[United States Senate Manual, 107th Congress]
[S. Doc. 107-1]
[Statistical Data]
[Pages 1145-1157]
[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]
[[Page 1145]]
1451
SECRETARIES OF STATE
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name When appointed President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Thomas Jefferson.................... Sept. 26, 1789 George Washington.
Do................................ Mar. 4, 1793 Do.
2. Edmund Randolph..................... Jan. 2, 1794 Do.
3. Timothy Pickering................... Dec. 10, 1795 Do.
Do................................ Mar. 4, 1797 John Adams.
4. John Marshall....................... May 13, 1800 Do.
5. James Madison....................... Mar. 5, 1801 Thomas Jefferson.
Do................................ Mar. 4, 1805 Do.
6. Robert Smith........................ Mar. 6, 1809 James Madison.
7. James Monroe........................ Apr. 2, 1811 Do.
Do................................ Feb. 28, 1815 Do.
8. John Quincy Adams................... Mar. 5, 1817 James Monroe.
Do................................ Mar. 5, 1821 Do.
9. Henry Clay.......................... Mar. 7, 1825 John Quincy Adams.
10. Martin Van Buren.................... Mar. 6, 1829 Andrew Jackson.
11. Edward Livingston................... May 24, 1831 Do.
12. Louis McLane........................ May 29, 1833 Do.
13. John Forsyth........................ June 27, 1834 Do.
Do................................ Mar. 4, 1837 Martin Van Buren.
14. Daniel Webster...................... Mar. 5, 1841 William H. Harrison.
Do................................ Apr. 6, 1841 John Tyler.
15. Abel P. Upshur...................... July 24, 1843 Do.
16. John C. Calhoun..................... Mar. 6, 1844 Do.
17. James Buchanan...................... Mar. 6, 1845 James K. Polk.
18. John M. Clayton..................... Mar. 7, 1849 Zachary Taylor.
19. Daniel Webster...................... July 22, 1850 Millard Fillmore.
20. Edward Everett...................... Nov. 6, 1852 Do
21. William L. Marcy.................... Mar. 7, 1853 Franklin Pierce.
22. Lewis Cass.......................... Mar. 6, 1857 James Buchanan.
23. Jeremiah S. Black................... Dec. 17, 1860 Do.
24. William H. Seward................... Mar. 5, 1861 Abraham Lincoln.
Do............................... Mar. 4, 1865 Do.
Do............................... Apr. 15, 1865 Andrew Johnson.
25. Elihu B. Washburne.................. Mar. 5, 1869 Ulysses S. Grant.
26. Hamilton Fish....................... Mar. 11, 1869 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 17, 1873 Do.
27. William M. Evarts................... Mar. 12, 1877 Rutherford B. Hayes.
28. James G. Blaine..................... Mar. 5, 1881 James A. Garfield.
29. Frederick T. Frelinghuysen.......... Dec. 12, 1881 Chester A. Arthur.
30. Thomas F. Bayard.................... Mar. 6, 1885 Grover Cleveland.
31. James G. Blaine..................... Mar. 5, 1889 Benjamin Harrison.
32. John W. Foster...................... June 29, 1892 Do.
33. Walter Q. Gresham................... Mar. 6, 1893 Grover Cleveland.
34. Richard Olney....................... June 8, 1895 Do.
35. John Sherman........................ Mar. 5, 1897 William McKinley.
36. William R. Day...................... Apr. 26, 1898 Do.
37. John Hay............................ Sept. 20, 1898 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 5, 1901 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 6, 1905 Theodore Roosevelt.
38. Elihu Root.......................... July 7, 1905 Do.
39. Robert Bacon........................ Jan. 27, 1909 Do.
40. Philander C. Knox................... Mar. 5, 1909 William H. Taft.
41. William Jennings Bryan.............. Mar. 5, 1913 Woodrow Wilson.
42. Robert Lansing...................... June 23, 1915 Do.
43. Bainbridge Colby.................... Mar. 22, 1920 Do.
44. Charles Evans Hughes................ Mar. 4, 1921 Warren G. Harding.
Do............................... ......................... Calvin Coolidge.
45. Frank B. Kellogg.................... Feb. 18, 1925 Do.
46. Henry Lewis Stimson................. Mar. 5, 1929 Herbert C. Hoover.
47. Cordell Hull........................ Mar. 4, 1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt.
[[Page 1146]]
48. Edward R. Stettinius, Jr............ Nov. 30, 1944 Do.
49. James F. Byrnes..................... July 2, 1945 Harry S. Truman.
50. George C. Marshall.................. Jan. 8, 1947 Do.
51. Dean G. Acheson..................... Jan. 19, 1949 Do.
52. John Foster Dulles.................. Jan. 21, 1953 Dwight D. Eisenhower.
53. Christian A. Herter................. Apr. 21, 1959 Do.
54. Dean Rusk........................... Jan. 21, 1961 John F. Kennedy.
Do............................... ......................... Lyndon B. Johnson.
55. William P. Rogers................... Jan. 21, 1969 Richard M. Nixon.
56. Henry A. Kissinger.................. Sept. 21, 1973 Do.
Do................................ ......................... Gerald R. Ford.
57. Cyrus Vance......................... Jan. 21, 1977 Jimmy Carter.
58. Edmund S. Muskie.................... May 8, 1980 Do.
59. Alexander Meigs Haig, Jr............ Jan. 22, 1981 Ronald Reagan.
60. George P. Shultz.................... July 16, 1982 Do.
61. James A. Baker III.................. Jan. 27, 1989 George Bush.
62. Lawrence S. Eagleburger............. Dec. 10, 1992 Do.
63. Warren Christopher.................. Jan. 22, 1993 William J. Clinton.
64. Madeleine K. Albright............... Jan. 23, 1997 Do.
65. Colin L. Powell..................... Jan. 22, 2001 George W. Bush
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1452
SECRETARIES OF THE TREASURY
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name When appointed President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Alexander Hamilton.................. Sept. 11, 1789 George Washington.
Do............................... Mar. 4, 1793 Do.
2. Oliver Wolcott, Jr.................. Feb. 2, 1795 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 4, 1797 John Adams.
3. Samuel Dexter....................... Jan. 1, 1801 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 4, 1801 Thomas Jefferson.
4. Albert Gallatin..................... May 14, 1801 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 4, 1805 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 4, 1809 James Madison.
5. George W. Campbell.................. Feb. 9, 1814 Do.
6. Alexander J. Dallas................. Oct. 6, 1814 Do.
7. William H. Crawford................. Oct. 22, 1816 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 5, 1817 James Monroe.
Do............................... Mar. 5, 1821 Do.
8. Richard Rush........................ Mar. 7, 1825 John Quincy Adams.
9. Samuel D. Ingham.................... Mar. 6, 1829 Andrew Jackson.
10. Louis McLane........................ Aug. 8, 1831 Do.
11. William J. Duane.................... May 29, 1833 Do.
12. Roger B. Taney...................... Sept. 23, 1833 Do.
13. Levi Woodbury....................... June 27, 1834 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 4, 1837 Martin Van Buren.
