ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Isobutanol can be a better biofuel than ethanol due to its higher energy density and lower hygroscopicity. Furthermore, the branched-chain structure of isobutanol gives a higher octane number than the isomeric n-butanol. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was chosen as the production host because of its relative tolerance to alcohols, robustness in industrial fermentations, and the ...

BackgroundIsobutanol can be a better biofuel than ethanol due to its higher energy density and lower hygroscopicity. Furthermore, the branched-chain structure of isobutanol gives a higher octane number than the isomeric n-butanol. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was chosen as the production host because of its relative tolerance to alcohols, robustness in industrial fermentations, and the possibility for ...

Staphylococcus carnosus and Staphylococcus xylosus are widely used as aroma producers in the manufacture of dried fermented sausages. Catabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) by these strains contributes to aroma formation by production of methyl-branched aldehydes and carboxy acids. The first step in the catabolism is most likely a transamination reaction catalyzed by BCAA ...

Staphylococcus carnosus and Staphylococcus xylosus are widely used as aroma producers in the manufacture of dried fermented sausages. Catabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) by these strains contributes to aroma formation by production of methyl-branched aldehydes and carboxy acids. The first step in the catabolism is most likely a transamination reaction catalyzed by BCAA ...

A branched-chain aminotransferase gene (ilvE) from Lactococcus lactis LM0230 was identified on a 9-kb chromosomal insert by complementation in Escherichia coli DL39. Sequencing of a 2.0-kbp fragment resulted in the identification of a 1,023-bp open reading frame that could encode a 340-amino-acid protein. Sequence analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed 62% ...

The isoleucine and valine biosynthetic enzyme acetolactate synthase (Ilv2p) is an attractive antifungal drug target, since the isoleucine and valine biosynthetic pathway is not present in mammals, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ilv2? mutants do not survive in vivo, Cryptococcus neoformans ilv2 mutants are avirulent, and both S. ...

The question of whether the promoter ilvEp, located in the coding region of ilvM, the second structural gene in the ilvGMEDA operon, is subject to either amino acid- or growth rate-mediated regulation is examined. The experiments described here were performed with ilvEp-cat and ilvEp-lac ...

DNA-DNA hybridization of cloned segments of the Escherichia coli K-12 ilvGEDA operon to genomic blots was used to determine the physical dimensions of a series of deletion mutations of the ilvGEDA operon. The smallest mutation resulted from the deletion of approximately 200 base pairs from within ilvD, whereas the largest mutation ...

We previously characterized a set of lambda dilv phages by genetic, restriction enzyme, and heteroduplex analyses and tentatively correlated isoleucine-valine gene products with specific ilv DNA segments by using cloned ilv segments in maxicells and lambda dilv phage infection of UV-irradiated cells. In this work, the identity of the ...

The objective of this study was to determine the role of a lactococcal branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase gene, ilvE, in the production of branched-chain fatty acids. Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis LM0230 and an ilvE deletion mutant, JLS450, produced branched-chain fatty acids from amino and ?-keto acids at levels above ?-keto acid spontaneous ...

... Growth and Characterization of Il-V Semiconductors by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition Using Low Toxici ertiarybutylarsine and ...

Transcription of the ilvIH operon was reduced during amino acid starvation of wild-type Escherichia coli. The effect was abolished by a relA mutation and was enhanced by a spoT mutation, thus suggesting a possible negative role of ppGpp accumulation on ilvIH transcription. No effect of amino acid downshift was observed on the synthesis of lrp mRNA, ...

The large, catalytic subunits (LSUs; ilvB, ilvG and ilvI, respectively) of enterobacterial acetohydroxyacid synthases isozymes (AHAS I, II and III) have molecular weights approximately 60 kDa and are paralogous with a family of other thiamin diphosphate dependent enzymes. The small, regulatory subunits (SSUs) of AHAS I and AHAS III ...

The ilvIH operon of Escherichia coli(located near min 2) encodes acetohydroxyacid synthase III, an isozyme involved in branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis. A strain with lacZ fused to the ilvIH promoter was constructed. Transposon Tn10 was introduced i...

During alcoholic fermentations, the off-flavour compound diacetyl is formed non-enzymatically from acetolactate leaking out from the cells. Acetolactate is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of valine. In beer fermentation, the amount of diacetyl is reduced to acceptable levels during maturation. A reduction of the time needed for maturation may be achieved by the use of a brewing yeast that ...

AF aceEF gltA icdA sucAB sucCDsdhACD fumA mdh aceA aceB pta ackA DHAP 6PGL 6PGC R5P S7P GAP E4P F6P ppc Val Leu Pan ilvGM ilvIH ilvBN DHV ilvC ilvD ilvE ptsG pgi pykAF aceEF gltA icdA sucAB sucCDsdhACD fumA acnAB icdA sucABsucCDsdhABCD fumA mdh aceA aceB aceK pta ackA DHAP ...

understanding of the gaseous hydrogen embrittlement phenomenon itself, but also .... Nickel-base alloys such as Inconel 718 are also embrittled [20]. ...

In an environment where many smaller projects cannot individually develop capabilities to ..... Parts Engineering Ofce to create a BPA for hybrid DC/DC ...

Discovery Discovery _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ CIE 525 Statics ENE 520* Enviro* Environ. Eng. ENE 656 Enviro. Micro. ENE 742 Solid Haz. Waste Hydraulics Elective Tech. Elec Physical Science = PHYS 407 Enviro. Tech. in Soc. = ENE 520 Notes 1. A continuous line symbolizes

The regulation of synthesis of the valine-alanine-alpha-aminobutyrate transaminase (transaminase C) was studied in Escherichia coli mutants lacking the branched-chain amino acid transaminase (transaminase B). An investigation was made of two strains, CU2 and CU2002, each carrying the same transaminase B lesion but exhibiting different growth responses on a medium supplemented with branched-chain ...

