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Photographing the Earth from the International Space Station

Astronaut Photography of Earth - Display Record

ISS027-E-16922

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File NameFile Size (bytes)WidthHeightAnnotatedCroppedPurposeComments
View ISS027-E-16922.JPG 69132640437 No No
View ISS027-E-16922.JPG 204652540359 Yes Yes NASA's Earth Observatory web site
View ISS027-E-16922.JPG 6340511000664 No Yes NASA's Earth Observatory web site
View ISS027-E-16922.JPG 146214242882929 No No

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Electronic Image Data

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Identification

Mission: ISS027 Roll: E Frame: 16922 Mission ID on the Film or image: ISS027
Country or Geographic Name: CHINA
Features: LAKE AYAKUM, RIVER DELTAS, SEDIMENTS
Center Point Latitude: 37.5 Center Point Longitude: 89.2 (Negative numbers indicate south for latitude and west for longitude)
Stereo: (Yes indicates there is an adjacent picture of the same area)
ONC Map ID: JNC Map ID:

Camera

Camera Tilt: 23
Camera Focal Length: 400mm
Camera: N2: Nikon D2Xs
Film: 4288E : 4288 x 2848 pixel CMOS sensor, RGBG imager color filter.

Quality

Film Exposure:
Percentage of Cloud Cover: 10 (0-10)

Nadir

Date: 20110425 (YYYYMMDD)GMT Time: 111325 (HHMMSS)
Nadir Point Latitude: 38.8, Longitude: 89.3 (Negative numbers indicate south for latitude and west for longitude)
Nadir to Photo Center Direction: South
Sun Azimuth: 273 (Clockwise angle in degrees from north to the sun measured at the nadir point)
Spacecraft Altitude: 185 nautical miles (343 km)
Sun Elevation Angle: 17 (Angle in degrees between the horizon and the sun, measured at the nadir point)
Orbit Number: 3260

Captions

River Deltas, Lake Ayakum, China (Tibet)

The Tibetan Plateau contains numerous lakes that dot an otherwise arid landscape. Lake Ayakum is located near the northern boundary of the Plateau to the southeast of the Kunlun Mountains. While many of the small glacier- and snowmelt-fed streams that cross the Tibetan Plateau eventually give rise to major Southeast Asian rivers including the Mekong and Yangtze, some empty into saline lakes such as Lake Ayakum.

This detailed astronaut photograph highlights two river deltas (image upper left and image lower right) formed along the southwestern shoreline of the lake. When sediments build up to the point that a river can no longer flow over them, it will jump to a new channel position and begin the process anew. Over geologic time the channels tend to sweep back and forth – similar to the motion of an automobile windshield wiper – to form the typical semi-circular or fan shape of the delta.

Gray to tan surfaces of both deltas indicate prior positions of their respective river channels; the uniform coloration and smooth texture suggest that they are relatively old and are now inactive. In contrast, the younger and currently active delta surfaces can be recognized by reddish-brown sediment and clearly visible river channels. Lateral channel migration is particularly evident in the approximately 8 km wide active delta area at image upper left. The reddish coloration of the actively depositing sediment may indicate a change from the sources that formed the older parts of the deltas (or indicate weathering and soil formation on the older deposits), or an episodic input of dust or other material to the river catchments.

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