14. Thomas Ewing........................ Mar. 5, 1841 William H. Harrison.
Do............................... Apr. 6, 1841 John Tyler.
15. Walter Forward...................... Sept. 13, 1841 Do.
16. John C. Spencer..................... Mar. 3, 1843 Do.
17. George M. Bibb...................... June 15, 1844 Do.
Do............................... ......................... James K. Polk.
18. Robert J. Walker.................... Mar. 6, 1845 Do.
19. William M. Meredith................. Mar. 8, 1849 Zachary Taylor.
Do............................... ......................... Millard Fillmore.
20. Thomas Corwin....................... July 23, 1850 Do.
21. James Guthrie....................... Mar. 7, 1853 Franklin Pierce.
22. Howell Cobb......................... Mar. 6, 1857 James Buchanan.
23. Phillip F. Thomas................... Dec. 12, 1860 Do.
24. John A. Dix......................... Jan. 11, 1861 Do.
25. Salmon P. Chase..................... Mar. 5, 1861 Abraham Lincoln.
26. William Pitt Fessenden.............. July 1, 1864 Do.
27. Hugh McCulloch...................... Mar. 7, 1865 Do.
Do............................... Apr. 15, 1865 Andrew Johnson.
28. George S. Boutwell.................. Mar. 11, 1869 Ulysses S. Grant.
29. William A. Richardson............... Mar. 17, 1873 Do.
30. Benjamin H. Bristow................. June 2, 1874 Do.
31. Lot M. Morrill...................... June 21, 1876 Do.
Do............................... June 21, 1876 Rutherford B. Hayes.
[[Page 1147]]
32. John Sherman........................ Mar. 8, 1877 Do.
33. William Windom...................... Mar. 5, 1881 James A. Garfield.
34. Charles J. Folger................... Oct. 27, 1881 Chester A. Arthur.
35. Walter Q. Gresham................... Sept. 24, 1884 Do.
36. Hugh McCulloch...................... Oct. 28, 1884 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Grover Cleveland.
37. Daniel Manning...................... Mar. 6, 1885 Do.
38. Charles S. Fairchild................ Apr. 1, 1887 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Benjamin Harrison.
39. William Windom...................... Mar. 5, 1889 Do.
40. Charles Foster...................... Feb. 24, 1891 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Grover Cleveland.
41. John G. Carlisle.................... Mar. 6, 1893 Do.
Do............................... ......................... William McKinley.
42. Lyman J. Gage....................... Mar. 5, 1897 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 5, 1901 Do.
43. Leslie M. Shaw...................... Jan. 9, 1902 Theodore Roosevelt.
Do............................... Mar. 6, 1905 Do.
44. George B. Cortelyou................. Mar. 4, 1907 Do.
45. Franklin MacVeagh................... Mar. 5, 1909 William H. Taft.
46. William G. McAdoo................... Mar. 5, 1913 Woodrow Wilson.
47. Carter Glass........................ Dec. 6, 1918 Do.
48. David Franklin Houston.............. Jan. 31, 1920 Do.
49. Andrew W. Mellon.................... Mar. 4, 1921 Warren G. Harding.
Do............................... ......................... Calvin Coolidge.
Do............................... ......................... Herbert C. Hoover.
50. Ogden L. Mills...................... Feb. 10, 1932 Do.
51. William H. Woodin................... Mar. 4, 1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt.
52. Henry Morgenthau, Jr................ Jan. 1, 1934 Do.
Do................................ ......................... Harry S. Truman.
53. Fred M. Vinson...................... July 18, 1945 Do.
54. John W. Snyder...................... June 12, 1946 Do.
55. George M. Humphrey.................. Jan. 21, 1953 Dwight D. Eisenhower.
56. Robert B. Anderson.................. July 29, 1957 Do.
57. Douglas Dillon...................... Jan. 21, 1961 John F. Kennedy.
58. Henry H. Fowler..................... Apr. 1, 1965 Lyndon B. Johnson.
59. Joseph W. Barr\1\................... Dec. 21, 1968 Do.
60. David M. Kennedy.................... Jan. 21, 1969 Richard M. Nixon.
61. John B. Connally.................... Feb. 11, 1971 Do.
62. George P. Shultz.................... June 12, 1972 Do.
63. William E. Simon.................... May 7, 1974 Do.
Do................................ ......................... Gerald R. Ford.
64. W. Michael Blumenthal............... Jan. 21, 1977 Jimmy Carter.
65. G. William Miller................... Aug. 6, 1979 Do.
66. Donald T. Regan..................... Jan. 22, 1981 Ronald Reagan.
67. James A. Baker, III................. Feb. 3, 1985 Do.
68. Nicholas F. Brady................... Sept. 15, 1988 Do.
Do................................ ......................... George Bush.
69. Lloyd Bentsen....................... Jan. 22, 1993 William J. Clinton.
70. Robert E. Rubin..................... Jan. 10, 1995 Do.
71. Lawrence H. Summers................. July 2, 1999 Do.
72. Paul H. O'Neill..................... Jan. 22, 2001 George W. Bush
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Recess appointment. Received new commission Jan. 9, 1969, upon confirmation by the Senate.
1453
SECRETARIES OF DEFENSE*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name When appointed President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. James V. Forrestal.................. July 28, 1947 Harry S. Truman.
2. Louis A. Johnson.................... Mar. 23, 1949 Do.
3. George C. Marshall.................. Sept. 20, 1950 Do.
4. Robert A. Lovett.................... Sept. 14, 1951 Do.
5. Charles E. Wilson................... Jan. 26, 1953 Dwight D. Eisenhower.
6. Neil Hosler McElroy................. Oct. 4, 1957 Do.
7. Thomas Sovereign Gates, Jr.......... Dec. 1, 1959 Do.
8. Robert S. McNamara.................. Jan. 21, 1961 John F. Kennedy.
Do............................... ......................... Lyndon B. Johnson.
9. Clark M. Clifford................... Mar. 1, 1968 Do.
10. Melvin R. Laird..................... Jan. 21, 1969 Richard M. Nixon.
[[Page 1148]]
11. Elliot L. Richardson................ Feb. 2, 1973 Do.
12. James R. Schlesinger................ June 29, 1973 Do.
Do............................... June 29, 1973 Gerald R. Ford.
13. Donald Rumsfeld..................... Nov. 18, 1975 Do.
14. Harold Brown........................ Jan. 21, 1977 Jimmy Carter.
15. Caspar Willard Weinberger........... Jan. 20, 1981 Ronald Reagan.
16. Frank C. Carlucci................... Nov. 23, 1987 Do.
17. Richard B. Cheney................... Mar. 17, 1989 George Bush.
18. Les Aspin........................... Jan. 22, 1993 William J. Clinton.
19. William J. Perry.................... Feb. 3, 1994 Do.
20. William S. Cohen.................... Jan. 24, 1997 Do.
21. Donald H. Rumsfeld.................. Jan. 22, 2001 George W. Bush
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The National Security Act of 1947, Public Law 253, 80th Cong., approved July 26, 1947, created the office of
Secretary of Defense and merged the War and Navy Departments into the National Military Establishment.
