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Microstock photography, pest insects, and copyright

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I enjoy the dubious distinction of being the most infringed photographer I know. Every week I send at least a dozen takedown notices to commercial entities using my photographs without permission. I’ve sent one this morning already. My photos end up in youtube commercials, on coupons for pest services, in website banners, in company blog entries, on product labels. If every commercial infringer paid my usual commercial rates, I calculated once, I’d be making a comfortable 6-figure annual salary.

Of course, not every infringer has the budget for my standard rates, and that might explain why they take without paying.

The trouble is that the photography market isn’t a single market. It is several distinct markets- an art market, an editorial market, a microstock web market, and others- each with its own culture and pricing structure. I sell primarily to magazines & textbooks, I sell at market rates (typically $60-$400/image), and I have few if any infringement problems in that market.

My pest images could also be sold in the cheap and fast microstock market. This new arena includes the folks who create local exterminator websites and who are used to paying a few cents to a few dollars for an image. Web designers think $100 for an image is insane, even though publishers routinely pay more than that. I’m not going to price my regular photos down out of the market that sustains me just because web designers trained on microstock think I’m nuts. That’d be professional suicide.

I can, however, run an experiment. What if I take a pile of forgotten, unused photographs and offer web-resolution versions at microstock prices? After all, the images aren’t doing any good gathering dust on my hard drives.

The graphic at the top shows 21 of the most common pest ants in North America, covering the bulk of my infringement headaches at the species level. None of the images appear in my regular galleries. For a variety of reasons they did not make the cut for my high-res work, but as small 400-pixel pictures they’re great for display in a blog post. The whole pest ant composite can be downloaded as a royalty-free stock image for $34.95. This works out to under $2 per ant.

Will anyone license this graphic? Beats me. But it’ll provide insight as to whether infringers take my images because they can’t afford them, or because they’re just very, very bad people*.

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Individual ants in the graphic appear at this resolution.

*Kidding! I’m just kidding! Many infringements stem from a widespread misperception that anything on Google is public domain. 

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An Acorn Ant Up Close

Just thought I’d provide a more magnified image of the adorable Temnothorax curvispinosus acorn ants featured in the previous post.



Photo details:
Canon MP-E 65mm 1-5x macro lens on a Canon EOS 50D
ISO 100, f/13, 1/250 sec
Diffuse overhead twin flash; ant on white plastic

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The Dangerously Cold Life of Acorn Ants

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While photographing acorns yesterday in a patch of melting snow, I wondered about the fate of the small Temnothorax that live in the acorns. Most temperate ants survive the season by tunneling through the soil to hibernate below the freezing zone. But Temnothorax don’t. They stay at the soil surface, holed up in walnuts, acorns, twigs, and other small cavities that freeze solid for several months. That can’t be the easy winter survival option.

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An active acorn nest of Temnothorax curvispinosus during warmer times (Urbana, Illinois)

I moved on to ponder other things- namely, a warm cup of coffee- but today I was surprised to see a timely new study on just this problem:

Abstract: Most species of ants inhabiting the temperate zone overwinter underground, whereas those of the genus Temnothorax remain in nests aboveground. I studied the cost of aboveground overwintering. Workers of Temnothorax crassispinus survived in higher numbers (median = 88%) in artificial nests experimentally buried at a depth of 5 cm than those in nests on the surface (48%) of the soil. The results support the hypothesis that overwintering aboveground could be a consequence of a limited supply of nests and/or the advantage of being able to respond quickly to warm temperatures in spring.

Slawomir Mitrus buried 18 equal-sized nests of a European acorn ant under the soil and placed 18 control nests on the surface. The worker survival data between the two treatments were stark:

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Most workers in the buried nests survived the winter while about half of the surface ants perished. With such a steep cost for overwintering above ground (see also Joan Herber’s earlier studies), remaining on the surface must provide some non-trivial benefits to the ants. The author suggests the surface-nesters are holding valuable nesting sites against usurpers, or perhaps the ants are able to jump-start their spring growth. These are plausible explanations, and I suspect that a deep-soil migration may also prove more costly in terms of fungal infection or exposure to predators than remaining  in their nests. We still don’t know a whole lot about the natural history of even common species.

My own overwintering strategy consists of travelling to sunny Belize, of course.


source: Mitrus, S. 2013. Cost to the cavity-nest ant Temnothorax crassispinus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of overwintering aboveground. Eur. J. Entomol. 110: 177–179.

