Acid3

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Acid3
Acid3 reference.png
The "reference rendering" for Acid3
URL acid3.acidtests.org
Commercial? no
Type of site Web standards test
Registration no
Available language(s) English language
Owner The Web Standards Project
Created by Ian Hickson
Launched 3 March 2008
Current status Online

Acid3 test is a web test page from the Web Standards Project that checks a web browser's compliance with elements of various web standards, particularly the Document Object Model (DOM) and JavaScript.

If the test is successful, the results of the Acid3 test will display a gradually increasing fraction counter with colored rectangles in the background. The number of subtests passed will indicate the percentage that will be displayed on the screen. This percentage does not represent an actual percentage of conformance as the test does not really keep track of the subtests that were actually started (100 is assumed). Moreover, the browser also has to render the page exactly as the reference page is rendered in the same browser. Like the text of the Acid2 test, the text of the Acid3 reference rendering is not a bitmap, in order to allow for certain differences in font rendering.

Acid3 was in development from April 2007,[1] and released on 3 March 2008.[2] The main developer was Ian Hickson, a Google employee who also wrote the Acid2 test. Acid2 focused primarily on Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), but this third Acid test also focuses on technologies used on modern, highly interactive websites characteristic of Web 2.0, such as ECMAScript and DOM Level 2. A few subtests also concern Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG), Extensible Markup Language (XML), and data URIs. Controversially,[citation needed] it includes several elements from the CSS2 recommendation that were later removed in CSS2.1,[citation needed] but reintroduced in World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) CSS3 working drafts that have not made it to candidate recommendations yet.

Contents

[edit] The test

The main part of Acid3 is written in ECMAScript (JavaScript) and consists of 100 subtests in six groups called “buckets”, including four special subtests (0, 97, 98, and 99).[3]

  • Bucket 1: DOM Traversal, DOM Range, HTTP
  • Bucket 2: DOM2 Core and DOM2 Events
  • Bucket 3: DOM2 Views, DOM2 Style, CSS 3 selectors and Media Queries[4]
  • Bucket 4: Behavior of HTML tables and forms when manipulated by script and DOM2 HTML
  • Bucket 5: Tests from the Acid3 Competition (SVG,[5] HTML, SMIL, Unicode, …)
  • Bucket 6: ECMAScript

The compliance criteria require that the test be run with a browser's default settings. The final rendering must have a 100/100 score and must be pixel-identical with the reference rendering.[6] On browsers designed for personal computers, the animation has to be smooth (taking no more than 33 ms for each subtest on reference hardware equivalent to a top-of-the-line Apple laptop) as well,[7] though slower performance on a slow device does not imply non-conformance.[8]

Acid3 rendered by Fennec 1.0 alpha 1. Buckets 2, 4, and 6 pass all 16 subtests, buckets 1 and 3 pass more than 10 subtests while bucket 5 passes more than 5 subtests.

To pass the test the browser must also display a generic favicon in the browser toolbar, not the favicon image from the Acid3 web server. The Acid3 server when asked for favicon.ico gives a 404 response code, but with image data in the body. This tests that the web browser correctly handles the 404 error code when fetching the favicon, by treating this as a failure and displaying the generic icon instead.[9]

When the test is running, the rectangles will be added to the rendered image; the number of subtests passed in the bucket will determine the color of the rectangles.

  • 0 subtests passed: No rectangle shown.
  • 1–5 subtests passed: Black rectangle.
  • 6–10 subtests passed: Grey rectangle.
  • 11–15 subtests passed: Silver rectangle.
  • All 16 subtests passed: Colored rectangle (left to right: red, orange, yellow, lime, blue, purple).

Note that Acid3 does not display exactly how many subtests passed in a bucket. For example, 3 subtests passing and 4 subtests passing in bucket 2 would both render a black rectangle.

[edit] Detailed results

After the Acid3 test page is completely rendered, the capital A in the word Acid3 can be clicked to see an alert (or shift-click for a new window) explaining exactly which subtests have failed and what the error message was. In case some of the 100 tests passed but took too much time, the report includes timing results for that single test. The alert reports the total time of the whole Acid3 test.

