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Projecting the Effects of Sea-Level Rise on Coastal Habitats of the National Wildlife Refuge System as of February 13, 2012
Introduction
The Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM) is the “workhorse model” for sea-level rise planning on the Refuge System. First developed in 1988, SLAMM has evolved into Version 6.0, with improvement an ongoing process. The SLAMM modeler is typically a contractor, Fish and Wildlife Service employee, conservation partner, or graduate student. SLAMM modeling on the Refuge System is coordinated from the Division of Natural Resources and Conservation Planning in the Washington Office.
How SLAMM Works
The SLAMM modeler begins with a digitized habitat map of the study area (such as a refuge and its surrounding) and applies one or more sea-level rise scenarios. In Refuge System SLAMM analysis, typically several scenarios ranging from 0.4 meters to 2 meters sea-level rise by the year 2100 are used. SLAMM models the effects of inundation, erosion, overwash, saturation, and accretion under these various scenarios. The key products of SLAMM are maps and tables projecting the acreage of habitats at future points in time such as 2025, 2050, 2075, and 2100.
Refuge System SLAMM Coverage
- Refuges with oceanic or estuarine coastline (herein, “coastal refuges”): 171
- Refuges with refuge-specific SLAMM analyses: 133
- Coastal refuges without completed SLAMM analyses: 38 [i.e., 171 – 133]
- Coastal refuges for which SLAMM is not needed (e.g., rocky islands): 26a
- Coastal refuges for which a first SLAMM analysis is needed: 12 [i.e., 38 – 26]
- Coastal refuges for which SLAMM is not applicable or appropriate for the foreseeable future (e.g., Alaskan refuges lacking data): 11
- (Initial) SLAMM analyses needed and feasible in foreseeable future: 1 [i.e., 12 – 11]
- (Initial) SLAMM analyses in the planning/funding stage: 1
- Initial SLAMM analyses (needed and feasible) not yet planned/funded: 0
- “Re-SLAMM” analyses: 6. Re-SLAMMing may occur when key data sets (such as elevation, wetlands coverage, and accretion rates) are improved or updated, when the SLAMM model is improved or updated, to take advantage of new SLAMM features such as uncertainty analysis, for exploring additional sea-level rise scenarios, and for exploring the potential effects of alternative management actions such as draining or diking.
Coastal Refuges with SLAMM Analyses ( links to SLAMM reports)
Atlantic Coast and Gulf of Mexico - North to South then West |
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National Wildlife Refuge |
FWS Region |
ST |
Year Conducted |
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Moosehorn |
5 |
ME |
2008 |
Petit Manan |
5 |
ME |
2010 |
Rachel Carson |
5 |
ME |
2008 |
Great Bay |
5 |
NH |
2009 |
Parker River |
5 |
MA |
2009 |
Monomoy |
5 |
MA |
2009 |
Mashpee |
5 |
MA |
2009 |
Nantucket |
5 |
MA |
2009 |
Sachuest Point |
5 |
RI |
2009 |
John H. Chafee |
5 |
RI |
2009 |
Trustom Pond |
5 |
RI |
2009 |
Ninigret |
5 |
RI |
2009 |
Nomans Land Island |
5 |
MA |
2009 |
Block Island |
5 |
RI |
2009 |
Stewart B. McKinney |
5 |
CT |
2009 |
Elizabeth A. Morton |
5 |
NY |
2008 |
Amagansett |
5 |
NY |
2009 |
Conscience Point |
5 |
NY |
2009 |
Oyster Bay |
5 |
NY |
2009 |
Target Rock |
5 |
NY |
2009 |
Wertheim |
5 |
NY |
2008 |
Seatuck |
5 |
NY |
2009 |
Lido Beach WMA |
5 |
NY |
2009 |
Edwin B. Forsythe |
5 |
NJ |
2008 |
John Heinz |
5 |
PA |
2009 |
Supawna Meadows |
5 |
NJ |
2009 |
Bombay Hook |
5 |
DE |
2010 |
Cape May |
5 |
NJ |
2011
2009 |
Prime Hook |
5 |
DE |
2009 |
Eastern Neck |
5 |
MD |
2009 |
Blackwater |
5 |
MD |
2009 |
Martin |
5 |
MD |
2009 |
Mason Neck |
5 |
VA |
2010 |
Occoquan Bay |
5 |
VA |
2010 |
Featherstone |
5 |
VA |
2010 |
Chincoteague |
5 |
VA |
2009 |
Rappahanock River Valley |
5 |
VA |
2009 |
Wallops Island |
5 |
VA |
2009 |
Presquile |
5 |
VA |
2009 |
James River |
5 |
VA |
2010 |
Eastern Shore of Virginia |
