repository (NALDR) offers online
browsing of historical ERS Agricultural Economic Reports and
Agriculture Information Bulletins.