Overview
The U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service National Wetlands Inventory
(NWI) produces current geospatially referenced information on the
status, extent, characteristics and functions of wetland, riparian,
deepwater and related aquatic habitats in priority areas to promote
the understanding and conservation of these resources.
The Emergency Wetland Resources Act of 1986 directs the Service
to map the wetlands of the United States. Congressional mandates
also require the NWI to produce status and trends reports to Congress
at ten-year intervals. In 1984, the NWI published the first comprehensive
and statistically valid estimate of the status of the Nation’s
wetlands and wetland losses. The first wetlands status and trends
update was published in 1991, with the most recent update published
in 2004. Future updates are scheduled for 2010 and 2020.
Since its establishment, the NWI has produced over 150 publications,
including manuals, plant and hydric soils lists, field guides, posters,
wall size resource maps, atlases, state reports, and numerous articles
published in professional journals.
Who Uses the NWI Maps and How
The information provided by the NWI is used by Federal, State,
local agencies, academic institutions, U.S. Congress, and the private
sector. The public makes extensive use of NWI maps in a wide range
of applications, including planning for watershed and drinking water
supply protection, siting of transportation corridors, construction
of solid waste facilities, and siting of schools and other municipal
buildings.
Resource managers in Federal and State government use the maps
for effective habitat management. For example, they help in identifying
important wetland habitats necessary to perpetuate migratory bird
populations as called for in the North American Waterfowl and Wetlands
Management Plan. Maps have also been used for fisheries restoration
activities, floodplain planning, and endangered species recovery
plans. Regulatory agencies use the maps to help in advanced wetland
identification procedures and to determine wetland values and mitigation
requirements.
Private sector planners use the maps to determine location and
nature of wetlands to aid in framing alternative plans to meet regulatory
requirements. The maps are instrumental in preventing problems and
in providing facts that allow sound business decisions to be made
quickly, accurately, and efficiently. Good planning protects the
habitat value of wetlands for wildlife, preserves water quality,
provides flood protection, and enhances ground water recharge, among
many other wetland values.