Financing Small Business Enterprises: Sources of Information
A
Business Brief Compiled by: Angela Wilson, Carolyn Larson, Shari Jacobson
Business Reference Services, Humanities and Social Sciences Division
Library of Congress, Washington 1994
Contents
SCOPE OF THIS GUIDE
This publication is intended as a guide to representative sources of
information on obtaining funding for the newly formed or expanding small
business. As such the focus has been on sources that will be of immediate,
practical use to the practitioner rather than on sources intended for
the scholarly study of small
business.
LCSH SUBJECT HEADINGS
Small business--finance
Home-based businesses
New business enterprises--finance
Family corporations--management
Self-employed
Minority business enterprises--finance
Venture capital
Small business investment companies
Business incubators
Entrepreneurs Federal aid to minority business enterprises Federal aid to women-owned
business enterprises -- Search Also under specific groups or industries such
as: -- Indians of North America--business enterprises -- Mexican American business
enterprises -- Afro American business enterprises -- Women-owned business enterprises
-- Handicapped-owned business enterprises -- Student-owned business enterprises
-- Retirees--employment
-- Minority-owned architectural firms
INTRODUCTION
Small business and entrepreneurship form an integral part of a healthy national
economy. In recent years various factors, such as the impact of privatization
and specialization in industry and corporate restructuring and downsizing as
influenced by new
management theories such as Thomas Peters'"Liberation Management: Necessary Disorganization
for the Nanosecond Nineties" (New York, A.A. Knopf, 1992), have combined to encourage
the emergence of more small and medium-sized companies. At the same time new
opportunities for such companies are seen in the wooing of small business into
exporting and international trade, and the creative efforts of major corporations
in the area of business community development. The valuable contributions of
such small businesses are widely recognized by all sectors of society, as can
be seen by the many efforts to aid small businesses taking place at the federal,
state, and local level. Such efforts range from new rulings of the Securities
and Exchange Commission simplifying its filing requirements for small businesses
making stock offerings to the public to a revamping of business school curriculums
to
include the study of small business entrepreneurship.
Yet, in spite of this increased awareness, recent news coverage, while acknowledging
a current economic climate of low interest rates and available money supply,
indicates that access to capital continues to be the most difficult challenge
for small business owners. Recent newspaper articles point to several reasons
why even under optimal conditions, entrepreneurs are still not successful at
getting financing: banks, by the very nature of their business, are resistant
to the high-risk loans which many small businesses represent; potential entrepreneurs
may lack the business savvy to articulate what they need in business terminology;
and such inexperienced business persons may also fail to present a well-thought
out long-range alternative plan to cover emergencies and other contingencies.
Factors such as these all contribute to the decision of a would-be financing
source not to commit money to a particular business.
To help small business owners meet these challenges, the Library of Congress
Business Research Center, with the generous assistance of the Lowe Foundation,
has prepared this BusinessBrief on financing small business enterprises. Planned
as the first of a series of BusinessBriefs targeted to the entrepreneur, this
brief is intended as a guide to representative sources of information on obtaining
funding for both the newly formed and the expanding small business. As such,
the focus has been on recently published books and current journal articles
that will be of immediate, practical use to the practitioner.
While this brief is intended to provide accurate information regarding sources
of information about obtaining financing for small business, it is not intended
as a substitute for professional legal, accounting, or other services, and
users of this list are encouraged to obtain the services of competent professionals
in these fields as needed.
A variety of sources is included in this BusinessBrief. In some cases, financing
is the topic of entire books, while in others only certain chapters or sections,
which have been noted, are devoted to the topic. The audiences to whom these
volumes are addressed likewise vary. For example, the business person considering
a start-up is the focus of a number of these titles including Timmons' "Planning
and Financing the New Venture", Berle's "Raising Start-Up Capital for Your
Company", and Lindsey's "Start-Up Money: Raise What You Need for Your Small
Business", which is specifically addressed to business persons seeking to borrow
less than $100,000. At the other end of the scale is "The Ernst & Young Guide
to Raising Capital", which covers in detail the problems and capital requirements
of companies moving out of the start-up phase and considering various options
for expansion, while Blechman and Levinson address "Guerrilla Financing" to
any new or established small business seeking $1 million or less.
These publications outline an array of sources for financing available to
the small business person. A number of the publications included on this list
are useful starting points for anyone looking for an overall picture of the
traditional sources of small business funding--such as family, friends, personal
funds, banks, and venture capitalists. These discussions of the major features
of debt and equity financing, or some combination of the two, range from brief
overviews such as the two page pamphlet "How To Raise Money for a Small Business," (FF1)
issued by the Small Business Administration to extended discussions such as
those in Timmons' volume "Planning and Financing the New Venture" or Berle's "Raising
Start-Up Capital for Your Company". In the section on "Avoiding Scams" a number
of titles such as Graham Mott's "How To Recognize and Avoid Scams, Swindles,
and Ripoffs" and M. Allen Henderson's "Rip-offs and Swindles: Money for Nothing",
outline financing schemes which the small businessman would do well to recognize
and avoid.
Reflecting the economic realities of the 1990s, many recent books and articles
note the growing difficulties which small businesses face in obtaining traditional
bank and equity financing and include financing strategies variously described
as "atypical," "alternative," "avant guarde," or "creative." Some of these
have combined important elements from traditional methods with alternative
methods to form a synergistic approach to acquiring start-up capital. Examples
include networking by banks at community and business association meetings,
micro-loan programs which are mostly offered to low-income borrowers and usually
require little or no collateral, and mentor-protege programs by major corporations
that provide technical assistance for small business. Also discussed in current
news articles are "temporary co-ownership" programs sponsored by corporations
that provide funding needed to open up "outlets" for the corporation, thereby
promoting community business development, often with options for the entrepreneurs
to begin buying back the stock as soon as the business becomes profitable.