1454
SECRETARIES OF WAR*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name When appointed President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Harry Knox.......................... Sept. 12, 1789 George Washington.
Do............................... Mar. 4, 1793 Do.
2. Timothy Pickering................... Jan. 2, 1795 Do.
3. James McHenry....................... Jan. 27, 1796 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 4, 1797 John Adams.
4. Samuel Dexter....................... May 13, 1800 Do.
5. Roger Griswold...................... Feb. 3, 1801 Do.
6. Henry Dearborn...................... Mar. 5, 1801 Thomas Jefferson.
Do............................... Mar. 4, 1805 Do.
7. William Eustis...................... Mar. 7, 1809 James Madison.
8. John Armstrong...................... Jan. 13, 1813 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 4, 1813 Do.
9. James Monroe........................ Sept. 27, 1814 Do.
10. William H. Crawford................. Aug. 1, 1815 Do.
11. George Graham....................... Apr. 7, 1817 James Monroe.
12. John C. Calhoun..................... Oct. 8, 1817 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 5, 1821 Do.
13. James Barbour....................... Mar. 7, 1825 John Quincy Adams.
14. Peter B. Porter..................... May 26, 1828 Do.
15. John H. Eaton....................... Mar. 9, 1829 Andrew Jackson.
16. Lewis Cass.......................... Aug. 1, 1831 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 4, 1833 Do.
17. Joel R. Poinsett.................... Mar. 7, 1837 Martin Van Buren.
18. John Bell........................... Mar. 5, 1841 William H. Harrison.
Do............................... Apr. 6, 1841 John Tyler.
19. John McLean......................... Sept. 13, 1841 Do.
20. John C. Spencer..................... Oct. 12, 1841 Do.
21. James M. Porter..................... Mar. 8, 1843 Do.
22. William Wilkins..................... Feb. 15, 1844 Do.
23. William L. Marcy.................... Mar. 6, 1845 James K. Polk.
24. George W. Crawford.................. Mar. 8, 1849 Zachary Taylor.
25. Charles M. Conard................... Aug. 15, 1850 Millard Fillmore.
26. Jefferson Davis..................... Mar. 17, 1853 Franklin Pierce.
27. John B. Floyd....................... Mar. 6, 1857 James Buchanan.
28. Joseph Holt......................... Jan. 18, 1861 Do.
29. Simon Cameron....................... Mar. 5, 1861 Abraham Lincoln.
30. Edwin M. Stanton.................... Jan. 15, 1862 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 4, 1865 Do.
Do............................... Apr. 15, 1865 Andrew Johnson.
31. Ulysses S. Grant.................... Aug. 12, 1867 Do.
32. Lorenzo Thomas...................... Feb. 21, 1868 Do.
33. John M. Schofield................... May 28, 1868 Do.
34. John A. Rawlins..................... Mar. 11, 1869 Ulysses S. Grant.
William T. Sherman...................... Sept. 9, 1869 Do.
35. William W. Belknap.................. Oct. 25, 1869 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 17, 1873 Do.
36. Alphonso Taft....................... Mar. 8, 1876 Do.
37. James D. Cameron.................... May 22, 1876 Do.
38. George W. McCrary................... Mar. 12, 1877 Rutherford B. Hayes.
[[Page 1149]]
39. Alexander Ramsey.................... Dec. 10, 1879 Do.
40. Robert T. Lincoln................... Mar. 5, 1881 James A. Garfield.
Do............................... Sept. 20, 1881 Chester A. Arthur.
41. William C. Endicott................. Mar. 6, 1885 Grover Cleveland.
42. Redfield Proctor.................... Mar. 5, 1889 Benjamin Harrison.
43. Stephen B. Elkins................... Dec. 22, 1891 Do.
44. Daniel S. Lamont.................... Mar. 6, 1893 Grover Cleveland.
45. Russell A. Alger.................... Mar. 5, 1897 William McKinley.
46. Elihu Root.......................... Aug. 1, 1899 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 5, 1901 Do.
47. William H. Taft..................... Feb. 1, 1904 Theodore Roosevelt.
Do............................... Mar. 6, 1905 Do.
48. Luke E. Wright...................... June 29, 1908 Do.
49. Jacob M. Dickinson.................. Mar. 5, 1909 William H. Taft.
50. Henry Lewis Stimson................. May 16, 1911 Do.
51. Lindley M. Garrison................. Mar. 5, 1913 Woodrow Wilson.
52. Newton D. Baker..................... Mar. 7, 1916 Do.
53. John Wingate Weeks.................. Mar. 5, 1921 Warren G. Harding.
Do............................... ......................... Calvin Coolidge.
54. Dwight F. Davis..................... Oct. 13, 1925 Do.
55. James William Good.................. Mar. 5, 1929 Herbert C. Hoover.
56. Patrick J. Hurley................... Dec. 9, 1929 Do.
57. George H. Dern...................... Mar. 4, 1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt.
58. Harry Hines Woodring................ Sept. 25, 1936 Do.
59. Henry Lewis Stimson................. July 10, 1940 Do.
60. Robert P. Patterson................. Sept. 26, 1945 Harry S. Truman.
61. Kenneth C. Royall................... July 21, 1947 Do.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The National Security Act of 1947, Public Law 253, 80th Cong., approved July 26, 1947, created the office of
Secretary of Defense and merged the War and Navy Departments into the National Military Establishment.
1455
ATTORNEYS GENERAL
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name When appointed President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Edmund Randolph..................... Sept. 26, 1789 George Washington.
Do............................... Mar. 4, 1793 Do.
2. William Bradford.................... Jan. 27, 1794 Do.
3. Charles Lee......................... Dec. 10, 1795 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 4, 1797 John Adams.
4. Theophilus Parsons (declined)....... Feb. 20, 1801 Do.
5. Levi Lincoln........................ Mar. 5, 1801 Thomas Jefferson.
6. Robert Smith\1\..................... Mar. 3, 1805 Do.
7. John Breckenridge................... Aug. 7, 1805 Do.
8. Caesar A. Rodney.................... Jan. 20, 1807 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 4, 1809 James Madison.
9. William Pinckney.................... Dec. 11, 1811 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 4, 1813 Do.
10. Richard Rush........................ Feb. 10, 1814 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 4, 1817 James Monroe.
11. William Wirt........................ Nov. 13, 1817 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 5, 1821 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 4, 1825 John Quincy Adams.
12. John M. Berrien..................... Mar. 9, 1829 Andrew Jackson.
13. Roger B. Taney...................... July 20, 1831 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 4, 1833 Do.
14. Benjamin F. Butler.................. Nov. 15, 1833 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 4, 1837 Martin Van Buren.
