Project:
A Neotectonic Map of the Earth: A Pilot Study of SRTM Data
State: California
Sponsoring Program: SENH99
Affiliation: Caltech, JPL, IPGP France
Principal Investigator: Sieh,
Kerry
Project:
Combined Analysis of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Interferometric
and Global Positioning System(GPS) Data for Southern California
Crustal Deformation Studies
State: California
Sponsoring Program: Solid Earth & Natural
Hazards96
Affiliation: Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Principal Investigator: Peltzer,
Gilles
URL: http://www-radar.jpl.nasa.gov/insar4crust/
Description:
Improve our understanding of the physics of co-seismic and inter-seismic
processes in Southern California by developing physical models based
on combined analysis of SAR interferometry and GPS data.
Anticipated Benefits:
- Eight
years of InSAR data acquired by the European Space Agency ERS
satellites have been analyzed and combined with GPS data. Agreement
between SAR and GPS data (3 mm/yr) demonstrates the capability
of InSAR to measure inter-seismic strain accumulation along active
faults.
- InSAR
and GPS data were used to measure the effects of sub-surface,
post-seismic relaxation processes after the Landers (1992) and
Northridge (1994) earthquakes, allowing us to place constraints
on the viscosity of the upper mantle in the Mojave domain.
Project:
Correcting Deformation Rates from the SCIGN Network for the Effects
of Human-induced Ground Movements
State: California
Sponsoring Program: SENH96
Affiliation: USGS, NASA/JPL, Orange County Water District,
City of Long Beach, LA Water District
Principal Investigator: Thatcher,
Wayne
URL: http://quake.wr.usgs.gov/study/deformation/
Description: Use satellite radar interferometry (InSAR)
to map spatial and temporal patterns of deformation due to groundwater
and hydrocarbon extraction.
Three
phases of development:
- Use
InSAR mappings to identify problem areas
- Use
SCIGN GPS data to follow temporal changes
- Empirically
correct or model out human induced signals to recover earthquake-related
effects
Strategic
Importance:
- Provide
synoptic, areally complete mappings of deformation within SCIGN
- Provide
space and time history of aquifer deformation to constrain aquifer
properties and aid in water storage management
Anticipated
Benefits:
Improved seismic hazard assessments through more precise SCIGN data
free of contaminating human-induced signals.
Project:
Crustal Deformation and Earthquake Hazard in the Subduction Zones
of Southern Alaska and the North Island of New Zealand
State: Maryland
Sponsoring Program: SENH97
Affiliation: NASA/GSFC
Principal Investigator: Cohen,
Steve
URL: http://denali.gsfc.nasa.gov/personal_pages/cohen/summary.html
Description:
Analyze and develop interpretative models of space-based (GPS) and
land base crustal deformation data at seismically active tectonic
plate boundaries
Strategic Importance:
- Expand
scientific knowledge of the Earth system using from the vantage
point of space and in situ platforms by identifying natural hazards,
processes, and mitigation strategies
- Disseminate
information about the Earth system
Anticipated
Benefits:
- Improved
understanding of earthquake processes-specifically post-, inter-,
and preseismic crustal deformation and their driving mechanisms
- Quantification
of contemporary rates of vertical and horizontal motion in Alaska
where a magnitude 9.2 earthquake occurred in 1964 and in Wellington,
NZ where a magnitude 8
occurred.
Project:
Demonstrating the Application of Space-borne Interferometric Synthetic
Aperture Radar (InSAR) to the Detection and Monitoring of Subsidence
Caused by Ground-Water Pumping
State: California
Sponsoring Program: INSAR
Affiliation: USGS, Santa Clara Water District, San Jose CA
Principal Investigator: Galloway,
Devin
Description:
Measure the magnitudes and patterns of land-surface elevation changes
associated with ground-water discharge and recharge to the aquifer
system in Santa Clara Valley ("Silicon Valley")
Strategic Importance:
- Develop
and validate InSAR applications to monitor the deformation of
aquifer systems
- Develop
a tool to assist in the optimal management of our ground-water
resources
Anticipated
Benefits:
- Displacement
maps of Santa Clara Valley showing areas susceptible to subsidence
- New
insights into the properties of the aquifer system and ground-water
flow in Santa Clara Valley
- Demonstrate
that space-borne remote sensing technology can be applied to the
management of our ground-water resources
Project:
Development of a Fully Three-Dimensional Model of Interacting Fault
Systems for Interpretation of GPS and InSAR Observations
State: California
Sponsoring Program: SENH99
Affiliation: JPL, MIT, UC Davis, WPI, U. Col.