Other creative sources for funds mentioned are lotteries and contests designed
by enterprising individuals to raise money for their businesses. In addition,
there are grants and loans available from various nonprofit and government
sources as described in some detail by Blum in "Free Money for Small Businesses
and Entrepreneurs". Such funds are often restricted to specific areas of need
in a state such as disaster relief or to specific groups needing assistance,
such as the elderly. Finally, mention is made of various "guerilla-type" financing
methods such as the use of one's personal credit cards as sources of funds.
"The Ernst and Young Guide to Raising Capital", with chapters on going public,
exempt offerings of securities, venture capital, joint ventures and licensing,
leasing, government loans and grants, divestitures, special techniques for
financing research and development, cash management, management buyouts, employee
stock options, franchising, and tax planning, provides an overview of current
trends in small business financing. Several other titles in this BusinessBrief
focus almost exclusively on alternative financing strategies. These include
Tuller's "When the Bank Says No! Creative Financing for Closely Held Business",
Lindsey's "The Entrepreneur's Guide to...Capital: Over 150 Proven Ways to Finance
New and Growing Businesses" and Blechman and Levinson's "Guerrilla Financing".
Tuller looks, as his title promises, at a variety of ways to raise capital
that do not involve incurring debt through a commercial bank loan. Lindsey's
volume, directed to executives of companies with annual revenues of under $25
million, includes discussions of incubators, going public overseas, factoring,
bartering, and commercial paper, and various stock options. Blechman and Levinson
in "Guerrilla Financing" place a strong emphasis on "partnering" or finding
an "angel" who is interested in investing in particular types of businesses.
These authors also briefly describe 101 nontraditional financing techniques.
Techniques especially useful for rescuing the troubled company form the basis
for Woeltjen's book "Surviving the Credit Crunch of the '90's; Rescuing Your
Small Business from Meltdown and Making It a Success". To illustrate his points,
Woeltjen follows the actions of the executive of a hypothetical company as
he moves his firm from near insolvency to financial success. Woeltjen leads
his fictitious executive through emergency measures to regain cash control
while he buys time to do a thorough analysis of what went wrong, followed by
financial planning for the future utilizing a variety of techniques similar
to those mentioned above. Another title covering similar ground is Silver's "The
Turnaround Survival Guide: Strategies for the Company in Crisis".
In addition to creative financing techniques, several other trends can be
seen in these publications. One is the number of titles addressed to specific
groups of individuals such as retirees, women, or members of various ethnic
groups, who may seek to satisfy a life-long dream by becoming entrepreneurs.
Essays which speak directly to the special problems and opportunities of particular
groups include the chapter on "Special Groups" in Klein's "Handbook on Building
a Profitable Business", articles such as Sharon Nelton's "On the Horizon: More
Investment in Women," and Gustav Berle's book, "Retiring to Your Own Business:
How You Can Launch a Satisfying, Productive, and Prosperous Second Career".
Another trend seen in a number of these publications--discussions of offshore,
or foreign, sources of financing for the American entrepreneur--reflects the
increasing globalization of the American economy. Lindsey, for example, in "The
Entrepreneur's Guide to--Capital" discusses offshore financing sources involving
licensing, venture capital, partnerships and going public in overseas contexts.
A number of other titles in the section on "Export Financing" in the BusinessBrief
are devoted exclusively to this topic.
Also well represented in these volumes is information on government programs
available to small businesses. In addition to the titles devoted entirely to
this topic which are listed under the sections on "State Funding" and "Federal
Funding/Programs" of this brief, the "Small Business Sourcebook: the Entrepreneur's
Resource", contains extensive listings of federal and state programs available
to assist the small business person.
The U. S. Small Business Administration (SBA) is the primary source within
the federal government for financial assistance to small business. The agency
administers a loan guarantee program for those small businesses meeting its
criteria and has a number of other programs available for veterans, handicapped
persons, minorities, and disaster victims. The SBA maintains an 800 number,
the SBA Hotline, which responds to approximately 250,000 calls per year from
business persons around the country, (see Gustav Berle's "SBA Hotline Answer
Book" (New York, Wiley, 1992) and issues numerous publications of interest
to small business. In cooperation with the states, the SBA also helps fund
Small Business Development Centers (SBDC's), located in each state, to provide
direct assistance to entrepreneurs. The SBA also sponsors the Service Corps
of Retired Executives (SCORE), a national organization of retired executives
who volunteer their time to counsel small business persons.
In addition to the SBA, other government agencies also administer specific
grant or loan programs of interest to the entrepreneur seeking funding. Detailed
information on these programs can be found in the "Catalog of Federal Domestic
Assistance" published by the U.S. Office of Management and the Budget. A number
of the titles included under the section Federal Funding/Programs in this BusinessBrief
identify and discuss some of the governmental programs of greatest interest
to the small business person. Laurie Blum, in "Free Money for Small Businesses
and Entrepreneurs", includes the number of each program from the "Catalog of
Federal Domestic Assistance" for easy reference should additional information
about any program be sought.
Many other programs, such as those sponsored by colleges and many trade associations,
are also available to assist new business enterprises. Additional information
can be found in numerous books, magazines, audiovisuals, and other non-print
items that have been produced by these organizations as well as by individual
business executives and entrepreneurs. An extensive listing of such sources
can be found in the "Small Business Sourcebook: the Entrepreneur's Resource".
Regardless of the specific financing techniques discussed, certain themes
are repeated throughout many of the publications listed in this brief. Chief
among these is the emphasis on the importance of self-assessment in determining
what it takes to be an entrepreneur coupled with admonitions to those seeking
financing to expect rejection before finally winning approval of their financing
proposals. These sources are in general agreement that entrepreneurs need to
start their search for financing with a close examination of themselves and
their own companies or proposed businesses. To this end, there are frequent
discussions of the importance of developing business and/or finance plans,
of placing one's existing business in the best financial position possible
by effecting economies in the day-to-day operations of the company, and of
obtaining competent legal and financial counsel. Likewise stress is placed
on the importance of comparing one's business or potential business to industry
standards for the same or a related industry or to a public company in the
field which has disclosed financial information.