15. Felix Grundy........................ July 5, 1838 Do.
16. Henry D. Gilpin..................... Jan. 11, 1840 Do.
17. John J. Crittenden.................. Mar. 5, 1841 William H. Harrison.
Do............................... Apr. 6, 1841 John Tyler.
18. Hugh S. Legare...................... Sept. 13, 1841 Do.
19. John Nelson......................... July 1, 1843 Do.
20. John Y. Mason....................... Mar. 6, 1845 James K. Polk.
21. Nathan Clifford..................... Oct. 17, 1846 Do.
22. Isaac Toucey........................ June 21, 1848 Do.
23. Reverdy Johnson..................... Mar. 8, 1849 Zachary Taylor.
24. John J. Crittenden.................. July 22, 1850 Millard Fillmore.
[[Page 1150]]
25. Caleb Cushing....................... Mar. 7, 1853 Franklin Pierce.
26. Jeremiah S. Black................... Mar. 6, 1857 James Buchanan.
27. Edwin M. Stanton.................... Dec. 20, 1860 Do.
28. Edward Bates........................ Mar. 5, 1861 Abraham Lincoln.
29. Titian J. Coffey\2\................. June 22, 1863 Do.
30. James Speed......................... Dec. 2, 1864 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 4, 1865 Do.
Do............................... Apr. 15, 1865 Andrew Johnson.
31. Henry Stanbery...................... July 23, 1866 Do.
32. William M. Evarts................... July 15, 1868 Do.
33. E. Rockwood Hoar.................... Mar. 5, 1869 Ulysses S. Grant.
34. Amos T. Ackerman.................... June 23, 1870 Do.
35. George H. Williams.................. Dec. 14, 1871 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 17, 1873 Do.
36. Edwards Pierrepont.................. Apr. 26, 1875 Do.
37. Alphonso Taft....................... May 22, 1876 Do.
38. Charles Devens...................... Mar. 12, 1877 Rutherford B. Hayes.
39. Wayne MacVeagh...................... Mar. 5, 1881 James A. Garfield.
40. Benjamin H. Brewster................ Dec. 19, 1881 Chester A. Arthur.
41. Augustus H. Garland................. Mar. 6, 1885 Grover Cleveland.
42. William H. H. Miller................ Mar. 5, 1889 Benjamin Harrison.
43. Richard Olney....................... Mar. 6, 1893 Grover Cleveland.
44. Judson Harmon....................... June 8, 1895 Do.
45. Joseph McKenna...................... Mar. 5, 1897 William McKinley.
46. John W. Griggs...................... Jan. 25, 1898 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 5, 1901 Do.
47. Philander C. Knox................... Apr. 5, 1901 Do.
48. William H. Moody.................... July 1, 1904 Theodore Roosevelt.
Do............................... Mar. 6, 1905 Do.
49. Charles J. Bonaparte................ Dec. 12, 1906 Do.
50. George W. Wickersham................ Mar. 5, 1909 William H. Taft.
51. James Clark McReynolds.............. Mar. 5, 1913 Woodrow Wilson.
52. Thomas Watt Gregory................. Aug. 29, 1914 Do.
53. A. Mitchell Palmer.................. Mar. 5, 1919 Do.
54. Harry M. Daugherty.................. Mar. 5, 1921 Warren G. Harding.
Do............................... ......................... Calvin Coolidge.
55. Harlan F. Stone..................... Apr. 7, 1924 Do.
56. John G. Sargent..................... Mar. 18, 1925 Do.
57. William DeWitt Mitchell............. Mar. 5, 1929 Herbert C. Hoover.
58. Homer S. Cummings................... Mar. 4, 1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt.
59. Frank Murphy........................ Jan. 2, 1939 Do.
60. Robert H. Jackson................... Jan. 18, 1940 Do.
61. Francis Biddle...................... Sept. 5, 1941 Do.
62. Tom C. Clark........................ June 15, 1945 Harry S. Truman.
63. J. Howard McGrath................... Aug. 19, 1949 Do.
64. James P. McGranery.................. May 21, 1952 Do.
65. Herbert Brownell, Jr................ Jan. 21, 1953 Dwight D. Eisenhower.
66. William P. Rogers................... Jan. 27, 1958 Do.
67. Robert F. Kennedy................... Jan. 21, 1961 John F. Kennedy.
Do............................... ......................... Lyndon B. Johnson.
68. Nicholas deB. Katzenbach............ Feb. 11, 1965 Do.
69. Ramsey Clark........................ Mar. 2, 1967 Do.
70. John N. Mitchell.................... Jan. 21, 1969 Richard M. Nixon.
71. Richard G. Kleindienst.............. June 12, 1972 Do.
72. Elliot L. Richardson................ May 24, 1973 Do.
73. William B. Saxbe.................... Jan. 4, 1974 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Gerald R. Ford.
74. Edward Hirsch Levi.................. Feb. 6, 1975 Do.
75. Griffin B. Bell..................... Jan. 26, 1977 Jimmy Carter.
76. Benjamin R. Civiletti............... Aug. 16, 1979 Do.
77. William French Smith................ Jan. 23, 1981 Ronald Reagan.
78. Edwin Meese III..................... Feb. 23, 1985 Do.
79. Richard L. Thornburgh............... Aug. 12, 1988 Do.
Do............................... ......................... George Bush.
80. William P. Barr..................... Nov. 26, 1991 Do.
81. Janet Reno.......................... Mar. 12, 1993 William J. Clinton.
82. John D. Ashcroft.................... Feb. 1, 2001 George W. Bush
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Appointed, but did not serve.
\2\Appointed Assistant Attorney General.
[[Page 1151]]
1456
POSTMASTERS GENERAL*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name When appointed President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Samuel Osgood....................... Sept. 26, 1789 George Washington.
2. Timothy Pickering................... Aug. 12, 1791 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 4, 1793 Do.
3. Joseph Habersham.................... Feb. 25, 1795 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 4, 1797 John Adams.
Do............................... Mar. 4, 1801 Thomas Jefferson.
4. Gideon Granger...................... Nov. 28, 1801 Do.
Do................................ Mar. 4, 1805 Do.
Do................................ Mar. 4, 1809 James Madison.
Do................................ Mar. 4, 1813 Do.
5. Return J. Meigs, Jr................. Mar. 17, 1814 Do.
Do................................ Mar. 4, 1817 James Monroe.
Do................................ Mar. 5, 1821 Do.
6. John McLean......................... June 26, 1823 Do.
Do................................ Mar. 4, 1825 John Quincy Adams.
7. William T. Barry.................... Mar. 9, 1829 Andrew Jackson.
Do................................ Mar. 4, 1833 Do.
8. Amos Kendall........................ May 1, 1835 Do.
Do................................ Mar. 4, 1837 Martin Van Buren.
9. John M. Niles....................... May 19, 1840 Do.
10. Francis Granger..................... Mar. 6, 1841 William H. Harrison.
Do................................ Apr. 6, 1841 John Tyler.