Principal Investigator: Donnellan,
Andrea
URL: http://geodynamics.jpl.nasa.gov/northridge
Description:
Develop fully three-dimensional finite element models to study interacting
fault systemsand make full use of GPS and InSAR observations.
Strategic Importance:
- Ability
to model complex fault systems.
- Understanding
of earthquake fault interactions.
- Deployment
of new experiments.
Anticipated
Benefits:
Improved assessment of earthquake hazard using NASA developed GPS,
InSAR, and modeling techniques.
Project:
Earthquake Hazards in the Eastern Mediterranean
State: Massachusetts
Sponsoring Program: SENH96
Affiliation: MIT, Istanbul Techn. University, Turkish National
Geodetic Survey, National Survey for Seismic Protection
Principal Investigator: Reilinger,
Robert
Description:
Establish a network of GPS tracking stations in the eastern Mediterranean.
Develop appropriate models to interpret the resulting information
in terms plate motions and earthquake hazards.
Strategic Importance:
Extend GPS tracking to sparsely covered region Accurate determination
of Africa-Arabia-Eurasia plate motions Constrain fault slip rates
nd earthquake hazards throughout the eastern Mediterranean
Anticipated Benefits:
Provide improved GPS orbit in a strategically important area of
the globe. Provide an improved physical basis for evaluating earthquake
hazards throughout the Middle East, North Africa, Asia Minor, and
the Caucasus.
Project:
Finding Active Faults and Tectonic Landforms in Densely Forested
Regions using Airborne Laser Terrain Mapping, Puget Lowland, Washington
State: Colorado
Sponsoring Program: SENH99
Affiliation: USGS
Principal Investigator: Johnson,
Samuel
URL: http://geohazards.cr.usgs.gov/pacnw/index.html
Description:
- The
Puget Lowland urban corridor is cut by several active faults that
are poorly documented or have not been recognized because of dense
vegetative cover.
- ALTM
surveys have a unique ability to penetrate forest canopies and
provide high-resolution images of ground topography in areas of
dense vegetation.
- This
project will conduct ALTM surveys over known or suspected fault
zones in the Puget Lowland, imaging fault-related landforms (see
below).
- Field
investigation of fault-related landforms and topography imaged
by ALTM will provide critical data for assessing earthquake hazards
in the Puget Lowland.
Anticipated
Benefits:
- ALTM
surveys and follow-on geologic investigations will provide essential
data for assessment of regional earthquake hazards.
- ALTM
data will also be used broadly by local agencies and others for
land-use planning, assessment of landslide and flood hazards,
watershed and fisheries management, and geologic mapping.
Project: GPS Measurements from Eastern Tibet and Their Implications
for India/Eurasian Intracontinental Deformation
State: Massachusetts
Sponsoring Program: SENH96
Affiliation: MIT, Chengdu Inst. of Geology & Mineral Resources
Principal Investigator: Burchfiel,
B. Clark
Description:
To determine the present-day motion of the crust of the eastern
Tibetan plateau and its foreland and to relate this motion to geological
structures.
Anticipated Benefits:
Provides basic data for evolutionary geodynamic models of the Tibetan
plateau and locates structures of potential seismic hazard.