Acid3 rendered by Internet Explorer 8.0 (before the September 2011 update of the Acid3 test). 20/100, test failed.
Acid3 rendered by XFCE Midori. 100/100, but test failed.
Acid3 rendered by Safari 5. 100/100 without errors in timing and image, test passed.
Google Chrome fully passing the Acid3 test

In order to render the test correctly, user agents need to implement the CSS 3 Text Shadows and the CSS 2.x Downloadable Fonts specifications, which are currently under consideration by W3C to be standardized. This is required as the test uses a custom TrueType font, called "AcidAhemTest" to cover up a 20x20 red square. Supporting Truetype fonts however is not required by the CSS specification. A browser supporting only OpenType fonts with CFF outlines or Embedded OpenType fonts could support the CSS standard, but fail the test in the Acid3 test. The glyph, when rendered by the downloaded font, is just a square, made white with CSS, and thus invisible.[10]

In addition, the test also uses Base64 encoded images, some more advanced selectors, CSS 3 color values (HSLA) as well as bogus selectors and values that should be ignored.

[edit] Development and impact

Google employee Ian Hickson started working on the test in April 2007, but development progressed slowly. In December 2007, work restarted and the project received public attention on 10 January 2008, when it was mentioned in blogs by Anne van Kesteren.[11] At the time the project resided at a URL clearly showing its experimental nature: "http://www.hixie.ch/tests/evil/acid/003/NOT_READY_PLEASE_DO_NOT_USE.html" Despite the notice in the URL, the test received widespread attention in the web-development community. At that time only 84 subtests had been done, and on 14 January Ian Hickson announced a competition to fill in the missing 16.[12]

The following developers contributed to the final test through this competition:

  • Sylvain Pasche: subtests 66 and 67: DOM.
  • David Chan: subtest 68: UTF-16/UCS-2.
  • Simon Pieters (Opera) and Anne van Kesteren (Opera): subtest 71: HTML parsing.
  • Jonas Sicking (Mozilla) and Garrett Smith: subtest 72: dynamic modification of style blocks' text nodes.
  • Jonas Sicking (Mozilla): subtest 73: Nested events.
  • Erik Dahlström (Opera): subtests 74 to 78: SVG and SMIL.
  • Cameron McCormack (Batik SVG library): subtest 79: SVG fonts.

Even before its official release, Acid3's impact on browser development was dramatic. In particular, WebKit's score rose from 60 to 87 in less than a month.[13]

The test was officially released on 3 March 2008.[2] A guide and commentary was expected to follow within a few months,[13] but, as of March 2011, only the commentary had been released. The announcement that the test is complete means only that it is to be considered "stable enough" for actual use. A few problems and bugs were found with the test, and it was modified to fix them.[14][15] On 26 March 2008—the day both Opera and WebKit teams announced a 100/100 score—developers of WebKit contacted Hickson about a critical bug in Acid3 that presumably allowed a violation of the SVG 1.1 standard to pass. Hickson fixed the bug with the help of Cameron McCormack, a member of W3C's SVG Working Group.[16][17]

[edit] Presto and WebKit based browsers

By the end of March 2008, early development versions of the Presto[18][19] and WebKit[17] layout engines (used by Opera and Safari respectively, among others) scored 100/100 on the test and rendered the test page correctly. At the time, no browser using the Presto or WebKit layout engines passed the performance aspect of the test. On 14 March 2009, Iris Browser 1.1.4, a WebKit-based mobile browser, became the first public release of a web browser to pass Acid3,[20][21][not in citation given] and on 7 June, iCab 4.6 for Mac OS X was unofficially announced as the first official release of a desktop browser to pass the test;[22][23][not in citation given] Safari 4, also based on WebKit, passed the next day,[24][not in citation given] although a development version had already passed the previous September.[25][26] By October, Epiphany, another WebKit-based browser, also passed.[27][not in citation given] In May and June, Google Chrome 2.0[citation needed] and Opera Mobile 9.7 beta[28] displayed a score of 100/100, but did not actually pass; release versions of these browsers passed fully later in the year.[citation needed][29] Security concerns over downloadable fonts delayed Chrome from passing.[30]