11. Charles A. Wickliffe................ Sept. 13, 1841 Do.
12. Cave Johnson........................ Mar. 6, 1845 James K. Polk.
13. Jacob Collamer...................... Mar. 8, 1849 Zachary Taylor.
14. Nathan K. Hall...................... July 23, 1850 Millard Fillmore.
15. Samuel D. Hubbard................... Aug. 31, 1852 Do.
16. James Campbell...................... Mar. 7, 1853 Franklin Pierce.
17. Aaron V. Brown...................... Mar. 6, 1857 James Buchanan.
18. Joseph Holt......................... Mar. 14, 1859 Do.
19. Horatio King........................ Feb. 12, 1861 Do.
20. Montgomery Blair.................... Mar. 5, 1861 Abraham Lincoln.
21. William Dennison.................... Sept. 24, 1864 Do.
Do................................ Mar. 4, 1865 Do.
Do................................ Apr. 15, 1865 Andrew Johnson.
22. Alexander W. Randall................ July 25, 1866 Do.
23. John A. Creswell.................... Mar. 5, 1869 Ulysses S. Grant.
Do................................ Mar. 17, 1873 Do.
James W. Marshal..................... July 3, 1874 Do.
24. Marshall Jewell..................... Aug. 24, 1874 Do.
25. James N. Tyner...................... July 12, 1876 Do.
26. David M. Key........................ Mar. 12, 1877 Rutherford B. Hayes.
27. Horace Maynard...................... June 2, 1880 Do.
28. Thomas L. James..................... Mar. 5, 1881 James A. Garfield.
Do................................ Oct. 27, 1881 Chester A. Arthur.
29. Timothy O. Howe..................... Dec. 20, 1881 Do.
30. Walter Q. Gresham................... Apr. 3, 1883 Do.
31. Frank Hatton........................ Oct. 14, 1884 Do.
32. William F. Vilas.................... Mar. 6, 1885 Grover Cleveland.
33. Don M. Dickinson.................... Jan. 16, 1888 Do.
34. John Wanamaker...................... Mar. 5, 1889 Benjamin Harrison.
35. Wilson S. Bissell................... Mar. 6, 1893 Grover Cleveland.
36. William L. Wilson................... Mar. 1, 1895 Do.
37. James A. Gary....................... Mar. 5, 1897 William McKinley.
38. Charles Emory Smith................. Apr. 21, 1898 Do.
Do................................ Mar. 5, 1901 Do.
39. Henry C. Payne...................... Jan. 9, 1902 Theodore Roosevelt.
40. Robert J. Wynne..................... Oct. 10, 1904 Do.
41. George B. Cortelyou................. Mar. 6, 1905 Do.
42. George von L. Meyer................. Mar. 4, 1907 Do.
43. Frank H. Hitchcock.................. Mar. 5, 1909 William H. Taft.
44. Albert Sidney Burleson.............. Mar. 5, 1913 Woodrow Wilson.
45. Will H. Hays........................ Mar. 5, 1921 Warren G. Harding.
46. Hubert Work......................... Mar. 4, 1922 Do.
47. Harry S. New........................ Feb. 27, 1923 Do.
Do................................ Mar. 5, 1925 Calvin Coolidge.
48. Walter Folger Brown................. Mar. 5, 1929 Herbert C. Hoover.
49. James A. Farley..................... Mar. 4, 1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt.
50. Frank C. Walker..................... Sept. 11, 1940 Do.
51. Robert E. Hannegan.................. May 8, 1945 Harry S. Truman.
52. Jesse M. Donaldson.................. Dec. 16, 1947 Do.
53. Arthur E. Summerfield............... Jan. 21, 1953 Dwight D. Eisenhower.
[[Page 1152]]
54. J. Edward Day....................... Jan. 21, 1961 John F. Kennedy.
55. John A. Gronouski................... Sept. 30, 1963 Do.
Do................................ ......................... Lyndon B. Johnson.
56. Lawrence F. O'Brien................. Nov. 3, 1965 Do.
57. W. Marvin Watson.................... Apr. 26, 1968 Do.
58. Winton M. Blount.................... Jan. 21, 1969 Richard M. Nixon.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The Post Office Department ceased to exist as a Cabinet Department upon the establishment of the United States
Postal Service, effective July 1, 1971. Winton M. Blount was the last Postmaster General to be appointed by a
President of the United States.
1457
SECRETARIES OF THE NAVY*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name When appointed President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Benjamin Stoddert................... May 21, 1798 John Adams.
Do................................ Mar. 4, 1801 Thomas Jefferson.
2. Robert Smith........................ July 15, 1801 Do.
3. Jacob Crowninshield\1\.............. Mar. 3, 1805 Do.
4. Paul Hamilton....................... Mar. 7, 1809 James Madison.
5. William Jones....................... Jan. 12, 1813 Do.
Do................................ Mar. 4, 1813 Do.
6. Benjamin W. Crowninshield........... Dec. 19, 1814 Do.
Do................................ Mar. 4, 1817 James Monroe.
7. Smith Thompson...................... Nov. 9, 1818 Do.
Do................................ Mar. 5, 1821 Do.
8. Samuel L. Southard.................. Sept. 18, 1823 Do.
Do................................ Mar. 4, 1825 John Quincy Adams.
9. John Branch......................... Mar. 9, 1829 Andrew Jackson.
10. Levi Woodbury....................... May 23, 1831 Do.
Do................................ Mar. 4, 1833 Do.
11. Mahlon Dickerson.................... June 30, 1834 Do.
Do................................ Mar. 4, 1837 Martin Van Buren.
12. James K. Paulding................... June 25, 1838 Do.
13. George E. Badger.................... Mar. 5, 1841 William H. Harrison.
Do................................ Apr. 6, 1841 John Tyler.
14. Abel P. Upshur...................... Sept. 13, 1841 Do.
15. David Henshaw....................... July 24, 1843 Do.
16. Thomas W. Gilmer.................... Feb. 15, 1844 Do.
17. John Y. Mason....................... Mar. 14, 1844 Do.
18. George Bancroft..................... Mar. 10, 1845 James K. Polk.
19. John Y. Mason....................... Sept. 9, 1846 Do.
20. William B. Preston.................. Mar. 8, 1849 Zachary Taylor.
21. William A. Graham................... July 22, 1850 Millard Fillmore.
22. John P. Kennedy..................... July 22, 1852 Do.
23. James C. Dobbin..................... Mar. 7, 1853 Franklin Pierce.
24. Isaac Toucey........................ Mar. 6, 1857 James Buchanan.
25. Gideon Welles....................... Mar. 5, 1861 Abraham Lincoln.
Do................................ Mar. 4, 1865 Do.
Do................................ Apr. 15, 1865 Andrew Johnson.
26. Adolph E. Borie..................... Mar. 5, 1869 Ulysses S. Grant.
27. George M. Robeson................... June 25, 1869 Do.
Do................................ Mar. 17, 1873 Do.