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Monday Night Mystery

What’s this?

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Mystery insect – photographed in southern Arizona.

Tonight’s mystery is points-free. Our upcoming Belize workshop (yay!) means the mystery will be on hiatus for part of the month, so I’m not bothering with a points tally until February.

So. Pat yourself on the back if you guess the order. Open yourself a bottle of your favorite beverage if you pick the family. And treat yourself to a week’s vacation somewhere warm if you can identify the genus or species.

***update (1/8/13) And Ben Coulter gets it: this is Trixodes obesus, an enormous tachinid fly.

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Sunday Night Movie: Giant Anteater & Termite Nutrition

A short clip from the BBC:

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A decade of photographing

Ten years ago I bought my first digital SLR, a 6-megapixel Canon D60. I wasn’t good at it, but my lack of skill didn’t deter me from carrying the new camera all over California to photograph ants anywhere I could find them.

I still discover forgotten gems hidden among the archives. This 2004 photograph shows myrmecologists Brian O’Meara and Phil Ward on a collecting trip to Mojave National Preserve.

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Myrmecosaurus!

Why didn’t anyone tell me that Myrmecosaurus is an actual thing?

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Myrmecosaurus ferrugineus (Image by Joe MacGown)

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How to tell the difference between the trap-jaw ants Anochetus and Odontomachus

I recently posted a photograph of the trap-jaw ant Anochetus micans to facebook and G+, prompting one commentator to ask about the difference between Anochetus and the related genus Odontomachus. The easy diagnostic answer is this:

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images from Antweb.org

The ridge along the back margin of the head in Anochetus is simple, while that of Odontomachus folds inward to become a crease down the center line of the head. The trait should be relatively easy to spot.

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Odontomachus chelifer

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Anochetus faurei

A more complicated question is if the two groups really ought to be classified as separate genera, rather than lumped into a singular Odontomachus. Both are genealogically related, and the lineage doesn’t contain any non-trap-jaw species, so our classification troubles are more a semantic problem than a biological one.

A few years ago my labmate Chris Schmidt attempted to determine the evolutionary relationships of various species using molecular markers. The data were ambiguous, providing some support for Anochetus as a daughter lineage emerging from within Odontomachus, and some support for two sister lineages. From an empirical standpoint, it’s still not clear whether dividing these ants into different genera will render a classification more in line with ancestry.


source: Schmidt, Chris A. 2009. Molecular Phylogenetics and Taxonomic Revision of Ponerine Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae). Ph.D. Thesis, University of Arizona. online at http://books.google.com/books?id=Sby7w0Hec6EC&lpg

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Friday Beetle Blogging: Beauty and Youth?

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Rove beetle larvae – Kibale forest, Uganda

Most of us think of beetles as heavily armored and often colorful tank-like animals. But they aren’t born that way. Like all insects with complete metamorphosis, beetles start as grublike larvae bearing little resemblance to the adults. I photographed these two immature rove beetles while searching for ants in a rotting log.


photo details:
Canon MP-E  65mm 1-5x macro lens on a Canon EOS 7D
ISO 200, f/13, 1/200 sec
diffuse twin flash

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This… I… um… What?

See how long you can make it through the photo caption with a straight face:

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(this photo and associated misinformation is copyrighted by Adegsm/Solent. My reproduction of it here is editorial commentary and as such is Fair Use under U.S. copyright law).

Ant no love like a mother’s love…A mother ant shows off her strength and agility as she plays with her young child and lifts it above her head. The yellow ant stood on a delicate purple flower and balanced on her back two legs as she juggled the youngster, who is a third her size. Photographer Adegsm (real name Thanh Ta Quang), who took over 2,000 snaps of the ants in a month but only got a handful of pictures he was happy with. SEE OUR COPY FOR DETAILS…Main pic: The ‘mother’ ant lifts her youngster above her head…Please byline: Pic: Adegsm /Solent..© Adegsm/Solent.UK +44 (0) 2380 458800.

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If you think that’s bad, the alleged newspaper Daily Mail went and ran with the concept, somehow finding space in the error-fest to interject more:

A spindly yellow ant looks bewitchingly human as she lifts her son high overhead in a game that will be familiar to any parent.

Photographers are people who know about cameras. We’re basically dumb as a sack of bricks about everything else. Smart editors know this and don’t trust photographers to tell them anything beyond the EXIF data. The Daily Mail, on the other hand…

 

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