It is generally accepted that low-level exposure to some contaminants can disrupt animal reproduction and development by modulating, mimicking, or interfering with normal hormonal function. These contaminants include biogenic hormones created in the body, synthetic hormones (such as those manufactured for birth control or menopausal supplement), and industrial/commercial compounds which can have some hormonal function (such as alkylphenols, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and phthalates). Toxics Program research associated with endocrine disruption includes:

• Field Study of the Estrogenicity of Municipal Effluent
• Laboratory Study of Effects of Municipal Effluent on Native Fish Species
• Field Study of Endocrine Disruption in Lake Mead

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