28. Richard W. Thompson................. Mar. 12, 1877 Rutherford B. Hayes.
29. Nathan Goff, Jr..................... Jan. 6, 1881 Do.
30. William H. Hunt..................... Mar. 5, 1881 James A. Garfield.
31. William E. Chandler................. Apr. 12, 1882 Chester A. Arthur.
32. William C. Whitney.................. Mar. 6, 1885 Grover Cleveland.
33. Benjamin F. Tracy................... Mar. 5, 1889 Benjamin Harrison.
34. Hilary A. Herbert................... Mar. 6, 1893 Grover Cleveland.
35. John D. Long........................ Mar. 5, 1897 William McKinley.
Do................................ Mar. 5, 1901 Do.
36. William H. Moody.................... Apr. 29, 1902 Theodore Roosevelt.
37. Paul Morton......................... July 1, 1904 Do.
Do................................ Mar. 6, 1905 Do.
38. Charles J. Bonaparte................ July 1, 1905 Theodore Roosevelt.
39. Victor H. Metcalf................... Dec. 12, 1906 Do.
40. Trueman H. Newberry................. Dec. 1, 1908 Do.
41. George von L. Meyer................. Mar. 5, 1909 William H. Taft.
42. Josephus Daniels.................... Mar. 5, 1913 Woodrow Wilson.
[[Page 1153]]
43. Edwin Denby......................... Mar. 5, 1921 Warren G. Harding.
Do................................ ......................... Calvin Coolidge.
44. Curtis D. Wilbur.................... Mar. 18, 1924 Do.
45. Charles Francis Adams............... Mar. 5, 1929 Herbert C. Hoover.
46. Claude A. Swanson................... Mar. 4, 1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt.
47. Charles Edison...................... Dec. 30, 1939 Do.
48. Frank Knox.......................... July 10, 1940 Do.
49. James V. Forrestal.................. May 18, 1944 Do.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The Navy and War Departments were merged into the National Military Establishment by Public Law 253, 80th
Cong., approved July 26, 1947.
\1\Declined the position and never entered on duty.
1458
SECRETARIES OF THE INTERIOR
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name When appointed President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Thomas Ewing........................ Mar. 8, 1849 Zachary Taylor.
2. Thomas M. T. McKennan............... Aug. 15, 1850 Millard Fillmore.
3. Alex H. H. Stuart................... Sept. 12, 1850 Do.
4. Robert McClelland................... Mar. 7, 1853 Franklin Pierce.
5. Jacob Thompson...................... Mar. 6, 1857 James Buchanan.
6. Caleb B. Smith...................... Mar. 5, 1861 Abraham Lincoln.
7. John P. Usher....................... Jan. 1, 1863 Do.
Do................................ Mar. 4, 1865 Do.
Do................................ Apr. 15, 1865 Andrew Johnson.
8. James Harlan........................ May 15, 1865 Do.
9. Orville H. Browning................. July 27, 1866 Do.
10. Jacob D. Cox........................ Mar. 5, 1869 Ulysses S. Grant.
11. Columbus Delano..................... Nov. 1, 1870 Do.
Do................................ Mar. 17, 1873 Do.
12. Zachariah Chandler.................. Oct. 19, 1875 Do.
13. Carl Schurz......................... Mar. 12, 1877 Rutherford B. Hayes.
14. Samuel J. Kirkwood.................. Mar. 5, 1881 James A. Garfield.
15. Henry M. Teller..................... Apr. 6, 1882 Chester A. Arthur.
16. Lucius Q. C. Lamar.................. Mar. 6, 1885 Grover Cleveland.
17. William F. Vilas.................... Jan. 16, 1888 Do.
18. John W. Noble....................... Mar. 5, 1889 Benjamin Harrison.
19. Hoke Smith.......................... Mar. 6, 1893 Grover Cleveland.
20. David R. Francis.................... Sept. 1, 1896 Do.
21. Cornelius N. Bliss.................. Mar. 5, 1897 William McKinley.
22. Ethan Allen Hitchcock............... Dec. 21, 1898 Do.
Do................................ Mar. 5, 1901 Do.
Do................................ Mar. 6, 1905 Theodore Roosevelt.
23. James R. Garfield................... Jan. 15, 1907 Do.
24. Richard A. Ballinger................ Mar. 5, 1909 William H. Taft.
25. Walter L. Fisher.................... Mar. 7, 1911 Do.
26. Franklin Knight Lane................ Mar. 5, 1913 Woodrow Wilson.
27. John Barton Payne................... Feb. 28, 1920 Do.
28. Albert Bacon Fall................... Mar. 5, 1921 Warren G. Harding.
29. Hubert Work......................... Feb. 27, 1923 Do.
Do................................ ......................... Calvin Coolidge.
30. Ray O. West......................... July 20, 1928 Do.
31. Ray Lyman Wilbur.................... Mar. 5, 1929 Herbert C. Hoover.
32. Harold L. Ickes..................... Mar. 4, 1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt.
33. Julius A. Krug...................... Mar. 6, 1946 Harry S. Truman.
34. Oscar L. Chapman.................... Nov. 25, 1949 Do.
35. Douglas McKay....................... Jan. 21, 1953 Dwight D. Eisenhower.
36. Frederick A. Seaton................. June 6, 1956 Do.
37. Stewart Lee Udall................... Jan. 21, 1961 John F. Kennedy.
Do................................ ......................... Lyndon B. Johnson.
38. Walter J. Hickel.................... Jan. 24, 1969 Richard M. Nixon.
39. Rogers C. B. Morton................. Jan. 29, 1971 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Gerald R. Ford.
40. Stanley K. Hathaway................. June 12, 1975 Do.
41. Thomas S. Kleppe.................... Oct. 13, 1975 Do.
42. Cecil D. Andrus..................... Jan. 21, 1977 Jimmy Carter.
43. James Gaius Watt.................... Jan. 23, 1981 Ronald Reagan.
44. William P. Clark.................... Nov. 18, 1983 Do.
45. Donald P. Hodel..................... Feb. 7, 1985 Do.
[[Page 1154]]
46. Manuel Lujan, Jr.................... Feb. 3, 1989 George Bush.
47. Bruce Babbitt....................... Jan. 22, 1993 William J. Clinton.
48. Gale A. Norton...................... Jan. 31, 2001 George W. Bush
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1459
SECRETARIES OF AGRICULTURE
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name When appointed President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Norman J. Coleman................... Feb. 13, 1889 Grover Cleveland.
2. Jeremiah M. Rusk.................... Mar. 5, 1889 Benjamin Harrison.
3. Julius Sterling Morton.............. Mar. 6, 1893 Grover Cleveland.
4. James Wilson........................ Mar. 5, 1897 William McKinley.
Do............................... Mar. 5, 1901 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 6, 1905 Theodore Roosevelt.
Do............................... Mar. 5, 1909 William H. Taft.
5. David Franklin Houston.............. Mar. 5, 1913 Woodrow Wilson.
6. Edwin Thomas Meredith............... Jan. 31, 1920 Do.
7. Henry C. Wallace.................... Mar. 5, 1921 Warren G. Harding.
Do............................... ......................... Calvin Coolidge.
