Beach FX

USACE approaches to estimation of storm damages and shore protection benefits have typically relied on a frequency-based evaluation framework that is analogous to that used in riverine flood damage analysis. Generally, this framework divides the causes of property loss into two classes: storm effects and long-term shoreline recession. Storm effects are represented by an erosion frequency relationship and in some cases wave and flooding damage. Long-term erosion effects are based on historical shoreline records, and are handled separately. This leads to a set of conflicting assumptions and simplifications, for example that all storms impact the same beach cross-shore profile, or that the historical erosion rate can be treated deterministically and independently from storms sequences.