Project:
GPS Measurements of Localized Intracontinental Deformation in the
Tien Shan Applications to Geodynamics and Earthquake Hazards
State: Massachusetts
Sponsoring Program: SENH96
Affiliation: MIT, Russian Academy of Sciences
Principal Investigator: Molnar,
Peter
URL: http://bowie.mit.edu/~tah/cont98g/cont98.html
Description: Quantify crustal deformation in the Tien Shan
Mountains, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakstan, and its relationship to earthquake
hazards:
- Install
and maintain continuously recording GPS network (D's).
- Provide
data to the International GPS Service for analysis of orbits reference
frames
- Install
and measure approximately monthly a network of 25 sites near Bishkek,
Kyrgyzstan
- Determine
site velocities and deformation field
- Compare
observed deformation field to that for seismic loading
- Develop
and compare methods of data collection and processing with the
SCIGN network, Los Angeles, CA
Strategic
Importance:
- Region
has a high risk of major earthquakes
- GPS
measurements help quantify seismic hazard
Anticipated
Benefits:
- Crucial
data from central Asia for global tracking and for evaluation
of stable global networks
- Constraints
on strain accumulation in populated area of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan
- Development
of methods for analysis of large networks and assessment of cost
and accuracy of campaign vs continuous measurements
Project:
InSAR Measurements of Crustal Deformation from Large Rockbursts
in Mines
State: California
Sponsoring Program: SENH99
Affiliation: Maxwell Technologies Sys. Div., JPL
Principal Investigator: Eneva,
Mariana
Description:
Differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data
and techniques will be used to evaluate detailed spatial distribution
of crustal deformations associated with large rockbursts in mines
and mining subsidence. Likely sites of study will include coal,
throna, and salt mines in the U.S. and gold mines in South Africa.
Results will be used to model the sources of deformation.
Anticipated Benefits:
- Unprecedented
spatial coverage in evaluating surface effects of mining
- Additional
information for modeling
- Demonstration
of usefulness to the mining industry of NASA data collected from
space
Project:
Interferometric SAR Measurements of Surface Deformation Above the
Nazca/South American Plate Boundary
State: New York
Sponsoring Program: SENH96
Affiliation: Cornell University, University of Hawaii
Principal Investigator: Isacks,
Bryan
Description:
To use interferometric SAR to study processes of deformation and
strain accumulation above the seismogenic Chilean convergent plate
boundary. Key product from the analysis of SAR data for northern
Chile is an unprecedentedly high resolution (20 meter) topographic
digital elevation model of the Chilean convergent zone forearc and
the western edge of the Andean plateau. Detection and comprehensive
mapping of modeen faulting in the forearc is yielding new insights
into the tectonics of the Chilean subduction zone.
Anticipated Benefits:
Examine surface expression of faulting in the forearc to determine
late Cenozoic deformations and their connections to seismogenic
strain accumulation and seismic hazards.
Project:
Inversion of Time Dependent Space Geodetic Data
State: California
Sponsoring Program: SENH96
Affiliation: Stanford University
Principal Investigator: Segall,
Paul
Description:
Use space geodetic measurements including Global Positioning System
(GPS) and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) to study
time dependent earthquake and volcanic processes.
Strategic Importance:
To use NASA space geodetic and remote sensing technology in the
assesssment and mitigation of natural hazards.
Anticipated Benefits:
Improved methods for forecasting volcanic eruptions and earthquake
hazards.
Project:
Investigation of the Potential for Monitoring Reservoir-Induced
Crustal Deformation and Seismicity Near the Three Gorges Reservoir
in China using InSAR and GPS Techniques
State: Alaska
Sponsoring Program: SENH99
Affiliation: University of Alaska-Fairbanks, State Seismological
Bureau China
Principal Investigator: Li,
Shusan
Description:
Determine the feasibility for monitoring reservoir-induced crustal
deformation using a combination of satellite interferometric synthetic
aperture radar (INSAR) and global positioning system (GPS) techniques.
Strategic Importance:
- Improve
techniques for early detection of potential seismic activity.
- Improve
public safety and readiness in the event of an intense earthquake.
Anticipated
Benefits:
Mitigate potential hazards of intense earthquakes to a population
of more than 100 million downstream.