8. Howard M. Gore...................... Nov. 21, 1924 Do.
9. William M. Jardine.................. Feb. 18, 1925 Do.
10. Arthur L. Hyde...................... Mar. 5, 1929 Herbert C. Hoover.
11. Henry A. Wallace.................... Mar. 4, 1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt.
12. Claude R. Wickard................... Aug. 27, 1940 Do.
13. Clinton P. Anderson................. June 2, 1945 Harry S. Truman.
14. Charles F. Brannan.................. May 29, 1948 Do.
15. Ezra Taft Benson.................... Jan. 21, 1953 Dwight D. Eisenhower.
16. Orville L. Freeman.................. Jan. 21, 1961 John F. Kennedy.
Do............................... ......................... Lyndon B. Johnson.
17. Clifford M. Hardin.................. Jan. 21, 1969 Richard M. Nixon.
18. Earl Lauer Butz..................... Dec. 2, 1971 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Gerald R. Ford.
19. John A. Knebel \1\.................. Nov. 3, 1976 Do.
20. Bob S. Bergland..................... Jan. 21, 1977 Jimmy Carter.
21. John R. Block....................... Jan. 23, 1981 Ronald Reagan.
22. Richard E. Lyng..................... Mar. 7, 1986 Do.
23. Clayton K. Yeutter.................. Feb. 16, 1989 George Bush.
24. Edward R. Madigan................... Mar. 8, 1991 Do.
25. Mike Espy........................... Jan. 22, 1993 William J. Clinton.
26. Daniel R. Glickman.................. Mar. 30, 1995 Do.
27. Ann M. Veneman...................... Jan. 22, 2001 George W. Bush
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Recess appointment. Nomination not confirmed by the Senate.
1460
SECRETARIES OF COMMERCE AND LABOR*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name When appointed President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. George B. Cortelyou................. Feb. 16, 1903 Theodore Roosevelt.
2. Victor H. Metcalf................... July 1, 1904 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 6, 1905 Do
3. Oscar S. Straus..................... Dec. 12, 1906 Do.
4. Charles Nagel....................... Mar. 5, 1909 William H. Taft.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Department of Commerce and Labor abolished Mar. 3, 1913.
1461
SECRETARIES OF COMMERCE
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name When appointed President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. William C. Redfield................. Mar. 5, 1913 Woodrow Wilson.
2. Joshua Wills Alexander.............. Dec. 11, 1919 Do.
3. Herbert C. Hoover................... Mar. 5, 1921 Warren G. Harding.
Do............................... ......................... Calvin Coolidge.
4. William F. Whiting.................. Aug. 21, 1928 Do.
5. Robert Patterson Lamont............. Mar. 5, 1929 Herbert C. Hoover.
6. Roy Dikeman Chapin.................. Aug. 8, 1932 Do.
[[Page 1155]]
7. Daniel C. Roper..................... Mar. 4, 1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt.
8. Harry L. Hopkins.................... Dec. 24, 1938 Do.
9. Jesse H. Jones...................... Sept. 16, 1940 Do.
10. Henry A. Wallace.................... Mar. 1, 1945 Do.
11. W. Averell Harriman................. Sept. 28, 1946 Harry S. Truman.
12. Charles Sawyer...................... May 6, 1948 Do.
13. Sinclair Weeks...................... Jan. 21, 1953 Dwight D. Eisenhower.
14. Lewis L. Strauss\1\................. Nov. 13, 1958 Do.
15. Frederick Henry Mueller............. Aug. 6, 1959 Do.
16. Luther H. Hodges.................... Jan. 21, 1961 John F. Kennedy.
17. John T. Connor...................... Jan. 18, 1965 Lyndon B. Johnson.
18. Alexander B. Trowbridge............. June 14, 1967 Do.
19. C. R. Smith......................... Mar. 6, 1968 Do.
20. Maurice H. Stans.................... Jan. 21, 1969 Richard M. Nixon.
21. Peter G. Peterson................... Feb. 29, 1972 Do.
22. Frederick B. Dent................... Feb. 2, 1973 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Gerald R. Ford.
23. Rogers C. B. Morton................. May 1, 1975 Do
24. Elliot L. Richardson................ Feb. 1, 1976 Do.
25. Juanita M. Kreps.................... Jan. 21, 1977 Jimmy Carter.
26. Philip M. Klutznick................. Dec. 21, 1979 Do.
27. Malcolm Baldrige.................... Jan. 23, 1981 Ronald Reagan.
28. C. William Verity, Jr............... Oct. 15, 1987 Do.
29. Robert A. Mosbacher................. Feb. 3, 1989 George Bush.
30. Barbara H. Franklin................. Mar. 23, 1992 Do.
31. Ronald H. Brown..................... Jan. 22, 1993 William J. Clinton.
32. Michael Kantor...................... Apr. 12, 1996 Do.
33. William M. Daley.................... Feb. 10, 1997 Do.
34. Norman Y. Mineta.................... July 21, 2000 Do.
35. Donald L. Evans..................... Jan. 22, 2001 George W. Bush
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Recess appointment. Nomination not confirmed by the Senate (June 18, 1959).
1462
SECRETARIES OF LABOR
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name When appointed President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. William Bauchop Wilson.............. Mar. 5, 1913 Woodrow Wilson.
2. James J. Davis...................... Mar. 5, 1921 Warren G. Harding.
Do............................... ......................... Calvin Coolidge.
3. William N. Doak..................... Dec. 9, 1930 Herbert C. Hoover.
4. Frances Perkins..................... Mar. 4, 1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt.
5. Lewis B. Schwellenbach.............. June 1, 1945 Harry S. Truman.
6. Maurice J. Tobin.................... Aug. 12, 1948 Do.
7. Martin P. Durkin.................... Jan. 21, 1953 Dwight D. Eisenhower.
8. James P. Mitchell................... Jan. 19, 1954 Do.
9. Arthur J. Goldberg.................. Jan. 21, 1961 John F. Kennedy.
10. W. Willard Wirtz.................... Sept. 25, 1962 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Lyndon B. Johnson.
11. George P. Shultz.................... Jan. 21, 1969 Richard M. Nixon.
12. James D. Hodgson.................... July 1, 1970 Do.
13. Peter J. Brennan.................... Feb. 2, 1973 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Gerald R. Ford.
14. John T. Dunlop...................... Mar. 18, 1975 Do.
15. Willie J. Usery, Jr................. Feb. 10, 1976 Do.
16. Ray Marshall........................ Jan. 26, 1977 Jimmy Carter.
17. Raymond J. Donovan.................. Feb. 4, 1981 Ronald Reagan.
18. William E. Brock III................ April 29, 1985 Do.
19. Ann D. McLaughlin................... Dec. 11, 1987 Do.
20. Elizabeth H. Dole................... Jan. 30, 1989 George Bush.
21. Lynn Martin......................... Feb. 22, 1991 Do.
22. Robert B. Reich..................... Jan. 22, 1993 William J. Clinton.
23. Alexis M. Herman.................... May 2, 1997 Do.
24. Elaine L. Chow...................... Jan. 31, 2001 George W. Bush
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 1156]]
1463
SECRETARIES OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name When appointed President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Oveta Culp Hobby.................... Apr. 10, 1953 Dwight D. Eisenhower.