Along with the importance of analyzing one's own business is the importance
of analyzing one's requests for financing from the point of view of the potential
funding source. Tuller, in "When the Bank Says No! Creative Financing for Closely
Held Business", urges the entrepreneur to learn the language of finance and
devotes a chapter to the topic. He and Lindsey, in "Start-Up Money: Raise What
You Need for Your Small Business", along with others, address the purpose for
which the loan is intended and discuss types of financing sources most suited
for those purposes. Several volumes, including "Lending to Different Industries:
Practical Articles on Making Loans to Selected Industries and Businesses--a
Collection Taken from the Journal of Commercial Bank Lending" and "Credit Considerations:
Financial and Credit Characteristics of Selected Industries," discuss loan
criteria by industry from the point of view of the lender.
Many of the sources included in this Business Brief contain examples of forms
required for IRS, SBA and other organizations, sample business loan applications
and proposals, various checklists for buying or starting a business or franchise,
worksheets for calculating your own resources, and numerous charts, tables,
and glossaries that may be useful to the business person moving through the
various levels in the financing process. To cite just a few examples, Schilit,
in "The Entrepreneur's Guide To Preparing a Winning Business Plan" and "Raising
Venture Capital", includes extensive worksheets for developing a business plan;
Timmons, in "Planning and Financing the New Venture", includes appendices on "Business
Plan Guide," as well as an "Outline of an Investment Agreement," "Sample Terms
Sheet," and "Sample Vesting and Stock Restriction Agreement." Blum, in the
introduction to "Free Money for Small Businesses and Entrepreneurs", includes
sample grant proposals for profit and nonprofit organizations, while Woeltjen
provides a "Sample Offering Memorandum for New Stock Issues to the Public." A
few titles, such as Fred Fry's "Entrepreneurship: a Planning Approach" and
Arthur H. Kuriloff's "How To Start Your Own Business- and Succeed", include
software to assist in preparing a financial plan for the business.
As these sources make plain, acquiring seed money and initial capital for
start-up is likely to be only the beginning of an on- going process of financing
one's business; the need to acquire financing becomes especially critical for
the survival of existing and growing companies as they move beyond seed money
and start-up, and seek other types of financing such as second round, mezzanine,
and initial public offerings. Moreover, while some businesses may go through
only one or two phases in their search for financing, others may go through
all phases of the process more than once as the company grows.
Finally, because there is no magic formula, method, or program that will
automatically secure financing for a new or growing company, The process of
seeking funding can be challenging and sometimes frustrating. It can also be
exciting and rewarding. Choosing the appropriate methodology for gaining financial
backing, utilizing the best information gained from research, and developing
well thought-out business and contingency plans are the best strategies to
facilitate the successful acquisition of funds.
GENERAL GUIDES TO STARTING A SMALL BUSINESS WHICH INCLUDE SECTIONS ON FINANCING
OR EXPANDING SMALL BUSINESSES
Applegate, Jane. Succeeding in Small Business: the 101 Toughest
Problems and How To Solve Them. New York: Plume, 1992.
pp. 69-97. HF5386.A626 1992
91-39508
Berle, Gustav. Planning and Forming Your Company. New York:
Wiley, 1990.
pp. 19-55; Appendix I-II.
HD62.5.B4815 1990
89-22430
Clark, Scott A. Beating the Odds: 10 Smart Steps to Small
Business Success. New York: AMACOM c1991.
pp. 1-205.
HD62.5.C59 1991
90-56187
Cohen, William A. The Entrepreneur and Small Business Problem
Solver: an Encyclopedic Reference and Guide 2nd ed. New York:
Wiley, c1990.
pp. 28-66, 90-103, Appendix II-VII
HD62.7.C63 1990 SSRR B&E
89-32064
Eyler, David R. Starting and Operating a Home-Based Business.
New York: Wiley, 1990.
pp. 209-213, 227-231.
HD62.5.E95 1990
89-36240
Fallek, Max. How To Set Up Your Own Small Business. Minneapolis,
MN: American Institute of Small Business. c1991.
Vol. 1, section 5-1.
HD62.7.F35 1991
89-84218
Fry, Fred L. Entrepreneurship: a Planning Approach.
Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN: West Pub. Co., 1993.
Parts 5-7.
Includes 1 computer disk (3 1/2 inch) System requirements: IBM PC
or compatible; 512K MS-DOS)
HD62.5.F79 1993 MRCRR
92-26326
Jacobson, Ruth. Your Own Shop: How To Open and Operate a
Successful Retail Business. Blue Ridge Summit, PA: Liberty Hall
Press, c1991.
pp. 10-17, 168-176.
HD62.5.J33 1990 SSRR B&E
90-40307
Klein, Fred. Building a Profitable Business. Seattle, WA:
Entrepreneurial Workshops Publications, c1990.
pp. 3-1 - 3-20; 4-1 - 4-57; 5-1 - 5-41.
MLCM 93/03015 (H)
89-83407
Kuriloff, Arthur H. How To Start Your Own Business--and Succeed.
2nd ed. New York: McGraw Hill, 1993.
Chapters 10, 11, 14, 15 and Appendix A.
Includes 1 computer disk (5 1/4 inch)
HD62.5.K86 1993 MRCRR
92-25288
Luther, William M. The Start-Up Business Plan. New York: Prentice
Hall, 1991.
pp. 189-202, Appendix.
HD62.7.L88 1991
91-25659
Maul, Lyle R. The Entrepreneur's Road Map to Business Success, by
Lyle Maul and Dianne Craig Mayfield, rev. ed. Alexandria, VA:
Saxtons River Publications, 1992.
pp. 127-177.
HD62.5.M37 1992 SSRR B&E
92-50275
McLaughlin, Harold J. The Entrepreneur's Guide To Building a
Better Business Plan: A Step-by-Step Approach. New York: Wiley,
1992.
pp. 207-220.
