Embassy of the United States Spain

We receive inquiries every day from people who have been defrauded for hundreds and sometimes thousands of dollars by Internet contacts they thought were friends of loved ones. Internet scams are attempts by con artists to convince you to send them money. These fraudulent schemes can include lotteries, on-line dating services, inheritance notices, work permits/job offers, bank overpayments, or even make it appear that you are helping a friend in trouble.

Do NOT believe you won a lottery you never entered or inherited money from someone you never met or heard of.  Do NOT believe any offers (lottery, inheritance, etc.) that require a fee to be paid up front.  Do NOT provide personal or financial information to businesses you don't know or haven't verified.

In many cases, scammers wander the Internet for victims, and spend weeks or months building a relationship.  Once they have gained their victim's trust, the scammers create a false situation and ask for money.  Scammers can be very clever and deceptive, creating sad and believable stories that will persuade you to send them money.

Before you send funds, check to see if you recognize any of the following signs, and realize that you may be a potential victim of a scam:

• You only know your friend or fiancé online and may never have met in person.  In some cases, the victim even believed he or she has married the scammer proxy.
• Photographs of the scammer show a very attractive person, and appear to have been taken at a professional modeling agency or photo studio.  If they provide you with a copy of their passport or visa, you can always contact the U.S. Embassy in the country where the passport or visa was issued to verify the validity of the document. 
• The scammer's luck is incredibly bad - he/she is in a car crash, or arrested, or mugged, or beaten, or hospitalized.  Close family members are dead or unable to assist.  Sometimes, the scammer claims to have a young child overseas who is ill or hospitalized. 
• You have sent money for visas or plane tickets but they can't seem to make it to their destinations, citing detention by immigration officials, or other reasons that prevent them from traveling. 
• Beware of anyone who requests funds for a BTA, or Basic Travel Allowance, as a requirement to depart another country for the United States.  There is no such thing as a BTA.  In other cases, your Internet friend may claim to be in need of a travel allowance to be able to travel to the United States.  Again, there is no such requirement under U.S. law. 
• The scammer claims to have been born and raised in the United States, but uses poor grammar and spelling – most likely indicators of a non-native English speaker. 
• Although the scammer may claim to be in Spain, he or she may ask that the money be sent to an account in another country.  Alternatively, the scammer may state he or she is in a third country but requests that funds be sent to Spain. 
• The scammer may even claim to be contacting you from a U.S. Embassy, where your partner, business associate, or friend is being detained pending payment of some type of fee.  U.S. Embassies do NOT detain people. 
• The scammer urges you not to contact your relative or friend in need.  You should do the exact opposite and contact your relative or close friends who know about his/her whereabouts.  Often you will find out that your relative “supposedly in need of help in Spain” is not even in Spain.

Internet scammers are using social networking sites to find victims.  The scammers obtain a person's login information, change his/her profile to make it appear as if the person is in trouble, then contact the person's friends via those websites asking them to send money to help.  To avoid falling victim to such a scam, always be suspicious of anyone asking for money through the Internet, including social networking sites, and always verify the friend's supposed circumstances by speaking to him or her directly.  ALWAYS protect your online identity by securing your logins and passwords.

Adoption scams are becoming increasingly common.  The perpetrators of child adoption fraud often claim to be indigent parents unable to care for a child or members of the clergy working at an orphanage seeking a good home for a child.  Anyone should be very cautious about sending money or traveling abroad to adopt a child from an orphanage they have only heard about through e-mails.  A new twist in the conventional email adoption scam has appeared recently, and this one occurs after the victim discovers that he or she has been fooled by a scam.  Once the victim suspects fraud and breaks off communications with the scammers, a new email message will arrive claiming to be from a police agency.  These fictitious policemen will offer to recover the victim's lost money. The scammers will then ask for a "refundable" fee to open the investigation or court files.

Recently, we have seen a lot of scams involving au-pairs.  Make sure you are communicating with the au-pair agency and not someone else from the outside who has been using the au-pair website fraudulently to gather clients.  You can always verify the contact information you have with the au-pair agency before continuing any communication, like sending personal information and photographs for the host family, and never send any money to anyone else than the official au-pair agency.

All of these scams have one thing in common - they contain requests for money.  Sometimes you are asked to pay money to obtain something of value for yourself (e.g. a prize, a romantic relationship, more money); or you are asked to pay money to help a friend in trouble.  In any case, the ultimate indicator of a scam is that you are always asked to give money.

Unfortunately, during the economic crisis in Spain a lot of people fell victim to a popular scam extending a very promising employment offer with high income.  Always verify the source, never pay anything for an employment offer, and always remember if it is too good to be true, it probably is not real.   

Con artists can be very creative and very determined.  Be skeptical.  Do not send anyone money unless you are certain that it is a legitimate request - even if you think you know the person well based on your Internet correspondence.  You are unlikely to be able to recover money lost in such scams.  For more information, please see the Department of State's brochure at http://travel.state.gov/pdf/international_financial_scams_brochure.pdf.

If you believe you are the victim of an Internet scam:

1. Do not send money.  Unfortunately, any money you have already sent will probably not be recoverable.
2. End all communication with the scammer immediately, rather than attempting a resolution directly.  If you feel threatened, contact your local police at once.  Do NOT attempt to personally recover the funds lost.  Contact the appropriate authorities to resolve the matter.
3. Report the matter immediately to The Internet Crime Complaint Center, a partnership among the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the National White Collar Crime Center (NW3C), and the Bureau of Justice Assistance (BIA), at www.ic3.gov; and, if you are in Spain, to the Policía Nacional or Guardia Civil.
4. If the scam originated through a particular website, notify the administrators of that website.

Contact your relative/friend in need and find out if the story is true.