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Comparative Research

Last updated: 01/16/2009

Overview

Comparative research looks at two or more similar groups, individuals, or conditions by comparing them. This comparison often focuses on a few specific characteristics. This method can also be used to compare the same group, condition, or individual over time (also called longitudinal comparison). Comparisons may be qualitative or quantitative.

Credit: NOAA CSC Social Science Methods for Marine Protected Areas Managers

General Considerations

Application
The use of comparative research in resource management can be applied in many ways. Managers can compare certain characteristics of one area to another area to determine how well a management strategy is working. For example a manager could compare two neighboring Marine Protected Areas - one in which artisanal fishing is regulated and another where no regulations are in place.

Strengths and Limitations

Strengths

• If data are available, research can be conducted quickly
• Results can be used to provide support for management decisions
• Provides direct comparisons of two or more areas or elements, both geographical and temporal (this is also known as longitudinal)

Limitations

• Difficult to control for all factors
• Requires quantifiable data if statistical comparison is desired
• Needs baseline data or control group

Examples and Case Studies

Willingness to Pay in Rocky Intertidal Ecosystems in Orange County, California Estimating how much visitors would be willing to pay to prevent further degradation to the rocky intertidal zone.

Entrance Fees for Marine Sanctuaries in the Philippines Determining how many tourists are willing to pay to dive in areas where fishing is prohibited.

Expertise Needed
This technique may require a basic understanding of statistics and knowledge of issues being researched.

Contact Information
Please email partner@hd.gov for a list of partners who have expertise in comparative research.

Resources

Comparative Research Methods
A discussion of comparitive research methods by Linda Hantrais, Director of the European Research Centre, Loughborough University. Article published by the Department of Sociology at the University of Surrey.

How to Write a Comparative Analysis
Guidelines from the Harvard Writing Center.