HD30.28.M3853 1992
91-34353
Merrill, Ronald E. The New Venture Handbook, by Ronald E. Merrill
and Henry D. Sedgwick. New York: Amacom, 1993.
pp. 207-227; 259-286.
HD62.5.M46 1993
92-27378
Schmoke, L. Joseph. Vital Business Secrets for New and Growing
Companies, by L. Joseph Schmoke and Richard R. Allen. Homewood,
IL: Dow Jones-Irwin, 1989.
pp. 120-161.
HD62.5.S353 1989
88-21762
Timmons, Jeffry A. New Venture Creation: Entrepreneurship in the
1990's. 3rd ed. Homewood, IL: Irwin, 1990.
pp. 399-489.
HD62.5.T55
89-37898
Vesper, Karl H. New Venture Mechanics. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:
Prentice Hall, 1993.
pp. 137-205; pp 310-[362].
HD62.5.V46 1993
91-43340
SOURCES GIVING AN OVERVIEW OF SOURCES OF FINANCING
FOR NEW OR EXPANDING BUSINESSES
Alarid, William. Money Sources for Small Business: How You Can
Find Private, State, Federal, and Corporate Financing. Santa
Maria, CA: Puma Publishing Co., 1990. 222p.
HG4027.7.A43 SSRR B&E
90-45299
Blechman, Bruce. Guerrilla Financing: Alternative Techniques to
Finance any Small Business, by Bruce Blechman and Jay Conrad
Levinson. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1991. 343p.
HG4027.7.B55 1991
90-24203
Berle, Gustav. Raising Start-Up Capital for Your Company. New
York: Wiley, c1990. 244p.
HG4027.6.B47 1990
89-22509
Garner, Daniel R. The Ernst & Young Guide to Raising Capital, by
Daniel R. Garner, Robert R. Owen, and Robert P. Conway. New York:
Wiley, 1991. 355p.
HG4061.G37 1991
90-43834
Heath, Gibson. Funding Options for Small Business. Denver, CO:
DBA/USA Press, 1990. 112p.
HG4027.7.H42 1990
90-81933
Lindsey, Jennifer. The Entrepreneur's Guide to--Capital: over 150
proven ways to finance new and growing businesses, rev. ed.
Chicago, IL: Probus Publishing Co., c1990.
pp. 13-34; 47-70; 77-136.
HG4061.L52 1990
89-70265
Lindsey, Jennifer. Start-Up Money: Raise What You Need for Your
Small Business. New York: Wiley, c1989. 247p.
HG4027.7. L56 1989
88-32626
Mathewson, G. Bradley,Asking For Money: The Entrepreneur's Guide
to the Financing Process. Orlando, FL.: Financial Systems
Associates. 1989. 261p.
HG4027.6.M38 1989
89-80878
Raising Money for Your Small Business. Dallas/Fort Worth, TX:
National Association for the Self-Employed. 1989. 45p.
HG4027.7.R35 1989
90-225246
Seglin, Jeffrey L. Financing Your Small Business. New York:
McGraw Hill, 1992. 258p.
HG4027.7.S44 1990
90-30383
Silver, A. David. The Turnaround Survival Guide: Strategies for
the Company in Crisis. Chicago: Dearborn Financial Pub., 1992.
339p.
HD58.8.S55 1992
91-44496
Timmons, Jeffry A. Planning and Financing the New Venture. Acton,
MA: Brick House Publishing Co., Inc. 1990. 188p.
HD62.5.T56 1990
89-22115
Tuller, Lawrence W. Financing the Small Business. New York:
Prentice Hall Press, 1991. 280p.
HG4027.7.T85 1991
91-3166
Tuller, Lawrence W. When the Bank Says No! Creative Financing for
Closely Held Business. Blue Ridge Summit, PA: Liberty Hall Press,
1991. 306p.
HG4027.3.T85 1991
90-24558
Woeltjen, Lance H. Surviving the Credit Crunch of the '90's":
Rescuing Your Small Business from Meltdown and Making It a
Success. Radnor, PA: Chilton Book Co., c1991. pp. 85-131.
HG4027.7.W64 1990
90-55319
SOURCES DISCUSSING SPECIFIC TYPES OF FUNDING
Federal Funding/Programs
Alarid, William M. Free Help from Uncle Sam to Start Your Own
Business (or Expand the One You Have), by William Alarid and
Gustav Berle. 3rd ed. Santa Maria, CA: Puma Pub. Co., c1992.
pp. 93-131; 134-140; Appendix 8.
HD2346.U5A63 1992 SSRR B&E
91-34319
Blum, Laurie. Free Money for Small Businesses and Entrepreneurs.
3rd ed. New York: J. Wiley & Sons, c1992. 293p.
HG4027.7.B58 1992 SSRR B&E
92-19847
Chelekis, George C. The Action Guide to Government Grants, Loans,
and Giveaways. New York: Perigee Books, c1993. 510p.
HG177.5.U6 C438 1993
92-38818
O'Hara, Patrick. SBA Loans: A Step by Step Guide. New York:
Wiley, c1989. 230p.
HG4027.7.O43 1989 SSRR B&E
88-36676
SBA Lending Made Easy. Washington, DC: American Bankers
Association, c1990.
pp. 19-38.
HG4027.7.S28 1990 SSRR B&E
91-101176
Strong, George F. Getting the Government To Pay for Your New
Business. San Diego, CA: National Publications, c1990. 404p.
HG4027.7.S86 1990 SSRR B&E
90-6408
Exporter's Guide to Federal Resources for Small Business. 3rd
rev. ed. Washington: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office
of International Trade. U.S. G.P.O. 1992. 122p.
HF1455.E935 1991
91-37967
Also on NTDB (National Trade Data Bank) CD-ROM in SSRR B&E and
N&CPRR.
State Funding
Bendah, David. Cashing In on Free State Government Money. San
Diego, CA: Lion, c1989. 209p.