2. Marion B. Folsom.................... Aug. 1, 1955 Do.
3. Arthur S. Flemming.................. Aug. 1, 1958 Do.
4. Abraham Ribicoff.................... Jan. 21, 1961 John F. Kennedy.
5. Anthony J. Celebrezze............... July 30, 1962 Do.
6. John W. Gardner..................... Aug. 18, 1965 Lyndon B. Johnson.
7. Wilbur J. Cohen..................... May 16, 1968 Do.
8. Robert H. Finch..................... Jan. 21, 1969 Richard M. Nixon.
9. Elliot L. Richardson................ June 24, 1970 Do.
10. Caspar W. Weinberger................ Feb. 8, 1973 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Gerald R. Ford.
11. Forrest David Mathews............... Aug. 8, 1975 Do.
12. Joseph A. Califano, Jr.............. Jan. 25, 1977 Jimmy Carter.
13. Patricia Roberts Harris............. Aug. 3, 1979 Do.
14. Richard S. Schweiker................ Jan. 22, 1981 Ronald Reagan.
15. Margaret M. Heckler................. Mar. 9, 1983 Do.
16. Dr. Otis R. Bowen................... Dec. 13, 1985 Do.
17. Dr. Louis W. Sullivan............... Mar. 10, 1989 George Bush.
18. Donna E. Shalala.................... Jan. 22, 1993 William J. Clinton.
19. Tommy G. Thompson................... Feb. 2, 2001 George W. Bush
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The Department of Health, Education, and Welfare was created by Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1953, approved
Apr. 1, 1953 (67 Stat. 18; 5 U.S.C. 623), which, effective Apr. 11, 1953, abolished the Federal Security
Agency and transferred its functions to the new Department. Name changed from Department of Health, Education,
and Welfare effective May 4, 1980, pursuant to Executive Order 12212 of May 2, 1980.
1464
SECRETARIES OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name When appointed President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Robert C. Weaver.................... Jan. 18, 1966 Lyndon B. Johnson.
2. Robert C. Wood\1\................... Jan. 2, 1969 Do.
3. George W. Romney.................... Jan. 21, 1969 Richard M. Nixon.
4. James T. Lynn....................... Feb. 2, 1973 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Gerald R. Ford.
5. Carla Anderson Hills................ Mar. 10, 1975 Do.
6. Patricia Roberts Harris............. Jan. 21, 1977 Jimmy Carter.
7. Moon Landrieu....................... Sept. 14, 1979 Do.
8. Samuel R. Pierce, Jr................ Jan. 23, 1981 Ronald Reagan.
9. Jack Kemp........................... Feb. 6, 1989 George Bush.
10. Henry G. Cisneros................... Jan. 22, 1993 William J. Clinton.
11. Andrew Cuomo........................ Jan. 29, 1997 Do.
12. Mel R. Martinez..................... Jan. 24, 2001 George W. Bush
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Recess appointment.
*The Department of Housing and Urban Development was created by Public Law 89-174, approved Sept. 9, 1965.
1465
SECRETARIES OF TRANSPORTATION*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name When appointed President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Alan S. Boyd........................ Jan. 12, 1967 Lyndon B. Johnson.
2. John A. Volpe....................... Jan. 21, 1969 Richard M. Nixon.
3. Claude S. Brinegar.................. Feb. 2, 1973 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Gerald R. Ford.
4. William T. Coleman, Jr.............. Mar. 4, 1975 Do.
5. Brockman Adams...................... Jan. 21, 1977 Jimmy Carter.
6. Neil Goldschmidt.................... Aug. 10, 1979 Do.
7. Andrew L. Lewis, Jr................. Jan. 23, 1981 Ronald Reagan.
8. Elizabeth Hanford Dole.............. Feb. 7, 1983 Do.
9. James H. Burnley IV................. Dec. 2, 1987 Do.
10. Samuel K. Skinner................... Feb. 1, 1989 George Bush.
11. Andrew H. Card, Jr.................. Feb. 24, 1992 Do.
12. Federico Pena....................... Jan. 22, 1993 William J. Clinton.
13. Rodney E. Slater.................... Feb. 14, 1997 Do.
14. Norman Y. Mineta.................... Feb. 8, 2001 George W. Bush
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The Department of Transportation was created by Public Law 89-670, approved Oct. 15, 1966.
[[Page 1157]]
1466
SECRETARIES OF ENERGY*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name When appointed President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. James R. Schlesinger................. Aug. 5, 1977 Jimmy Carter.
2. Charles William Duncan, Jr........... Aug. 24, 1979 Do.
3. James B. Edwards..................... Jan. 23, 1981 Ronald Reagan.
4. Donald P. Hodel...................... Nov. 5, 1982 Do.
5. John S. Herrington................... Feb. 7, 1985 Do.
6. James D. Watkins..................... Mar. 9, 1989 George Bush.
7. Hazel Rollins O'Leary................ Jan. 22, 1993 William J. Clinton.
8. Frederico Pena....................... Mar. 12, 1997 Do.
9. Bill Richardson...................... Aug. 13, 1998 Do.
10. Spencer Abraham..................... Jan. 22, 2001 George W. Bush
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The Department of Energy was created by Public Law 95-91, approved Aug. 4, 1977.
1467
SECRETARIES OF EDUCATION*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name When appointed President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Shirley Mount Hufstedler............. Dec. 6, 1979 Jimmy Carter.
2. T.H. Bell............................ Jan. 23, 1981 Ronald Reagan.
3. William J. Bennett................... Feb. 6, 1985 Do.
4. Lauro F. Cavazos..................... Sept. 20, 1988 Do.
Do............................... ......................... George Bush.
5. Lamar Alexander...................... Mar. 18, 1991 Do.
6. Richard W. Riley..................... Jan. 22, 1993 William J. Clinton.
7. Roderick R. Paige.................... Jan. 22, 2001 George W. Bush
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The Department of Education was created by Public Law 96-88, approved Oct. 17, 1979, and became effective May
4, 1980, pursuant to Executive Order 12212 of May 2, 1980.
1468
SECRETARIES OF VETERANS AFFAIRS*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name When appointed President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Edward J. Derwinski.................. Mar. 15, 1989 George Bush.
2. Jesse Brown.......................... Jan. 22, 1993 William J. Clinton.
3. Togo D. West, Jr..................... May 5, 1998 Do.
4. Anthony J. Principi.................. Mar. 2, 2001 George W. Bush
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The Department of Veterans Affairs was created by Public Law 100-527, approved Oct. 25, 1988, which abolished
the Veterans Administration and transferred its functions to the new Department, effective Mar. 15, 1989.
ratification of constitution
ratification of constitution
ratification of constitution