5 |
VA |
2009 |
Plum Tree Island |
5 |
VA |
2009 |
Fisherman Island |
5 |
VA |
2009 |
Nansemond |
5 |
VA |
2009 |
Back Bay |
5 |
VA |
2011 |
Mackay Island |
4 |
NC |
2010 |
Currituck |
4 |
NC |
2010 |
Alligator River |
4 |
NC |
2008 |
Pea Island |
4 |
NC |
2008 |
Swanquarter |
4 |
NC |
2007 |
Cedar Island |
4 |
NC |
2010 |
Waccamaw |
4 |
SC |
2008 |
Cape Romain |
4 |
SC |
2008 |
ACE Basin |
4 |
SC |
2008 |
Pinckney Island |
4 |
SC |
2008 |
Tybee |
4 |
SC |
2012
2008 |
Savannah |
4 |
GA |
2008 |
Wassaw |
4 |
GA |
2008 |
Harris Neck |
4 |
GA |
2011
2008 |
Blackbeard Island |
4 |
GA |
2012
2008 |
Wolf Island |
4 |
GA |
2012
2008 |
Merritt Island |
4 |
FL |
2011
2008 |
Archie Carr |
4 |
FL |
2010 |
Pelican Island |
4 |
FL |
2010 |
Hobe Sound |
4 |
FL |
2010 |
Crocodile Lake |
4 |
FL |
2010 |
Great White Heron |
4 |
FL |
2011 |
National Key Deer Refuge |
4 |
FL |
2008 |
Key West |
4 |
FL |
2011 |
Ten Thousand Islands |
4 |
FL |
2011 |
J.N. `Ding` Darling |
4 |
FL |
2011 |
Matlacha Pass |
4 |
FL |
2008 |
Pine Island |
4 |
FL |
2011 |
Caloosahatchee |
4 |
FL |
2008 |
Island Bay |
4 |
FL |
2008 |
Passage Key |
4 |
FL |
2008 |
Pinellas |
4 |
FL |
2008 |
Chassahowitzka |
4 |
FL |
2008 |
Crystal River |
4 |
FL |
2008 |
Cedar Keys |
4 |
FL |
2011 |
Lower Suwannee |
4 |
FL |
2011 |
St. Marks |
4 |
FL |
2008 |
St. Vincent |
4 |
FL |
2008 |
Bon Secour |
4 |
AL |
2008 |
Grand Bay |
4 |
MS |
2011 |
Mississippi Sandhill Crane |
4 |
MS |
2012 |
Breton |
4 |
LA |
2011 |
Delta |
4 |
LA |
2011 |
Bayou Sauvage |
4 |
LA |
2008 |
Big Branch Marsh |
4 |
LA |
2012
2008 |
Shell Keys |
4 |
LA |
2008 |
Sabine |
4 |
LA |
2008 |
Texas Point |
2 |
TX |
2011 |
McFaddin |
2 |
TX |
2011 |
Anahuac |
2 |
TX |
2011 |
Moody |
2 |
TX |
2011 |
Brazoria |
2 |
TX |
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San Bernard |
2 |
TX |
2011 |
Big Boggy |
2 |
TX |
2011 |
Aransas |
2 |
TX |
2010 |
Laguna Atascosa |
2 |
TX |
2011 |
Lower Rio Grande Valley |
2 |
TX |
2011 |
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Pacific Coast - South to North |
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Tijuana Slough |
8 |
CA |
2009 |
San Diego Bay - South Bay |
8 |
CA |
2009 |
San Diego Bay – Sweetwater Marsh |
8 |
CA |
2009 |
Seal Beach |
8 |
CA |
2008 |
Guadalupe-Nipomo Dunes |
8 |
CA |
2008 |
Salinas River |
8 |
CA |
2008 |
Don Edwards San Francisco Bay |
8 |
CA |
2010 |
Marin Islands |
8 |
CA |
2010 |
San Pablo Bay |
8 |
CA |
2010 |
Humboldt Bay |
8 |
CA |
2011 |
Bandon Marsh |
1 |
OR |
2010 |
Siletz Bay |
1 |
OR |
2010 |
Nestucca Bay |
1 |
OR |
2010 |
Lewis and Clark |
1 |
WA |
2011 |
Julia Butler Hansen |
1,8 |
OR,WA |
2011 |
Willapa |
1 |
WA |
2010 |
Grays Harbor |
1 |
WA |
2011 |
Dungeness |
1 |
WA |
2010 |
Protection Island |
1 |
WA |
2011 |
Nisqually |
1 |
WA |
2011 |
San Juan Islands |
1 |
WA |
2011 |
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Principle Islands of Hawaii - Southeast to Northwest |
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Kakahai'a |
1 |
HI |
2010 |
Pearl Harbor |
1 |
HI |
2010 |
Huleia |
1 |
HI |
2010 |
Kilauea Point |
1 |
HI |
2010 |
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Pacific Islands - South to North |
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Guam |
1 |
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2010 |
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Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands - Northwest to East to South to West (plus Navassa Island) |
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Culebra |
4 |
PR |
2007 |
Green Cay |
4 |
VI |
2008 |
Sandy Point |
4 |
VI |
2008 |
Vieques |
4 |
PR |
2007 |
Cabo Rojo |
4 |
PR |
2008 |
Click here for SLAMM technical documentation.
For more information, contact:
Brian Czech, Conservation Biologist
U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service
National Wildlife Refuge System
4401 N. Fairfax Drive - MS 670
Arlington, VA 22203
703-358-2485
Brian_Czech@fws.gov |