HG4027.7.B473 1990
89-13690
Small Business Sourcebook: the Entrepreneur's Resource, ed. Carol
A. Schwartz. Detroit: Gale Research Inc., 1993. 2 v.
HD2346.U5S66 SSRR B&E
85-644758
Volume 2 of this publication contains a section, "State
Listings," which gives on a state-by-state basis information on
various types of assistance to small businesses including
financing and loan programs, minority business assistance
programs, incubators, and legislative assistance.
Starting and Operating a Business in [name of state], by Michael
D. Jenkins...[et al.] Sunnyvale, CA: Oasis Press. c1980-
KF1659.Z95S7 1980 LAW
80-83053
Bank Loans
Antonini, Orlando J. Getting a Business Loan: Your Step-by-Step
Guide. Menlo Park, CA: Crisp Publications, 1993. 196p.
HG1642.U5A68 1993
92-54353
Boothe, Ben B. A Banker Tells You How To Borrow All the Money
You'll Ever Need. Chicago, IL: Contemporary Books, 1992. 298p.
HG1642.U5B66 1992
92-11227
Goldstein, Arnold S. The Complete Small Business Loan Kit.
Holbrook, MA: B. Adams, [Consumer Law Foundation], c1990. 191p.
HG3729.U5G58 1990
90-115034
Hayes, Rick Stephen. Business Loans: A Guide to Money Sources and
How To Approach Them. rev. and updated. New York: Wiley, c1989.
297p.
HG3751.4.U6H39 1989 SSRR B&E
88-38851
Lending to Different Industries: Practical Articles on Making
Loans to Selected Industries and Businesses--a Collection Taken
from the Journal of Commercial Bank Lending. Philadelphia:
R.Morris Associates. v. 1-3, c1990-1992.
HG1641.L46 1990
90-5900
Mancuso, Joseph R. How To Get A Business Loan (Without Signing
Your Life Away. New York: Prentice Hall, 1990. 270p.
HG1641.M25 1990 SSRR B&E
89-30272
Milling, Bryan E. How To Get a Loan or Line of Credit for Your
Business. Naperville, IL: Sourcebooks, Inc., 1993. 145p.
HG3751.M54 1993
92-41609
Venture Capital
Bartlett. Joseph W. A Venture Capital: Law, Business Strategies,
and Investment Planning. New York: J. Wiley, 1988. 514p.
KF1366.B37 1988 LAW
87-30352
Entrepreneur's Guide To raising Venture Capital. Greenberg
Consulting and Craig T. Norback. Blue Ridge Summit, PA: Liberty
Hall Press, c.1991. 264p.
HG4751.B87 1990
90-20624
Rev. ed. of The Arthur Young Guide To Raising Venture Capital,
by G. Steven Burrill and Craig T. Norbeck.
Gladstone, David. Venture Capital Handbook. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:
Prentice Hall, 1988. 350p.
HG4965.G57 1988 SSRR B&E
87-61607
Haft, Robert J. Venture Capital and Small Business Financing.
New York: Clark Boardman Co., 1984-
annual.
KF1659.H33 1984 LAW
84-14514
Henderson, James W. Obtaining Venture Financing. Lexington, MA:
Lexington Books, 1991.
pp, 251-300.
HG4963.H44 1988
85-40234
McGarty, Terrence P. Business Plans That Win Venture Capital.
New York: Wiley, 1989. pp. 231-318 and Appendix.
HD62.5.M38 1989
88-27609
Merrill, Ronald E. Raising Money: Venture Funding and How To Get
It, by Ronald E. Merrill and Gaylord E. Nichols. New York:
American Management Association. c1990. 283p.
HG4751.M47 1990
89-46215
Pratt's Guide to Venture Capital Sources. Needham, MA: Venture
Economics Inc.
annual.
HG65.G83 SSRR B&E
85-644764
Schilit, W. Keith. The Entrepreneur's Guide To Preparing a
Winning Business Plan and Raising Venture Capital. Englewood
Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, c1990. 287p.
HG4027.6.S35 1990
88-37103
Venture Capital Manual. Boston: Warren, Gorham & Lamont, c1990.
pp. B4-1 - B4-21.
HG4965.V45 1990 SSRR B&E
90-70881
Nonprofit Organizations
Blum, Laurie. Free Money for Small Businesses and Entrepreneurs.
3rd ed. New York: J. Wiley & Sons, c1992. 293p.
HG4027.7.B58 1992 SSRR B&E
92-19847
Examples of Funding Targeted to Specific Groups
Berle, Gustav. Retiring to Your Own Business: How You Can Launch
a Satisfying, Productive, and Prosperous Second Career. Santa
Maria, CA: Puma Pub. c1993.
pp. 21-23; 27-32, 37-39, 43-54, 57-79, 207-241, 248-249.
HD6279.B47 1993
92-22196
International Association of Black Business Educators. IABBE's
Business Strategies. [Washington, DC]: The Association, 1988.
chapters 1, 2, 5, and 7.
HD2346.U5I566 1988
89-112382
Snelling, Laurine. Start Your Own Business After 50, or 60, or
70! San Leandro, CA: Bristol Pub. Enterprises, 1990.
pp. 165-179.
HD6072.6.U5S64 1990
91-143280
EXPORT FINANCING
Exporter's Guide to Federal Resources for Small Business. 3rd
rev. ed. Washington: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office
of International Trade. U.S. G.P.O. 1992. 122p.
HF1455.E935 1991
91-37967
Also on NTDB (National Trade Data Bank) CD-ROM in SSRR B&E and
N&CPRR.
Gordon, John S. Profitable Exporting: A Complete Guide To
Marketing Your Products Abroad. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, c1993.
Chapters 12-13.
HF1416.5.G67 1993
92-14983
Wells, L. Fargo. Exporting: from Start to Finance by L. Fargo
Wells and Karin B. Dulat. 2nd ed. [Blue Ridge Summit, PA]:
Liberty Hall Press, 1991. 522p.
HF1416.5.W45 1991 SSRR B&E
91-21411
Venedikian, H. Export-Import Financing, by H. Venedikian and
G. Warfield. 3rd. ed. New York: Wiley, 1992.
pp. 58-114.
