Tuberculosis
- Topics
- Basic TB Facts
- Treatment
- Testing & Diagnosis
- TB & HIV Coinfection
- Infection Control & Prevention
- Drug-Resistant TB
- TB in Specific Populations
- African-American Community
- Correctional Facilities
- Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Strengthen TB Information Systems and Program Assessment
- Strengthen TB Environmental Controls and Isolation Practices
- Provide More Comprehensive and Timely Screening and Diagnostic Evaluations
- Develop and Strengthen Contact Investigation Protocols
- Increase HIV Counseling and Testing
- Increase Staff Training
- Strengthen Collaboration Between Health Departments and Jails
- International Travelers
- Pregnancy
- Disaster Responders
- Children
- Vaccines & Immunizations
- Laboratory Information
- Drug Susceptibility Testing
- The Uses of Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests for the Diagnosis of TB
- Rapid Molecular Testing to Detect Drug-Resistant TB in the US
- Executive Summary
- Introduction
- Background on Tests for Molecular Detection of DR
- General Considerations and Principles for a Molecular DR Testing Service�
- Possible Scenarios and Scope of Testing for a Molecular DR Testing Service
- Research Needs
- General Recommendations of the Expert Panel
- Communication Plan for the Report
- Recommendations
- References
- Panel Members and CDC Participants
- Appendix 1
- Appendix 2
- Appendix 3
- Interim Laboratory Biosafety Guidance for XDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains
- Molecular Detection of Drug Resistance (MDDR)
- Research
- TB Epidemiologic Studies Consortium
- Background
- Infrastructure
- Research Projects
- Publications
- Meetings
- Directory
- TBESC Committee Members
- Translating Research into Practice (TRIP)
- Contact TBESC
- Prospective Evaluation of Immunogenetic and Immunologic Markers for Susceptibility to Tuberculosis Infection and Progression from M. Tuberculosisinfection to active TB
- Zero Tolerance for Pediatric TB
- Models for Incorporating HIV Counseling, Testing, and Referral into Tuberculosis Contact Investigations
- Prevalence of Latent TB Infection Among High Risk Populations in the United States
- Regional Capacity-Building in Low-Incidence Areas
- Use of Network Analysis Methods to Characterize M. tuberculosis Transmission Patterns Among Women and Other High-Risk Populations
- An Analysis of Molecular Epidemiology of Multi-Drug Resistant M. tuberculosisin the United States
- Missed Opportunities for TB Prevention in Foreign-Born Population in the United States and Canada
- New Model for Assessing TB Surveillance and Action Performance and Cost
- Addressing TB Among African Americans in the Southeast: Identifying and Overcoming Barriers to Treatment Adherence for Latent TB Infection and TB Disease
- Assessing the TB Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Practices Among Private Providers Serving Foreign-born Populations at Risk for TB
- Factors Associated with Acceptance of, Adherence to and Toxicity From Treatment for Latent TB Infection and Pilot Study of Treatment for Latent TB Infection Effectiveness
- Culturally Appropriate TB Educational Materials for Leaders and Staff of Hispanic Service Organizations
- Enhancing TB Programs� Capacity for Self-Evaluation: Testing New Tools and Developing an Evaluation Toolkit
- African Refugee Women�s Health Improvement Project
- Evaluation of the TK Medium: A New Rapid Solid Culture System for Tuberculosis
- Evaluation of New Interferon-y Release Assays in the Diagnosis of Latent TB Infection in Health Care Workers
- Request for Proposal
- TB Trials Consortium
- Behavioral & Social Science Research
- TB Epidemiologic Studies Consortium
- Data & Statistics
- Education & Training
- Resources for TB Programs
- Publications & Products
- Fact Sheets
- General
- Fact sheets - Spanish
- TB - General Information
- The Difference Between Latent TB Infection and Active TB Disease
- Diferencia entre la infección de tuberculosis latente y enfermedad de tuberculosis activa
- A Global Perspective on TB
- Tuberculosis Information for Employers in Non-Healthcare Settings
- Bovine Tuberculosis in Humans
- Tuberculosis Information for International Travelers
- TB Can Be Treated
- Exposure to TB
- TB and HIV/AIDS
- You Can Prevent TB
- Testing for TB
- Tuberculosis: informaci�n general
- Diferencia entre la infecci�n de tuberculosis latente y enfermedad de tuberculosis activa