Project:
Joint Inversion of InSAR and Seismic Data for Slip Complexity of
Large Earthquakes
State: California
Sponsoring Program: SENH99
Affiliation: JPL, ETH Zurich
Principal Investigator: Lundgren,
Paul
Description:
Interferometric SAR data and seismic waves provide important constraints
on the spatial and temporal slip accompanying and following large
earthquakes. Understanding this will inprove our understanding of
the processes involved during the earthquake and the resulting ground
shaking and surface deformation that pose such a hazard to people
and infrastructure. We are pursuing a course of research that jointly
inverts these data sets to quantify the spatial distribution of
slip on the fault as well as the propagation of the rupture front
(see figures on the right).
Strategic Importance:
- Will
develop a method for quantifying the slips of large earthquakes
in remote regions.
- Will
allow us to critically assess the resolving power of InSAR for
coseismic and postseismic slip of large earthquakes.
Anticipated
Benefits:
- Increase
out understanding of earthquake ruptures.
- Demonstrate
the limitations of C-band InSAR for earthquake studies.
Project:
KLE Analysis of GPS Data in the SCIGN Array
State: Colorado
Sponsoring Program: SENH99
Affiliation: University of Colorado-Boulder
Principal Investigator: Rundle,
John
Description: Define space-time patterns of deformation
data In S. Calif. GPS SCIGN array using Karhunen- Loeve eigenvectors
& Simulations.
Carry
out 5 Step Analysis:
- Acquire
SCIGN time series data
- Form
correlation operators and diagonalize
- Define
principal modes of deformation in S. CA.
- Match
eigenvectors with simulations
- Forward-predict
future deformation & test
Strategic
Importance:
Analysis and possible forecasting of earthquakes.
Anticipated Benefits:
Greatly mitigate loss of life & property in earthquakes.
Project:
New GPS Sites on the Arabian Plate
State: Massachusetts
Sponsoring Program: SENH99
Affiliation: MIT, King Abdulaziz City for Science & Techn.
Principal Investigator: Reilinger,
Robert
Description:
Establish two GPS stations (Blue Diamonds in Figure) on the Arabian
Platform in Saudi Arabia to be supplemented by three additional
stattions by our Saudi partners (red dots)
Strategic Importance:
- Extend
GPS tracking to sparsely covered region
- Accurate
determination of Arabian plate motion
- Constrain
fault slip rates and earthquake hazards on Dead Sea fault
Anticipated
Benefits:
- Provide
improved GPS orbit control in a strategically important area of
the globe
- Provide
an improved physical basis for evaluating earthquake hazards throughout
the Middle East, Asia Minor, and the Caucasus
Project:
North American Plate Boundary and Interpretation of Postseismic
Processes
State: California
Sponsoring Program: SENH96
Affiliation: JPL
Principal Investigator: Ivins,
Eric
Description:
Modeling time-dependent interseismic, post-seismic and preseismic
solid Earth deformation in the North American - Pacific interplate
shear zone with comparison to continuous GPS time series.
Strategic Importance:
- Deep
crustal rheology and mantle viscosity accounted for in crustal
motion models .
- Understanding
of stress relaxation following large earthquakes.
- Explanation
of continuous mode GPS data coupled with gravity data.
Anticipated
Benefits:
Assessment of the potential for combining GPS with GRACE and terrestrial
gravity data.
Project:
Present Day Tectonics of the Central Andes
State: Florida
Sponsoring Program: SENH99
Affiliation: University of Miami
Principal Investigator: Dixon,
Jacqueline
Project:
Remote Sensing to Assist with the Seismic Safety Element for the
General Plan of Region Surrounding Coachella, California
State: California
Sponsoring Program: ARC
Affiliation: San Diego State University, Steven C. Suitt
& Assoc.