HG3754.U5V46 1991
91-4771
FINANCING FOR BUYING A BUSINESS
Desmond, Glenn. Handbook of Small Business Valuation Formulas and
Rules of Thumb. 3rd. ed. Camden, ME: Valuation Press. 1993. 371p.
HG4028.V3D478 1993
93-235225
Goldstein, Arnold S. Buying and selling a Business--Successfully:
a Proven Guide for Entrepreneurs. Homewood, IL: Dow Jones Irwin,
1990.
pp. 144-164.
HD1393.25.G637 1990 SSRR B&E
89-7736
McGregor, Ronald J. Buying a Business: A Step-by-Step for the
First Time Buyer. [Menlo Park, CA]: Crisp Publications, 1993.
pp. 62-70.
HD1393.25.M38 1993
92-82770
Pratt, Shannon P. Valuing Small Businesses and Professional
Practices. 2nd ed. Homewood, IL: Business One Irwin, 1993. 692p.
HG4028.V3P73 1993
92-26337
Tuller, Lawrence W. Buying In: A Complete Guide to Acquiring a
Business or Professional Practice. Blue Ridge Summit, PA: Liberty
Hall Press, 1990.
pp. 128-204, 219-271, 279-287.
HD1393.25.T83 1990
90-36725
Whittemore, Meg. Financing Your Franchise. New York: McGraw-Hill,
1993.
pp. 57-92.
HF5429.235.U5W48 1993
93-14238
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FOR THE SMALL BUSINESS
Bond, Cecil J. Hands-On Financial Controls for Your Small
Business. Blue Ridge Summit, PA: Liberty Hall Press, 1991.
pp. 1-17, 19-51.
HG4027.7.B66 1990
90-49728
Financial Troubleshooting: an Action Plan for Money Management in
the Small Business, edited by David H. Bangs, Jr. and the editors
of Common Sense. Dover, NH: Upstart Pub. Co., c1992.
pp. 33-42, 175-180.
HG4027.7.F555 1992 SSRR B&E
92-30261
Glau, Gregory R. The Small Business Financial Planner. New York:
Wiley, 1989. pp. 173-192.
HG4027.7.G57 1989
88-20759
Parson, Mary Jean. Financially Managing the One-person business.
New York: Perigee Books, c1991.
pp. 13-36, 51-61.
HG4027.7.P37 1991
91-6771
Schimel, Barry R. 101 Ways To Prosper in Today's Economy. Herdon,
VA: Acropolis Books, 1991. 229p.
HG4027.7.S35 1991
91-29862
AVOIDING SCAMS
Henderson, M. Allen. Rip-0ffs, Cons and Swindles: Money for
Nothing. Ft. Lee, NJ.: Barricade Books, Inc., 1992. 192p.
HV6697.H46 1992
92-15881
Mott, Graham M. How To Recognize and Avoid Scams, Swindles, and
Ripoffs. Littleton, CO.: Golden Shadows Press. 1993.
HV6695.M68 1993
93-154149
"Scams, Schemes, Deceptive Offers: How Small Businesses Can
Survive the Great American Rip-Offs." Washington, DC: Call For
Action (CFA), Inc., [nd] brochure.
LC Location: BRS Business Vertical File under SCAMS
FREE OR INEXPENSIVE MATERIALS
The Small Business Administration issues a number of pamphlets,
videotapes, and other publications that discuss various issues
relating to the financing of a small business. Some
representative titles are listed below. For a current catalog,
call the Small Business Administration SBA Answer Desk at 1-800-
827-5722.
"ABC's of Borrowing." (Series: Financial Management, FM1)
"How To Raise Money for a Small Business," (Series: Focus on
the Facts, FF1)
"A Venture Capital Primer for Small Business," (Series:
Financial Management, FM5)
The following groups also distribute free or inexpensive guides
for small business persons which may be of interest. Exact
availability and cost are subject to change.
Guides from Price Waterhouse Series for Smaller Businesses and
Entrepreneurs.
Price Waterhouse
1251 Avenue of the Americas
New York, NY 10020
212-819-5000
Various topics are covered, including financing. These guides are
also generally available from any of the approximately ninety
Price Waterhouse offices nationwide. Check local listings to
determine if there is an office in your area.
Where To Get Start-Up Funding for Your Business.
[Income Opportunity Booklets]
Davis Publications
Income Opportunities
P.O. Box 40
Vernon, NJ 07462
800-338-7531
ABSTRACTING AND INDEXING SERVICES
Abstracting and indexing services provide access to relevant
articles in journals and access to other literature. The
following suggested subject terms are given as aids in searching
the services listed below. All are CD-ROMs, except as noted. Call
numbers are given for those with printed versions.
