[Constitution, Jefferson's Manual, and the Rules of the House of Representatives, 105th Congress]
[105th Congress]
[House Document 104-272]
[Jeffersons Manual of ParliamentaryPractice]
[Pages 212-214]
[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]


 

             sec. xxxi.--bill, second reading in the house.



Sec. 428. Manner of reading a bill the second 
time.

  In  Parliament, after the bill has been read a second time, if on 
the motion and question it be not committed, or if no proposition for 
commitment be made, the speaker reads it by paragraphs, pausing between 
each, but putting no question but on amendments proposed; but when 
through the whole, he puts the question whether it shall be read a third 
time, if it came from the other house, or, if originating with 
themselves, whether it shall be engrossed and read a third time. The 
speaker reads sitting, but rises to put questions. The clerk stands 
while he reads.



[[Page 213]]

come the practice not to engross a bill till it has passed--an irregular and 
dangerous practice, because in this way the paper which passes the 
Senate is not that which goes to the other House, and that which goes to 
the other House as the act of the Senate has never been seen in the 
Senate. In reducing numerous, difficult, and illegible amendments into 
the text the Secretary may, with the most innocent intentions, commit 
errors which can never again be corrected.

  But the Senate of the United States is so much in the habit of making 
many and material amendments at the third reading that it has be-


  In the House of Representatives the Clerk and not the Speaker or 
Chairman of the Committee of the Whole reads bills on second reading. 
After the second reading, which is in full, the bill is open to 
amendment. Clause 1 of rule XXI, as explained in Sec. 831, infra, 
governs first and second readings of bills in the House and in Committee 
of the Whole.


[[Page 214]]

doubtful. In this stage, therefore, is the main trial of strength between 
its friends and opponents, and it behooves everyone to make up his mind 
decisively for this question, or he loses the main battle; and accident 
and management may, and often do, prevent a successful rallying on the 
next and last question, whether it shall pass.



Sec. 429. Test of strength on engrossment after 
amendment.

  The  bill being now as perfect as its friends can make it, this 
is the proper stage for those fundamentally opposed to make their first 
attack. All attempts at earlier periods are with disjointed efforts, 
because many who do not expect to be in favor of the bill ultimately, 
are willing to let it go on to its perfect state, to take time to 
examine it themselves and to hear what can be said for it, knowing that 
after all they will have sufficient opportunities of giving it their 
veto. Its two last stages, therefore, are reserved for this--that is to 
say, on the question whether it shall be engrossed and read a third 
time, and, lastly, whether it shall pass. The first of these is usually 
the most interesting contest, because then the whole subject is new and 
engaging, and the minds of the Members having not yet been declared by 
any trying vote the issue is the more 



<>   
When the bill is engrossed the title is to be indorsed on the back, and 
not within the bill. Hakew, 250.



Sec. 430. Test of strength on a bill before amending.

  In  the 
House of Representatives there are two other means of testing strength--
one by raising the question of consideration when the bill first comes 
up (clause 3 of rule XVI), and the other by moving to strike out the 
enacting words when it is first open to amendment (clause 7 of rule 
XXIII). By these methods an adverse opinion may be expressed without 
permitting the bill to consume the time of the House.



  In the practice of the House of Representatives and the Senate the 
title appears in its proper place in the engrossed bill, and also is 
endorsed, with the number, on the back.