Principal Investigator: Kaiser,
John
Description:
- Explore
the feasibility of using remote sensing to identify faults and
seismic risk areas
- Explore
image processing techniques to identify which methods are most
applicable to extracting specific types of geotechnical information
- Evaluate
cost and time implications of remote sensing compared to traditional
methods of identifying faults and seismic risk areas
Strategic
Importance:
- CRSP
Mission A: Develop and validate remote sensing applications with
U.S. companies and universities
- CRSP
Mission B: Enable the productive use of ESE science and technology
in the public and private sectors
Anticipated
Benefits:
- Increased
capabilities of engineering geology firms to identify features
of concern for seismic safety studies.
- Improved
ability to locate required trenches at reduced costs
- Determine
fault location and orientation better than with traditional methods
Project:
Sea Floor Geodetic Monitoring: GPS and Acoustic Methods from an
Oceanic Buoy: Southeast Flank of Hawaii
State: California
Sponsoring Program: SENH96
Affiliation: UCSD
Principal Investigator: Hildebrand,
John
Description:
Develop techniques for geodetic study of seafloor motion using simultaneous
GPS and acoustic ranging. GPS/acoustic methods have thus far been
conducted campaign style, with annual visits. Our project has developed
techniques for continuous GPS/acoustic measurements using a moored
buoy.
Strategic Importance:
-
Seafloor deformation is a significant natural hazard related to
the production of earthquakes, landslides, and tsunamis
- The
Big Island of Hawaii is particularly prone to these natural hazards
and off-shore geodetic monitoring will compliment extensive on-shore
monitoring in this region.
Anticipated
Benefits:
- Technology
for continuous monitoring of offshore deformation.
- Near
real-time GPS/acoustic data processing for rapid assessment of
off-shore hazards.
Project:
Seismic Hazard Assessment Integrating Numerical Modeling, Space
Geodesy and Seismic Strain Rates
State: California
Sponsoring Program: SENH96
Affiliation: University di Roma, JPL
Principal Investigator: Giardini,
Domenico
Description:
To quantify seismic hazard in areas of continental deformation of
the Mediterranean region by combining space geodetic data (GPS and
SLR) with seismic strain rates into a finite element numerical model.
Strategic Importance:
Will determine the applicability of geodetic and numerical model
for helping to quantify seismic hazard.
Anticipated Benefits:
- Models
of plate margin deformation and fault slip can be integrated into
models of seismic hazard.
- This
model can be used in conjunction with other observations to assess
the current seismic hazard in Turkey and adjacent areas.
Project:
Seismic Hazard Assessment of the Hayward Fault, California from
GPS and INSAR Measurements
State: California
Sponsoring Program: SENH97
Affiliation: University of California-Berkeley
Principal Investigator: Bôrgmannm,
Roland
URL: http://perry.geo.berkeley.edu/~burgmann/
Description:
Estimate earthquake potential by mapping out creeping and locked
portions of the Hayward fault at depth using InSAR and GPS data.
Fully processed about 50 interferograms from ESA ERS-1&2 spacecraft
data. Collected data from about 20 new GPS sites Developed joint
inversion methods to combine InSAR and GPS data. Completed study
of northern Hayward fault to find insubstantial locking, and this
lower earthquake hazard from this fault segment. Acquired data to
produce a time series of active deformation about the Hayward fault
from 120 interferograms.
Project:
Shortening and Thickening of Metropolitan Los Angeles from Geodesy
State: California
Sponsoring Program: SENH99
Affiliation: JPL
Principal Investigator: Argus,
Donald
Description:
By using satellite positioning (GPS), the location of hundreds of
sites across greater Los Angeles can be determined to a few mm.
Repeat observations allow the motions of the sites to be determined
to 1mm/yr.
Strategic Importance:
- Quantify
the spatial and temporal evolution of elastic strain building
up across the metropolis.
- Attempt
to attribute the observed shortening to deep slip along thrust
faults beneath metropolitan Los Angeles.
Project:
Study of the Secular and Episodic Crustal Deformation Using Geodetic
Networks
State: California
Sponsoring Program: SENH97
Affiliation: JPL, GSI Japan
Principal Investigator: Dong,
Danan
URL: http://gipsy.jpl.nasa.gov/qoca
Description:
Using global and regional GPS networks to study the crustal velocity
field, coseismic, postseismic and seasonal deformation.