ABI Inform CD-ROM (1987- ) SSRR B&E
Business Periodicals Ondisc [BPO] CD-ROM (1987- ) N&CPRR
(BPO and ABI Inform share common indexing, but BPO also includes
full text of selected articles)
See: Corporate Finance
Entrepreneurs
Financial Management
Small Business
Startups
Classification Codes that can be used:
3100 Capital and Debt Management
9180 International
9190 United States
9520 Small Business
9521 Minority- and Women-Owned Businesses
Business Periodicals Index (1958- ) Z7164.C81B983 SSRR B&E,
MRR Alc, N&CPRR
Business Abstracts CD-ROM (1982- ) SSRR B&E
See: Black Business Enterprises
Entrepreneurs and Finance
New Business Enterprises and Finance
New Business Enterprises and Strategic Planning
Small Business Ownership
Small Business and State Aid
Women Entrepreneurs
Business Dateline CD-ROM (1985- ) SSRR B&E
See: Business Incubators
Business Incubators and Small Business
Corporate Finance and Entrepreneurs
Entrepreneurs and Finance
Small Business and Financing
Startups and Financing
Ethnic Newswatch CD-ROM (October 1993) N&CPRR
See: Entrepreneurs and Finance
Minority Owned Businesses and Finance
Native Americans and Entrepreneurs
Small Business and Finance
Venture Capital and Small Business
Women Entrepreneurs
Infotrac General Business File CD-ROM (1993- ) SSRR B&E
See: Black Business Enterprises -- finance
Businessmen -- finance
Businesswomen -- finance
Entrepreneurship -- business incubators
Entrepreneurship -- finance
Handicapped -- business and industry
Minority Business Enterprises -- finance
Native Americans -- business and industry
New Business Enterprises -- finance
Newspaper Abstracts Ondisc CD-ROM (1989- ) N&CPRR
See: Entrepreneurs and Finance
Minority Owned Businesses and Finance
Small Business and Finance
Venture Capital and Small Business
Women and Entrepreneurs
NTDB: National Trade Data Bank CD-ROM (1993- ) SSRR B&E, N&CPRR
On Disc 1, from main menu select "program", then select options
relating to small business financing such as:
"Exporter's Guide To Federal Resources For Small Businesses"
-- "Summaries of Agency Programs" or
"SBA News and Loan Programs"
-- "Export Revolving Line of Credit Loan Program"
-- "International Trade Loan Program"
-- "Small Business Loan Program"
On Disc 2, from main menu select "program", then choose options
as appropriate such as:
"Export Assistance Contact List"
"Export Programs: A Business Directory of US government
Resources"
-- "Financing Assistance"
"State Trade Contacts"
PAIS International (1991- ) Z7164.E2P34 SSRR B&E, MRR Alc,
N&CPRR
PAIS International CD-ROM (1972- ) MRR
See: Entrepreneurs and Finance
Minority Business Enterprises
Small Business and Finance
(Small Business) and (Export Import Trade)
Venture Capital
Readers' Guide To Periodical Literature (1900- ) AI13.R48
MRR ALC, SSRR B&E, N&CPRR
Readers'Guide CD-ROM (1983- ) N&CPRR
See:Black Business Enterprises
Entrepreneurs
Entrepreneurs and Finance
Minority Business Enterprises
Small Business and finance
Venture Capital
Women Entrepreneurs
REPRESENTATIVE JOURNAL ARTICLES
"Asset-Based Lending is Safe and Sound Lending," Secured Lender.
January-February 1993: 69-75.
Written from the point of view of the lender.
Full Text in N&CPRR on BPO
HF5565.C65
Bhide, Amar. "Bootstrap Finance: The Art of Start-ups," Harvard
Business Review, v. 70 n. 6 November-December 1992: 109-117.
Full Text in N&CPRR on BC
HF5001.H3
"Black Entrepreneurs: Have Capital, Will Flourish," Economist,
February 27, 1993: 33-34.
Full Text in N&CPRR on BPO and GPO
HG11.E2
Broome, J. Tol Jr. "How To Write a Business Plan," Nation's
Business. February 1993: 29-30.
Full Text in N&CPRR on BC, BPO, GPO, and MC
HF1.N4
Brown, Caryne. "Making Low-Cost Start-Ups Pay Off," Black
Enterprise. November 1992: 65-72.
Full Text in N&CPRR on BC, BPO, GPO, and MC
E185.B5
"Capital Suggestions: Assets and Barter," Nation's Business,
v. 80, April 1992: 34-35.
Full Text in N&CPRR on BC. BPO, GPO, and MC
HF1.N4
Davidson, Jacqueline."International Strategies: Putting Wind in
Your Sales," Small Business Reports, v. 17, July 1992: 44-48.
Discusses types of financing available through the Eximbank for
small companies interested in exporting.
Full Text in N&CPRR on BPO
HD2346.U5S64
Davis, Eileen. "Creative Financing Techniques," Small Business
Reports. v. 16, December 1991: 49-58.
Full Text in N&CPRR on BPO
HD2346.U5S64
Emshwiller, John R. "Entrepreneurs are Tempting Targets for
Fraud," Wall Street Journal, January 12, 1994. pp. B1-B2.
Newspaper
N&CPRR
"Financing Export Transactions," Business America. World Trade
Week Edition. v. 113, n. 9 [May] 1992: 14-16.
HF1.B863
"The 'Good' Banker", Inc., v. 15 February 1993: 31.
Full Text in N&CPRR on BC, BPO, GPO, and MC
HD2346.U5I55
Hartnet, Michael. "So You Want To Get a Bank Loan: New Franchise
Owners Have a Friend in the SBA," Restaurant Business, v. 91,
March 20, 1992: 68-69.
Full Text in N&CPRR on BC and BPO
TP628.S7
John, Christine. "Rural America Fund Foster New Jobs in Rural
Areas," Management Quarterly, v. 33, Summer 1992: 33-35.
Full Text in N&CPRR on BC, BPO
HD28.M14
McKee, Bradford. "Seed Funds for the Smallest Start-Ups,"
Nation's Business., October 1992: 29-30.
Full Text in N&CPRR on BC, BPO, GPO, and MC
HF1.N4
McKee, Bradford. "Simpler Offerings for Smaller Firms," Nation's
Business. July 1993: 33-34.
Full Text in N&CPRR on BC, BPO, GPO, and MC
HF1. N4
Nelton, Sharon. "On the Horizon: More Investment in Women,"
Nation's Business. v. 81, May 1993: 73-74.
Full Text in N&CPRR on BC, BPO, GPO, and MC
HF1.N4
Payne, Kay. "Funding Small Businesses Through Private Economic
Development Organizations," Economic Development Review. Winter
1992: 89-91.
Full Text in N&CPRR on BPO
Posner, Bruce G. "How To Finance Anything," Inc., v. 15,
February 1993: 54-68.
Full Text in N&CPRR on BC, BPO, GPO, and MC
HD2346.U5I55
"Small Companies in Quest of Cash Face More Grilling Than Ever,"
Profit Building Strategies for Business Owners, v. 22, no. 11,
November 1992: 3-4.
Full Text in N&CPRR on BC
Stern, Linda. "Need $10,000? $50,000? $250,000?" Home Office
Computing, v. 10, September 1992: 64-69.