- Informaci�n sobre la tuberculosis para los viajeros internacionales
- Exposición a la tuberculosis
- Usted puede prevenir la tuberculosis
- La tuberculosis puede ser tratada
- Tuberculosis y VIH/SIDA
- Usted puede prevenir la tuberculosis
- Pruebas para detectar la tuberculosis
- Data & Statistics
- A Global Perspective on TB
- Trends in Tuberculosis – United States
- The Revised Report of Verified Case of Tuberculosis
- The National Tuberculosis Indicators Project (NTIP)
- National Tuberculosis Indicators Project (NTIP): Frequently Asked Questions
- TB Genotyping
- TB Genotyping Information Management System (TB GIMS)
- Drug-Resistant TB
- Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR TB)
- Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (XDR TB)
- CDC’s Role in Preventing Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (XDR TB)
- Tuberculosis multirresistente (MDR)
- Tuberculosis extremadamente resistente (XDR)
- El papel de los CDC en la prevenci�n de la tuberculosis extremadamente resistente (XDR)
- Infection Control & Prevention
- TB in Specific Populations
- Tuberculosis Information for Employers in Non-Healthcare Settings
- Tuberculosis in Minorities
- Tuberculosis Information for International Travelers
- TB and HIV/AIDS
- Recommendations for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Screening in Tuberculosis (TB) Clinics
- Treatment of Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis Disease in HIV-Infected Persons
- Tuberculosis in Blacks
- Tuberculosis and Pregnancy
- Tuberculosis y embarazo
- Treatment
- TB Can Be Treated
- Treatment of Latent TB Infection
- Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Maximizing Adherence
- Treatment Options for Latent Tuberculosis Infection
- Treatment of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
- Treatment of Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis Disease in Persons Not Infected with HIV
- Treatment of Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis Disease in HIV-Infected Persons
- Tratamiento de la infecci�n de tuberculosis latente
- Testing & Diagnosis
- TB Can Be Treated
- Testing for TB
- Recommendations for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Screening in Tuberculosis (TB) Clinics
- Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs)
- Tuberculin Skin Testing
- Diagnosis of Tuberculosis Disease
- Targeted Tuberculin Testing and Interpreting Tuberculin Skin Test Results
- Prueba cutánea de la tuberculina
- Diagnóstico de la tuberculosis activa
- Vaccines & Immunizations
- General
- Guidelines
- Guides & Toolkits
- Core Curriculum
- Self-Study Modules
- Report of Verified Case of Tuberculosis (RVCT)
- Forging Partnerships to Eliminate TB
- Understanding the TB Cohort Review Process
- Latent Tuberculosis Infection: A Guide for Primary Health Care Providers
- Effective TB Interviewing for Contact Investigation
- Mantoux Tuberculin Skin Testing Products
- Ethnographic Guides
- Newsletters
- Pamphlets, Brochures, Booklets
- Posters
- Mantoux Tuberculin Skin Test Wall Chart
- World TB Day
- Afiches
- 2011 Poster (English)
- 2011 Poster (Spanish)
- 2010 Poster (English)
- 2010 Poster (Spanish)
- 2008 Poster (English)
- 2008 Poster (Spanish)
- 2006 Poster (English)
- 2004 Poster (English)
- 2004 Poster (Spanish)
- 2003 Poster (English)
- 2003 Poster (Spanish)
- 2003 Now is the Time Poster (English)
- 2003 Now is the Time Poster (Spanish)
- Think TB
- Stop TB
- Reports & Articles
- Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports (MMWRs)
- Contact Investigations
- Control and Elimination
- Data & Statistics
- Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
- Infection Control & Prevention
- Laboratory
- TB in Specific Populations
- Foreign-Born
- High-Risk Settings
- Homeless
- International
- Occupational Groups
- Travel
- TB & HIV
- Testing & Diagnosis
- Treatment
- LTBI Updates
- Vaccines & Immunizations
- World TB Day
- DTBE Authored Journal Articles
- Tuberculosis Laboratory Aggregate Reports
- Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports (MMWRs)
- Slide Sets
- Core Curriculum
- Self-Study Modules
- Prevention and Control of Tuberculosis in Correctional and Detention Facilities
- Guidelines for Preventing the Transmission of M. TB in Health care Settings
- Investigation of Contacts of Persons with Infectious TB
- Text-Only version