- Estimate
the horizontal velocity field of Japan
- Estimate
seasonal field of global GPS network
- Estimate
postseismic deformation of Landers
Strategic
Importance:
- Extend
the ability current GPS network analysis to process quasi-observations
of more than 1000 sites simultaneously
- Enhance
the accuracy and stability of the global GPS network by studying
the nature of the apparent seasonal deformation
- Study
the weak postseismic deformation signals from network analysis
and combination
Anticipated
Benefits:
-
Scientific publication
- Method
and software for postprocessing large networks
- Demonstrate
that NASA science and technology can be used for rapid catching
the crustal deformation signals by large networks
Project:
Surface Deformation and Topographic Measurements from Radar Interferometry
in the Presence of Vegetation
State: California
Sponsoring Program: SENH96
Affiliation: Stanford University
Principal Investigator: Zebker,
Howard
URL: http://www-star.stanford.edu/sar_group/
Description:
- Use
stacking and filtering to obtain interferograms in areas with
temporal decorrelation
- Apply
phase analyses to obtain near-complete coverage derive subsurface
deformations using inverse methods to model geophysical processes,
such as magma intrusions as shown above in Galapagos Island data
Strategic Importance:
- InSAR
has mostly been used in desert regions, but much of the world
is covered by vegetation
- InSAR-appropriate
inverse methods give detailed pictures of subsurface processes
- We
have been able to derive detailed maps of subsurface magma transport
Anticipated
Benefits:
Unprecedented accuracy in our ability to measure and model subsurface
processes, such as magma flow or seismic dislocation.
Project:
Tectonic-climate Interactions in Active Orogenic Belts: Quantification
of Dynamic Topography with SRTM Data
State: Pennsylvania
Sponsoring Program: SENH97
Affiliation: Penn State University, NASA, NSF
Principal Investigator: Burbank,
Douglas
Description: Quantification of climatic, tectonic, and erosional
controls on the topographic evolution of rapidly deforming mountain
ranges as they interact with past and present surface processes.
Strategic Importance:
- Improve
understanding of the dependence of the shape of mountain belts
on tectonic and climatic conditions
- Define
the impact of climate variations on topographic characteristics
of mountain ranges
- Relate
topographic indices to seismic hazards
Anticipated
Benefits:
Basic research on growth and decay of ranges, providing a means to
use topography to assess rates, ages, potential seismic hazards, and
climatic conditions in poorly known areas
Project:
Tectonics and Volcanism in AFAR Using RadarSAT Interferometry Data
State: California
Sponsoring Program: SENH97
Affiliation: JPL
Principal Investigator: Peltzer,
Gilles
URL: http://www-radar.jpl.nasa.gov/insar4crust/
Description:
The Afar region offers the opportunity to observe mid-oceanic type
spreading centers in subaerial exposure. The region is not covered
by any other (e.g., ERS) interferometric system. Radarsat data will
provide high resolution topographic maps and spatially continuous
surface displacement maps, providing totally new insights into rifting
and volcanic processes.
Anticipated Benefits:
Radarsat data have been acquired over Afar since 1997. Limited amount
of level-0 data provided by ASF allowed us to adapt the processing
software to Radarsat data and assess the capability of the system.
Preliminary results indicate excellent correlation of the radar
signal in this arid region.
Project:
Tectonics of Northridge and the Transverse Ranges
State: California
Sponsoring Program: SENH96
Affiliation: JPL, UCSB
Principal Investigator: Donnellan,
Andrea
URL: http://geodynamics.jpl.nasa.gov/northridge
Description: Deploy, analyze, and model GPS data to understand
global plate tectonics, and earthquake fault systems in southern
California.
Strategic Importance:
- Ability
to model southern California fault systems.
- Understanding
earthquake behavior.
- Complete
global understanding of plate tectonics.
- Deployment
of new experiments.
Anticipated
Benefits:
Improved assessment of earthquake hazard using NASA developed GPS,
InSAR, and computational techniques.