Full Text in N&CPRR on GPO
QA76.5.F328
Szabo, Joan C. "A Capital Option: Finance Companies," Nation's
Business. July 1992: 42.
Full Text in N&CPRR on BC, BPO, GPO, and MC
HF1.N4
Szabo, Joan C. "Easing Small Firms' Credit Crunch," Nation's
Business v. 80, June 1993: 42-43.
Full Text in N&CPRR on BC, BPO, and GPO
HF1.N4
"Tapping a Credit Union," Inc., v. 14, December 1992: 35.
Full Text in N&CPRR on BC, BPO, GPO, and MC
HD2346.U5I55
"Tapping the Microlenders," Inc. November 1992: 43.
Full Text in N&CPRR on BC, BPO, GPO, and MC
HD2346.U5I55
Thompson, Kevin D. "Facing Tough Times on the Money Trail," Black
Enterprise, January 1993: 72-76.
Full Text in N&CPRR on BC, BPO, GPO and MC
E185.8.B5
Thompson, Kevin D. "Beating Small Business Scams," Black
Enterprise. v. 24, October 1993: 25.
Full Text in N&CPRR on BC, BPO, GPO and MC
E185.8.B5
Touby, Laurel. "The New Bankrolls Behind Women's Businesses,"
Business Week., September 21, 1992: 70-71.
Full Text in N&CPRR on BPO and GPO
HF5001.B89
Washer, Louise. "How To Finance a Start-Up," Working Woman, v.
17,October 1992: 43--49, 63.
Full Text in N&CPRR on BC, BPO, GPO, and MC
HQ1101.W78
PERIODICALS
D&B Reports. ISSN: 0746-6110
HF5001.D86a 80-642262
Entrepreneur. ISSN: 0364-7218
HF5001.E64 76-648309
In Business. ISSN: 0190-2458
HF5001.I35 79-643446
Income Opportunities. ISSN: 0019-3429
HF5382.5.U5I5 58-36003
Inc. ISSN: 0162-8968
HD2346.U5 I55 79-643168
Journal of Small Business Management. (National Council for Small
Business Management Development) ISSN: 0047-2778
HD69.S6 J67 77-618049
Nation's Business. (Chamber of Commerce of the United States)
ISSN: 0028-047X
HF1.N4 (micro 06239 1912- ) 15-18456
Small Business Investment Companies Digest/(SBIC Digest).
(Small Business Administration, Investment Division)
ISSN: 0149-2500
HG3729.U5A3392c 76-649841
Small Business Reports. (American Management Association)
ISSN: 0164-5382
HD2346.U5 S64 82-640992
You and Your Business. ISSN: 0736-4865
HG4027.7.Y68 84-643803
Venture Capital Journal. ISSN: 0883-2773
HG4961.V465 85-645612
ADDITIONAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION
Anderson, Robert L. Managing Small Businesses, by Robert L.
Anderson and John S. Dunkelberg. Minneapolis/St. Paul: West Pub.,
1993. pp. 166-190.
HD62.7.A515 1993
92-26315
Arden, Lynie. The Work-at-Home Sourcebook., 4th ed. Boulder, CO:
Live Oak Publications. c1992. 279p.
HD2336.U5A73 1992
91-30758
Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance. Washington, Office of
Management and Budget, for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt.
Print. Office, 1991-
annual.
HC110.P63U53a SSRR Ref Desk
73-600118
Issued to depository libraries in microfiche.
Supt. of Docs. No.: PrEx 2.20:
Corporate Finance Sourcebook. Wilmette, IL: National Register Co.
annual.
HG4057.A1565 SSRR B&E
79-642719
Credit Considerations: Financial and Credit Characteristics of
Selected Industries. Philadelphia, PA: Robert Morris Associates,
1986. 3v.
HG1641.C663 1990
89-13778
Directory of Operating Small Business Investment Companies,
Washington DC: Small Business Administration. 19--
semiannual, June and December.
HG3729.U49D57 SSRR B&E
82-647180
Lists approximately 570 small business investment companies
licensed under the Small Business Investment Act covering
minority enterprise SBIC's.
Issued also to depository libraries in microfiche.
Supt. of Docs. No.: SBA 1.2:D 62/2/
Supt. of Docs. No.: SBA 1.13/4:Op 1/
The Home Business Resource Guide. ed. Cheryl Gorder. Tempe, AZ:
Blue Bird Pub. c1989. 144p.
HD2336.U5G65 SSRR B&E
89-18205
Mancuso, Joseph R. Mancuso's Small Business Resource Guide. New
York: Prentice Hall 1988.
pp. 45-52; 517-533.
HD62.7.M367 1988 SSRR B&E
87-27015
Morton, Thomas. Financial Letters for the Small Business. New
York: Wiley, 1992.
pp. 47-112.
HF5721.M73 1992
91-39892
Pike, Gene. Profiles in Independence: Starting a Home-Based
Business. Valrico, FL: Sherwood Pub., 1992.
pp. 29-62.
HD62.5.P55 1992
92-138099
Pratt's Guide to Venture Capital Sources. Wellesley Hills, Mass.:
Venture Economics, Inc., 1984-
annual.
HG65.G83 SSRR B&E
85-644764
Includes an industry preference index as well as a brief guide
to preparing a business plan. Has a companion publication 1985-
: Guide to European Venture Capital Sources.
Small Business Sourcebook: the Entrepreneur's Resource, ed. Carol
A. Schwartz. Detroit: Gale Research Inc., 1993. 2 v.
HD2346.U5S66 SSRR B&E
85-644758
For each state, lists small business assistance programs,
financing and loan Programs, minority business assistance
programs, procurement assistance programs, incubators and
research and technology parks, legislative assistance, and
consultants. Also includes chapters on "Venture Capital and Other
Funding" "Government Assistance, and "Financial Management" which
list associations, educational programs, reference works, trade
periodicals, videocassettes and audiocassettes, consultants,
computerized databases, and research centers.
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