[edit] Firefox - 1st time

At the time of Acid3's release, Mozilla Firefox developers had been preparing for the imminent release of Firefox 3, focusing more on stability than Acid3 success. Consequently, Firefox 3 had a score of 71.[31] Firefox 3.5 scored 93/100, and Firefox 3.6 scored 94/100. Initially, Firefox 4 scored 97/100, because it did not support SVG fonts. Later, Firefox 4 scored 100/100, because the SVG font tests were removed from Acid3.

According to Mozilla employee Robert O'Callahan, Firefox did not support SVG fonts because Mozilla considered WOFF a superior alternative to SVG fonts.[32] Another Mozilla engineer, Boris Zbarsky, claimed that the subset of the specification implemented in Webkit and Opera gives no benefits to web authors or users over WOFF, and he asserted that implementing SVG Fonts fully in a web browser is hard because it was "not designed with integration with HTML in mind".[33]

[edit] Internet Explorer - 1st time

Microsoft said that Acid3 did not agree with the goal of Internet Explorer 8 and that IE8 would improve only some of the standards being tested by Acid3.[34] IE8 scored 20/100, which is much worse than all relevant competitors at the time of Acid3's release, and had some problems with rendering the Acid3 test page. On 18 November 2009, the Internet Explorer team posted a blog entry about the early development of Internet Explorer 9 from the PDC presentation, showing that an internal build of the browser could score 32/100.[35]

[edit] Firefox - 2nd time

On 2 April 2010, Ian Hickson made minor changes to the test after Mozilla, due to privacy concerns, altered the way Gecko handles the :visited pseudo-class.[36][37]

[edit] Internet Explorer - 2nd time

Throughout 2010, several public Developer Previews gradually improved Internet Explorer 9's test scores from 55/100 (on 16 March[38]) to 95/100 (as of 4 August).[39][40][41] General Manager of the IE team Dean Hachamovich argues that striving for 100/100 on the Acid3 test isn't necessary or desirable. He claims the two Acid3 failures are on features (SVG fonts and SMIL animation) that are "in transition".[42]

[edit] Firefox and Internet Explorer - 3rd time

On September 17, 2011, Ian Hickson announced an update to Acid3. In Hickson's words, Håkon Wium Lie (from Opera Software) and he commented out "the parts of the test that might get changed in the specs." They hoped that this change would "allow the specs to change in whatever way is best for the Web, rather than constraining the changes to only be things that happened to fit what Acid3 tested!"

As a result, the latest versions of Firefox and Internet Explorer achieved a score of 100/100 on Acid3, however Internet Explorer doesn't render the image perfectly. [43]

[edit] Internet Explorer - 4th time

With the release of Internet Explorer 10 as part of the Windows 8 Consumer Preview, Internet Explorer scores 100/100 on the Acid3 test.[citation needed]

[edit] Criticism

The current iteration of the test has been criticized for being a cherry-picked collection of features that are rarely used, as well as those that are still in a W3C working draft. Eric Meyer, a notable web standards advocate, writes, "The real point here is that the Acid3 test isn't a broad-spectrum standards-support test. It's a showpiece, and something of a Potemkin village at that. Which is a shame, because what's really needed right now is exhaustive test suites for specifications—XHTML, CSS, DOM, SVG."[44]

"Implementing just enough of the standard to pass a test is disingenuous, and has nothing to do with standards compliance," argues Mozilla UX lead Alex Limi, in his article "Mythbusting: Why Firefox 4 won’t score 100 on Acid3." Limi argues that some of the tests, particularly those for SVG fonts, have no relation to real usage, and implementations in some browsers are created solely for the point of raising scores.[45]

[edit] Standards tested

Parts of the following standards are tested by Acid3:

  • HTTP 1.1 Protocol
  • DOM Level 2 Views
  • HTML 4.01 Strict
  • DOM Level 2 Traversal (subtests 1–6)
  • DOM Level 2 Range (subtests 7–11)
  • Content-Type: image/png; text/plain (subtests 14–15)
  • <object> handling and HTTP status codes (subtest 16)
  • DOM Level 2 Core (subtests 17, 21)
  • ECMAScript GC (subtests 26–27)
  • DOM Level 2 Events (subtests 17, 30–32)
  • CSS Selectors (subtests 33–40)
  • DOM Level 2 Style (subtest 45)
  • DOM Level 2 HTML (subtest 60)
  • Unicode 5.0 UTF-16 (subtest 68)
  • Unicode 5.0 UTF-8 (subtest 70)
  • HTML 4.0 Transitional (subtest 71)
  • SVG 1.1 (subtests 74, 78)
  • SMIL 2.1 (subtests 75–76)
  • SVG 1.1 Fonts (subtests 77, 79)
  • ECMAScript Conformance (subtests 81-96)
  • Data URI scheme (subtest 97)
  • XHTML 1.0 Strict (subtest 98)

[edit] Passing conditions

A passing score is only considered valid if the browser's default settings were used.

The following browser settings and user actions may invalidate the test:

  • Zooming in or out
  • Disabling images
  • Applying custom fonts, colors, styles, etc.
  • Having add-ons or extensions installed and enabled
  • Installed and enabled User JavaScript or Greasemonkey scripts

[edit] Browsers that pass

The browsers listed here score 100/100 and have no obvious rendering problems. Note that a score of 100/100 indicates only that all the subtests produced the correct result, and does not indicate whether the rendering is correct or whether the subtests passed the performance aspect of the test.

Only stable, public releases are listed here (alpha and beta versions, for example, would not qualify).

[edit] Desktop browsers

Layout engine Browser Release date Latest stable release version date Rendering Performance
WebKit Google Chrome 4.0.249.78[46] 02010-01-25January 25, 2010 24.0.1312.52 [edit]  (January 10, 2013; 11 days ago (2013-01-10))[47] Yes Yes
Trident Internet Explorer 10[48] 02012-10-26October 26, 2012 10.0.1 [49] [edit]  (December 11, 2012; 41 days ago (2012-12-11)) ?[citation needed] ?[citation needed]
Gecko Mozilla Firefox 4.0[50][33] 02011-03-22March 22, 2011 18.0.1 [edit]  (January 18, 2013; 3 days ago (2013-01-18))[51] Yes ?[citation needed]
WebKit Safari 4.0[52][53][54] 02009-06-08June 8, 2009 6.0.2 [edit]  (November 1, 2012; 2 months ago (2012-11-01)) Yes Yes
Presto Opera 10[29] 02009-09-01September 1, 2009 12.12 [edit]  (December 18, 2012; 34 days ago (2012-12-18)) Yes ?[citation needed]
WebKit Maxthon 3[55] 02011-09-01September 1, 2011 Windows
4.0.0.2000 [edit]  (December 10, 2012; 42 days ago (2012-12-10)[56])

OS X
4.0.3.2000 [edit]  (January 17, 2013; 4 days ago (2013-01-17)[57])
iOS
4.0.1 [edit]  (December 20, 2012; 32 days ago (2012-12-20)[58])
Android
4.0.3.1000 [edit]  (January 7, 2013; 14 days ago (2013-01-07)[59])

 ?[citation needed] ?[citation needed]
WebKit Web 2.28.0[60][61] 02009-10-02October 2, 2009 3.6.1 [edit]  (October 18, 2012; 3 months ago (2012-10-18))[62] Yes Yes

[edit] Mobile browsers

Note: For mobile browsers it is not possible to consider the "performance" portion of the test, as mobile browsers cannot be run on the reference hardware.

