Frost and freeze conditions have been observed over portions of central and southeast Illinois so far this autumn. The map above, courtesy of the Midwestern Regional Climate Center, shows the areas that have seen the first freeze of the season. (click image to enlarge)
Frost occurs when the surface temperature cools to the dewpoint temperature, and both are at or below 32 degrees. Water vapor in the air turns directly into ice without becoming a liquid first, producing visible ice crystals on surfaces. Freezes occur when the air temperature (measured about 6 feet off the ground) falls below 32 degrees; temperatures of 28 degrees or colder are considered to be a hard freeze.