- Introduction
- Decisions to Initiate a Contact Investigation
- Investigating the Index Patient and Sites of Transmission
- Assigning Priorities to Contacts
- Diagnostic and Public Health Evaluation of Contacts
- Medical Treatment for Contacts with LTBI
- When to Expand a Contact Investigation
- Communicating Through the News Media
- Data Management and Evaluation of Contact Investigations
- Confidentiality and Consent in Contact Investigations
- Staff Training for Contact Investigations
- Contact Investigations in Special Circumstances
- Source-Case Investigations
- Cultural Competency and Social Network Analysis
- Resources
- Epidemiology of Pediatric Tuberculosis in the United States
- Text-Only version
- Introduction
- Pediatric TB Cases by Age and Race
- Pediatric TB Cases by Origin of Birth
- Pediatric Cases, Percentages and Rates by States
- Pediatric TB Cases by Case Verification Criterion and Site of Disease
- Pediatric TB Cases in Specific Groups
- Pediatric TB Cases Case Completion
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
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- Slide 5
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- Slide 7
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- Slide 10
- Slide 11
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- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Treatment of TB
- Targeted Tuberculosis Testing and Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection
- CD Roms
- Electronic Tools & Resources
- Web-Based Courses & Webinars
- Fact Sheets
- Global TB
- Events
- Links
- About Us
- Mission Statement and Activities
- Organization Chart
- Advisory Groups
- Federal TB Task Force
- Table of Contents
- Executive Summary
- Introduction
- Chronology in the Development of This Report
- Strategies for Maintaining Control of TB
- Strategies for Accelerating the Decline of TB
- Activities for Developing New Tools
- Global U.S. Actions
- Assessing the Impact of Actions Taken
- Federal TB Task Force Members and Others Involved in the Development of This Report
- Glossary
- References
- Federal TB Task Force Roster
- Table of Contents
- Executive Summary
- Introduction
- How to Eliminate TB? – The IOM Report
- Why Eliminate TB? – Rationale for Elimination
- Who Will Lead? – CDC's Response
- Goal I: Maintain control of TB
- Goal II: Accelerate the decline
- Goal III: Create new tools
- Goal IV: Reduce the global burden of TB
- Goal V: Summon and sustain support
- Goal VI: Track progress
- References
- Federal TB Task Force
- Funding
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DTBE in Russia
Capital City: Moscow
Area*:17 million sq. km. (6.5 million sq. mi.)
Population (est.), 2011*: 142.9 million
Estimated TB Incidence, 2010**: 106/100,000
Estimated TB Prevalence, 2010**: 136/100,000
Adult HIV Prevalence Rate, 2009***: 1.0%
Number of people living with HIV (PLHIV), 2009***:980,000
Percent of tested TB patients who were HIV+, 2010**: 5%
*Source: www.state.gov
**Source: WHO Global TB Control Report 2011
***Source: UNAIDS, Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, 2010
Background
Since 1999, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Division of Tuberculosis Elimination (CDC/DTBE) and World Health Organization (WHO) have collaborated on implementing directly observed therapy (DOT) and multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB) treatment pilot projects in four Russian territories: Orel, Ivanovo, Vladimir, and Chuvashia. CDC/DTBE expanded its technical assistance to provide support to the International Federation of the Red Cross (IFRC), Russian Red Cross, and four additional territories in 2004. Technical support also focused on addressing TB prevention and control in people infected with HIV and HIV infection among TB patients. CDC/DTBE technical assistance to Russian national partners has included revising current TB control policies, conducting programmatic and clinical research to determine optimal strategies for MDR TB control, strengthening laboratory capacity and staff technical skills, and developing infection control (IC) plans and renovation recommendations. The overall goal of CDC/DTBE’s work in Russia is to develop sustainable capacity, prioritizing TB treatment and care, laboratory diagnosis of TB and MDR TB, implementation of IC measures, and conducting sound, relevant epidemiologic research.