Layout engine Browser Release date Latest stable release version date Rendering
WebKit Bolt browser 1.6[63] 02009-12-07December 7, 2009 2.52 [edit] Yes
Presto Opera Mobile 9.7[28] 02009-03-26March 26, 2009 12.1.3 for Android [edit]  (December 3, 2012; 49 days ago (2012-12-03)[64])

12.0.22 for Symbian S60 [edit]  (June 24, 2012; 6 months ago (2012-06-24)[64])
10.0 for Windows Mobile [edit]  (March 16, 2010; 2 years ago (2010-03-16)[65])

 ?[citation needed]
WebKit PlayBook browser[66] 02011-04-19April 19, 2011 1.0.7.3312 Yes
Gecko Firefox Mobile 4.0[33] 02011-03-29March 29, 2011 18.0.1 [edit]  (January 18, 2013; 3 days ago (2013-01-18))[51] Yes

[edit] Browsers that do not pass

[edit] Desktop browsers

Gnome globe current event.svg
 This article is outdated. Please update this section to reflect recent events or newly available information. (October 2012)
Desktop browser progress for the Acid3 test
Layout engine Browser Screenshot of current release
KHTML Konqueror Konqueror-acid3.png
92/100
Konqueror 4.8.2[67]
Gecko Camino
99/100
Camino 2.1.2

[edit] Mobile browsers

Gnome globe current event.svg
 This article is outdated. Please update this section to reflect recent events or newly available information. (August 2010)
Mobile layout engine progress for the Acid3 test
Layout engine Major browsers Screenshot of current release
Trident Internet Explorer Mobile Acid 3.png
100/100 but incorrect rendering
Internet Explorer Mobile 9
Presto Opera Mini
97/100
Opera Mini 7
WebKit iOS browser MobileSafari 4 3 3.png
100/100 but incorrect rendering - iOS 4.3.3
Android browser Android 4.0 Browser Acid 3 Pass.png
100/100 but incorrect rendering
Android 4.0
BlackBerry Browser BlackBerry6 ACID3.jpg
100/100 but incorrect rendering
BlackBerry OS 7
Samsung Dolfin Browser
100/100 but incorrect rendering
Dolfin 3.0 / bada 2.0
Nokia Browser
93/100
Symbian Belle v7.4.2.6
Skyfire IOS SkyFire 2 Acid3.png
100/100 but incorrect rendering
Skyfire 2.0
webOS browser Acid3-webos.png
92/100
webOS 1.4
Iris Browser Iris-wm-acid3-100.png
100/100 but incorrect rendering
Iris Browser 1.1.4
Gecko MicroB
94/100
MicroB 1.0.4

[edit] Game console browsers

Acid3 compliance in game console web browsers
Layout engine Major browsers Screenshot of current release
WebKit PlayStation 3 browser ImagePlaystationAcid3-4.21.png
100/100 but incorrect rendering
PS3 Firmware 4.21
PS Vita browser Acid3 on PSVita1.69.jpg
100/100 but incorrect rendering
PSVita Firmware 1.69
NetFront PSP Browser Acid3n35.png
11/100
NetFront 3.5
Nintendo 3DS Browser Nintendo 3DS Acid3 test results.jpg
92/100
System version 4.5.0-10U
Presto Wii Internet Channel Wii-acid3-2010-04-27.png
40/100 and browser crashes after test
21 June 2010 update
Nintendo DS & DSi Browser
59/100
WebKit and/or NetFront Wii U Internet Browser Untested

[edit] Other browsers

Acid3 compliance in other web browsers
Layout engine Major browsers Screenshot of current release
Webkit Dreamweaver Live View Dreamweaver CS5 acid3.png
90/100
Dreamweaver CS5
Second Life browser Acid3 SL2.0.1.png
100/100
Second Life 2.0
Steam in-game browser Steam acid3 in client.png
100/100 but incorrect rendering
Steam build 1854 (March 21, 2012)
EVE Online in-game browser EVEOnlineAcid3.jpg
100/100 but incorrect rendering
EVE Online Incarna 1.1.2 (Build 292761)

[edit] See also

Portal icon Software Testing portal
Portal icon Internet portal


[edit] References

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