Term | Conceptual Definition |
Active Grant | A grant meeting the following criteria:
1. Today's date is between the budget start and end dates.
2. The grant has an eRA System (IMPAC II) application status code of "Awarded. Non-fellowships only." or "Awarded. Fellowships only."
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Activity Code | A 3-character code used to identify a specific category of extramural research activity, applied to various funding mechanisms. NIH uses three funding mechanisms for extramural research awards: grants, cooperative agreements and contracts. Within each funding mechanism, NIH uses 3-character activity codes (e.g., F32, K08, P01, R01, T32, etc.) to differentiate the wide variety of research-related programs NIH supports. A comprehensive list of activity codes may be found on the Types of Grant Programs Web page. |
Administrative IC | The NIH Institute or Center to which the Center for Scientific Review (CSR) routes NIH grant applications for a funding decision. An I/C may request to change this assignment if the application is more suited to another I/C. Also referred to as primary assignment. |
Administrative Supplement | A request for (or the award of) additional funds during a current project period to provide for an increase in costs due to unforeseen circumstances. All additional costs must be within the scope of the peer reviewed and approved project.
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Application Types | Type l New
Type 2 Competing continuation (a.k.a. renewal, re-competing)
Type 3 Competing Revision/Administrative Supplement Application for for additional (supplemental) support to cover increased costs (non-competing administrative supplement) or to expand the scope of work (competing revision)
Type 4 Extension- Request for additional years of support beyond the years previously awarded. Used only for select programs
Type 5 Non-competing continuation
Type 6 Successor-In-Interest
Type 7 Change of grantee institution
Type 8 Change of NIH awarding IC for a non-competing record
Type 9 Change of NIH awarding IC for a Renewal application
Amended - See Resubmission
Contract Types - See Contract Transaction Types |
Award | The provision of funds by NIH, based on an approved application and budget or progress report, to an organizational entity or an individual to carry out a project or activity. |
Awarding IC | The NIH Institute or Center responsible for the award, administration, and monitoring of grant supported activities.
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Bilateral Agreement | A general science agreement between the U.S. and a foreign country. Grant applications from institutions in these countries that have been recommended for approval by the scientific review group are given special funding consideration by Council.
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Biomedical Research and Development Price Index. | Measures real annual changes in the prices of items and services required for research and development (R&D) activities.
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Bridge Awards | Bridge awards provide continued but limited interim support (bridge funding) for meritorious investigators who just miss the funding cutoff and have minimal support from other sources. The continued funding will permit the PD/PI additional time to strengthen a resubmission application. A Bridge award recipient usually will receive an R56 award for a single year. Investigators may not apply for R56 grants. Applications for conversion to an R56 will be selected by IC staff from reviewed applications that fall at or near the payline margins. |
Budget Period | The intervals of time (usually 12 months each) into which a project period is divided for budgetary and funding purposes.
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Cancer Education Grant | Grant mechanism to support: innovative educational programs intended to motivate biomedical and other health science students to pursue cancer related careers; short courses to update cancer research scientists in new scientific methods, technologies and findings; training of cancer care clinicians and community health care providers in evidence-based cancer prevention and control approaches; development of effective innovative education (dissemination) approaches to translate knowledge gained from science (discovery) into public health and community applications (delivery).
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Career Development Award (CDA K Series) | Awards for candidates who wish to further develop their careers in biomedical, behavioral and clinical research. Applicants are generally required to hold a research or health–professional doctoral degree or its equivalent; eligibility for some CDAs is limited to only applicants with health professional doctoral degrees. |
Clinical Research | Research with human subjects that is: 1. Patient-oriented research. Research conducted with human subjects (or on material of human origin such as tissues, specimens, and cognitive phenomena) for which an investigator (or colleague) directly interacts with human subjects. Excluded from this definition are in vitro studies that utilize human tissues that cannot be linked to a living individual. It includes: mechanisms of human disease, therapeutic interventions, clinical trials, development of new technologies 2. Epidemiological and behavioral studies. 3. Outcomes research and health services research. Studies falling under 45 CFR part 46.101(b) (4) (Exemption 4) are not considered clinical research by this definition. |
Clinical Trial
| "A biomedical or behavioral research study of human subjects designed to answer specific questions about biomedical or behavioral interventions (drugs, treatments, devices, or new ways of using known drugs, treatments, or devices). Clinical trials are used to determine whether new biomedical or behavioral interventions are safe, efficacious, and effective. Clinical trials of an experimental drug, treatment, device, or intervention may proceed through four phases:
Phase I. Testing in a small group of people (e.g. 20-80) to determine efficacy and evaluate safety (e.g., determine a safe dosage range and identify side effects).
Phase II. Study in a larger group of people (several hundred) to determine efficacy and further evaluate safety.
Phase III. Study to determine efficacy in large groups of people (from several hundred to several thousand) by comparing the intervention to other standard or experimental interventions, to monitor adverse effects, and to collect information to allow safe use.
Phase IV. Studies done after the intervention has been marketed. These studies are designed to monitor the effectiveness of the approved intervention in the general population and to collect information about any adverse effects associated with widespread use."
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Co-Funding | Funding arrangement through which two or more Institutes or Centers share in the funding of a grant.
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Co-Investigator | An individual involved with the PD/PI in the scientific development or execution of a project. The co-investigator (collaborator) may be employed by, or be affiliated with, the applicant/grantee organization or another organization participating in the project under a consortium agreement. A co-investigator typically devotes a specified percentage of time to the project and is considered senior/key personnel. The designation of a co-investigator, if applicable, does not affect the PD/PI’s roles and responsibilities as specified in the NIH Grants Policy Statement (NIH GPS), nor is it a role implying multiple PD/PI. |
Commitment Base | Funds used for noncompeting (type 5 or ongoing awards), typically 70-80 percent of the dollars spent for research project grants.