Project:
Topography and Surface Change at Shallow Subduction Zones
State: Maryland
Sponsoring Program: SENH99
Affiliation: NASA/GSFC
Principal Investigator: Sauber,
Jeanne
Description: We will produce, analyze and numerically
model the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) derived digital
elevation map (DEM) of rugged land topography near three subduction
zones:
- Kodiak
Island, in the eastern Aleutians of Alaska, our primary site
- Southern
Cascadia in northern California
- Jalisco,
Mexico
Strategic
Importance:
- Identify
natural hazards
- Understand
the causes and consequences of land cover change
- Increase
public understanding of Earth System Science though education
and outreach
- Make
major scientific contributions to natural and international environmental
assessments
Anticipated
Benefits:
We will produce more accurate DEM's in a global reference frame than
is currently available for the three study regions. Additionally we
will identify potentially active faults on eastern Kodiak Island which
includes the Kodiak launch facility.
Project:
Topography and Surface Change in Southern Alaska: The Interplay
of Oblique Subduction Zone Tectonics and Glaciers
State:
Maryland
Sponsoring
Program: SENH97
Affiliation:
NASA/GSFC
Principal
Investigator: Sauber,
Jeanne
Description:
The interaction between fluctuations in glaciers, land surface
change, and earthquakes was the focus of this study.
Objectives:
- Estimate
the mean topography and first topographic harmonic and higher
order statistics of south central coastal Alaska
- Identify
geophysical and glaciological factors that influence the topographic
features and geodetic data
- Evaluate
the importance of glacial fluctuations on earthquake occurrence
Strategic
Importance:
- Understand
the causes and consequences of land cover change
- Identify
natural hazards
- Increase
public understanding of Earth System Science though education
and outreach
- Make
major scientific contributions to natural and international environmental
assessments
Anticipated
Benefits: We evaluated the influence glaciers have on earthquake
generation and the mountain building process by using geodetic measurements,
topographic data, and the glaciological and climate record.
Publications
reporting results of this study:
- "Geodetic
Measurements used to Estimate Ice Transfer during the Bering Glacier
Surge", EOS Trans. Am. Geophys. Un., 76(29), 289-290, 1995.
- "Measuring
a Moving Glacier", J. Sauber, G. Plafker, and J. Gibson,
Earth in Space, 4-5, November, 1995
- "Ice
Mass Moves the Earth, J. Sauber and B. Molnia, Physics News in
1996, P. Schewe and B. P. Stein eds., 46-48, 1997
- "Crustal
Deformation Associated with Glacial Fluctuations in the Eastern
Chugach Mountains, Alaska", J. Sauber, G. Plafker, B. F.
Molnia, and M.A. Bryant, Journal of Geophys. Research, 105(B4),
8055-8077, 2000.
- "Southern
Alaska as an example of the Long-term Consequences of Mountain
Building under the Influence of Glaciers", Quaternary Science
Reviews, 13/14, in press, 2000.
- "Glacio-seismotectonics:
Ice sheets, Crustal Deformation and Seismicity", I. Stewart,
J. Sauber, and J. Rose, Review article and introduction to a topical
issue of Quaternary Science Reviews, 13/14, in press, 2000.
Project:
Transients in Pacific/North American Plate BoundaryDeformation,
Synthesis, Modeling of GPS and Borehole Strain Observations
State: District of Columbia
Sponsoring Program: SENH96
Affiliation: Carnegie Institution
Principal Investigator: Solomon,
Sean
URL: http://www.ciw.edu/DTM.html
Description:
Document temporal variations in deformation rates in western North
America and their relationship to earthquakes and plate motions.
Strategic Importance:
- Synthesis
of continuous GPS and borehole strainmeter data in three target
areas: San Francisco Bay region, southern California, and Parkfield
- Develop
multiple physical models for the initiation and propagation of
strain transients
- Apply
observations to distinguish among physical models
Anticipated
Benefits:
- Improved
understanding of the dynamics of major fault zones
- Improved
understanding of earthquake occurrence
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