Recent Accomplishments & Ongoing Collaborations
Program Strengthening and Epidemiology
Ongoing IC Training and the Center of Excellence in TB Infection Control: Since 2001, CDC/DTBE has conducted IC trainings in multiple Russian territories, including Orel, Ivanovo, Vladimir, Chuvashia, Tomsk, Khakassia, Kaliningrad, and Murmansk. The trainings cover administrative and environmental controls, safe sputum collection, retrofitting ventilation systems and ultraviolet lights, and the use of personal respirators. The trainees engage in practical exercises at local TB dispensaries and health clinics. In October 2008, the Vladimir TB Dispensary established the Center of Excellence in TB Infection Control in partnership with the US Agency for International Development (USAID), CDC/DTBE, the Central Tuberculosis Research Institute (CTRI–Moscow), WHO, and the Vladimir Oblast Administration. The Center is involved in monitoring and implementing infection control measures and serves as a training hub for Russia and other Russian-speaking countries.
Laboratory Strengthening: CDC/DTBE has strengthened the laboratories in Vladimir and Orel by purchasing equipment and information systems, updating biosafety procedures, training laboratory scientists, and assessing quality control measures. With CDC/DTBE support, Orel’s laboratory is functioning as a Center of Expertise in laboratory diagnosis of drug-resistant TB (DR TB).
GeneXpert MTB/RIF: One of the main priorities in the next few years will be to support implementation, evaluation, and assessment of strategies to optimize case detection and diagnosis of drug resistance based on rapid, molecular diagnostic technologies (GeneXpert MTB/RIF). A study currently underway in Russia will implement and validate GeneXpert™ MTB/RIF for MDR detection, and confirm the performance of this test against routine conventional methods in three laboratories in Russia.
Capacity building: CDC/DTBE is helping develop additional centers of excellence for microbiology training and clinical and programmatic management of MDR-TB in Orel and Vladimir. These platforms will provide the human resources, skills, and information technology capacity required to conduct randomized controlled trials of new TB drugs and treatment regimens.
Multidrug-Resistant TB (MDR TB), TB/HIV, and Other At-Risk Populations
Preserving Effective TB Treatment Study (PETTS): In collaboration with the Ministry of Health (MOH) and local partners in nine countries (including the Russian Federation), CDC/DTBE spearheaded the Preserving Effective TB Treatment Study (PETTS). PETTS, a large multi-year, multi-country study compared programs approved by the Green Light Committee (GLC) to programs that were not GLC approved; this was done to determine the incidence and consequences of acquired resistance to second-line drugs (SLD) among MDR TB patients. Preliminary results suggest that acquired resistance to these drugs was lower in GLC approved programs. GLC approved projects also demonstrated higher cure rates, lower mortality, and lower treatment failure rates when compared with non-GLC approved projects. PETTS has informed the new framework for WHO and international partners that support countries in achieving universal access to the diagnosis, treatment, and care of MDR TB.
Supporting Management of MDR TB: CDC/DTBE has supported a number of activities designed to strengthen ability to diagnose and manage MDR TB and to guard against service disruption. A few of these activities have been to support access to second-line drugs through the WHO Green Light Committee, conduct programmatic evaluations of new diagnostics to determine performance and cost, and developed and evaluated models for MDR TB management for use nation-wide. CDC/DTBE is also supporting an evaluation of the treatment outcomes of the first group of patients in Russia to complete therapy on the internationally recommended strategy for treating MDR TB patients, Directly Observed Therapy Short-course (DOTS) Plus (second-line treatment).
Contact Us:
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Division of Tuberculosis Elimination (DTBE)
1600 Clifton Rd., NE
MS E10
Atlanta, GA 30333 - 800-CDC-INFO
(800-232-4636)
TTY: (888) 232-6348 - New Hours of Operation
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Closed Holidays - cdcinfo@cdc.gov