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Comparative medicine center | A research center funding mechanism. Grants to support the development of mammalian and non-mammalian models for research, or to make animal or biological materials resources available to all qualified investigators. |
Competing Applications | New or renewal applications that must undergo initial peer review.
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Competing Continuation | See Renewal |
Competitive Segment | The initial project period recommended for support (in general, up to 5 years) or each extension of a project period resulting from a renewal award. |
Constant Dollars | Dollar amounts adjusted for inflation, based on buying power in a selected base year. The BRDPI is used to determine constant dollars from current dollars.
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Continuation | Financial or direct assistance for a second or subsequent budget period. |
Contract (R&D) | An award instrument used to acquire from a non-federal party, by purchase, lease, or barter, property or services for the direct benefit or use of the Federal government. The same term may be used to describe a vendor relationship between a recipient and another party under a grant (to acquire routine goods and services); however, the recipient may use subaward to describe the contract under a grant relationship. |
Cooperative Agreement (U Series) | A support mechanism used when there will be substantial Federal scientific or programmatic involvment. Substantial involvement means that after award, scientific or program staff will assist, guide, coordinate, or participate in project activities. |
Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRDA) | Any agreement between one or more NIH laboratories and one or more non-Federal parties under which the PHS, through its laboratories, provides personnel, services, facilities, equipment, or other resources with or without reimbursement (but not funds to non-Federal parties) and the non-Federal parties provide funds, personnel, services, facilities, equipment, or other resources toward the conduct of specified research or development efforts which are consistent with the missions of the laboratory.
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Costs, Direct | Costs that can be specifically identified with a particular project or activity. |
Costs, Direct, Awarded | Total NIH direct cost dollars awarded to a grant. |
Costs, Direct, Requested | Principal Investigators request a funding level in their application for each year. These dollars are only direct costs and do not include the indirect cost associated with the organization where the research will be conducted. |
Costs, Indirect | Costs that are incurred by a grantee for common or joint objectives and cannot be identified specifically with a particular project or program. |
Costs, Indirect, Awarded
| Total NIH indirect cost dollars awarded to a grant.
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Costs, Total, Awarded
| Total NIH dollars awarded to a grant.
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Council Round
| At the NIH, there are at least three, and sometimes four, council rounds each fiscal year: October, January, May, and sometimes August. Application receipt dates, initial review dates, and council review dates all fall within one of these council rounds. Incoming grant applications all are assigned to a council round.
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Count (application/award/grant)
| Unless noted, the total number of applications/grants shown, excluding administrative supplements.
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Current dollars | Actual dollars awarded without adjustment for inflation.
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Data Universal Numbering System (DUNS) | A nine-digit number established and assigned by Dun and Bradstreet to uniquely identify a business entity. |
Disaggregated Application
| An application with a portion (or subproject) funded as a separate grant.
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Dual Assignment | Applications simultaneously assigned to two or more Institutes or Centers. The primary Institute has complete responsibility for administering and funding the application; a secondary IC assumes this responsibility only if the primary is unable or unwilling to support it.
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Employer Identification Number (EIN)
| Identification of a business to the U.S. Internal Revenue Service; also known as a Federal tax identification number. Entered on the SF 424 form of a grant application.
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Expanded Authorities (EA)
| Operating authorities provided to grantees that waive the requirement for NIH prior approval for specified actions. Go to Administrative Requirements—Changes in Project and Budget—Expanded Authorities.
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Extramural Awards | Funds provided by the NIH to researchers and organizations outside the NIH.
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Fellowship | An NIH training program award where the NIH specifies the individual receiving the award. Fellowships comprise the F activity codes.
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Fiscal Year (FY) | The annual period established for Government accounting purposes. A Fiscal Year begins on October 1 and ends September 30 of the following year. Example: FY2011– Started October 1, 2010 and ends September 30, 2011. |
Foreign Component
| The performance of any significant scientific element or segment of a project outside of the United States, either by the grantee or by a researcher employed by a foreign organization, whether or not grant funds are expended. Activities that would meet this definition include, but are not limited to, (1) the involvement of human subjects or animals, (2) extensive foreign travel by grantee project staff for the purpose of data collection, surveying, sampling, and similar activities, or (3) any activity of the grantee having an impact on U.S. foreign policy through involvement in the affairs or environment of a foreign country. Foreign travel for consultation is not considered a foreign component. Go to Chapter 16 Grants to Foreign Institutions, International Organizations, and Domestic Grants with Foreign Components in the NIHGPS. |
Foreign Institution
| An organization located in a country other than the United States and its territories that is subject to the laws of that country, regardless of the citizenship of the proposed PD/PI. |
For-Profit Institution
| An organization, institution, corporation, or other legal entity that is organized or operated for the profit or financial benefit of its shareholders or other owners. A for-profit organization is considered to be a small business if it is independently owned and operated, if it is not dominant in the field in which research is proposed, and if it employs no more than 500 persons. |
Funding Opportunity Announcement
| A publicly available document by which a Federal Agency makes known its intentions to award discretionary grants or cooperative agreements, usually as a result of competition for funds. Funding opportunity announcements may be known as program announcements, requests for applications, notices of funding availability, solicitations, or other names depending on the Agency and type of program. Funding opportunity announcements can be found at Grants.gov/FIND and in the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts.
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Funding Organization
| Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (AHRQ)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
Food Drug Administration (FDA)
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
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Funding Rate | Percentage of applicants that receive funding in a fiscal year. |
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