Corresponding Author: Mark J. Pletcher, MD, MPH, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, 185 Berry St, Ste 5700, San Francisco, CA 94107 (mpletcher@epi.ucsf.edu).
Author Contributions: Dr Pletcher had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Study concept and design: Pletcher, Richman, Safford.
Acquisition of data: Sidney.
Analysis and interpretation of data: Pletcher, Vittinghoff, Kalhan, Richman, Safford, Lin, Kertesz.
Drafting of the manuscript: Pletcher, Safford.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Pletcher, Vittinghoff, Kalhan, Richman, Safford, Sidney, Lin, Kertesz.
Statistical analysis: Pletcher, Vittinghoff, Richman, Lin.
Obtained funding: Pletcher, Sidney, Kertesz.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Kertesz.
Study supervision: Kertesz.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: The authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Dr Kalhan reported serving as a consultant for Boehringer-Ingelheim, Forest Laboratories, and AstraZeneca; receiving honoraria for lectures from GlaxoSmithKline and AstraZeneca; receiving honoraria for development of educational materials from Quantia Communications and Medscape Education; and receiving industry-sponsored grants from GlaxoSmithKline and Boehringer-Ingelheim. Dr Kertesz reported chairing a committee that advised the Drug Treatment Task Force for the Chief Justice of the State of Alabama and that he is an employee of the Department of Veterans Affairs. No other authors reported disclosures.
Funding/Support: This study was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01-DA-025067) and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01-HC-95095 and N01-HC-48047).
Role of the Sponsors: The National Institute on Drug Abuse funded this analysis but did not participate in CARDIA or review the manuscript. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute helped design CARDIA and funds data collection, supports a Publications and Presentations Committee that reviews and approves all publications, and provides a representative who sits on that committee, but does not otherwise control publication.
Disclaimer: The views expressed in this article do not reflect positions of the Department of Veterans Affairs or of any other entity of the federal government.
Online-Only Material: The Author Video Interview is available here.