-his-trp-lip-thr-thy-his D. thr-lip-trp-his-thy-str-ilv E. thr-lip-trp-his-thy-ilv-str 2. An autosomal recessive disease. Most common disorders in human families are multifactorial. C. A threshold trait is due to a single-Weinberg equilibrium the frequency of homozygous recessive genotype is 0.16, then the frequency of the dominant allele

Diacetyl (2,3-butanedione) imparts an unpleasant "butterscotch-like" flavor to alcoholic beverages such as beer, and therefore its concentration needs to be reduced below the sensory threshold before packaging. We examined the mechanisms that lead to highly elevated diacetyl formation in petite mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during beer fermentations. We present evidence that elevated ...

Diacetyl (2,3-butanedione) imparts an unpleasant �butterscotch-like� flavor to alcoholic beverages such as beer, and therefore its concentration needs to be reduced below the sensory threshold before packaging. We examined the mechanisms that lead to highly elevated diacetyl formation in petite mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during beer fermentations. We present evidence that elevated ...

NGC 300 X-1 is the second extragalactic candidate, after IC 10 X-1, for the rare class of Wolf-Rayet/compact object X-ray binary system (Carpano et al. 2007, A&A, 461,9L) uniquely exemplified in the Galaxy by Cyg X-3. From a theoretical point of view, these systems should have orbital periods up to several tens of hours (Ergma & Yungelson, 1998, A&A, 333, 151; ...

Treatment of silacyclopent-3-enes in tetrahydrofuran solution at low temperature with catalytic amounts of alkyllithium reagents and (hexamethyl phosphoramide) or (tetramethylethylenediamine) rapidly leads to formation of poly (1-sila-cis-pent-3-enes). Th...

M. Wu: ENEE631 Digital Image Processing (Fall'01) Medical Imaging Topic:Medical Imaging Topic@eng.umd.edu ENEE631 Fall 2001ENEE631 Fall 2001 LectureLecture--2222 #12;M. Wu: ENEE631 Digital Image Processing (Fall #12;M. Wu: ENEE631 Digital Image Processing (Fall'01) Lec22 � Medical Imaging / ...

Three acetohydroxy acid synthase isozymes, AHAS I (ilvBN), AHAS II (ilvGM) and AHAS III (ilvIH) catalyze the first step of the parallel isoleucine-valine biosynthetic pathway in Escherichia coli. Previous DNA sequence and protein purification data have shown that AHAS II and AHAS III are composed of large and small subunits encoded in ...

Unlike mammals, bacteria encode enzymes that synthesize branched-chain amino acids. The pyridoxal 5?-phosphate-dependent transaminase performs the final biosynthetic step in these pathways, converting keto acid precursors into ?-�amino acids. The branched-chain amino-acid transaminase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MtIlvE) has been crystallized and its structure has been ...

A �second-generation� production strain was derived from a Corynebacterium glutamicum pantothenate producer by rational design to assess its potential to synthesize and accumulate the vitamin pantothenate by batch cultivation. The new pantothenate production strain carries a deletion of the ilvA gene to abolish isoleucine synthesis, the promoter down-mutation ...

The global regulator CodY controls the expression of dozens of metabolic genes and genes mediating adaptation to nutrient availability in many low G+C Gram-positive bacteria. Branched-chain amino acids L-isoleucine, L-leucine and L-valine (ILV) activate CodY both in vivo and in vitro, and genes that direct their synthesis (ilv, ybgE and ywaA) are highly ...

The proposed action of disposing of 52 moderator deionizer vessels within the ILV was evaluated in this SA. In particular, a detailed analysis of the release of {sup 14}C via the atmospheric pathway was conducted for these vessels since the major concern has been the nearly 20 Ci of {sup 14}C that is associated with each vessel. The more rigorous evaluation of the atmospheric ...

Independent lung ventilation (ILV) can be classified into anatomical and physiological lung separation. It requires either endobronchial blockade or double-lumen endotracheal tube intubation. Endobronchial blockade or selective double-lumen tube ventilation may necessitate temporary one lung ventilation. Anatomical lung separation isolates a diseased lung from contaminating ...

... ORGANIZATIONS, *PHYSICS, SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, NUCLEAR PHYSICS, NUCLEAR REACTORS, ANTIPROTONS, NUCLEAR REACTIONS ...

1 ,2-Dichlorohexafluo rocyclopent-1-ene and 1 ,2-dichlorotetrafluorocylobut- 1 -ene in tetrahydrofuran solutions of 2-mercaptoethanol or 1,2-ethanedithiol and triethylamine give new mono or disubstituted cycloolefins by displacement of one or two of the c...

The thiol-ene reaction of a sol-gel synthesized oligosiloxane thiol-ene mixture was processed through UV irradiation, resulting in transparency, high refractive index, good thermal stability and especially excellent electrical insulation materials. It provides new strong potential of the thiol-ene system for application in dielectric ...

Ene reactions of iminonitroso agents with olefins were investigated in both solution and solid phase. Reactions afforded allyl hydroxylamine products in up to 99% yield and with high regioselectivity. A Cu(I)-mediated enantioselective nitroso ene reaction gave an ene product with up to 40% ee.

by BEQ and JALR instructions and in han- dling pipeline interrupts. #12;ENEE 446: Digital Computer Design. The control input is the instruction's #12;ENEE 446: Digital Computer Design -- The Pipelined RiSC-16 6 opcodeENEE 446: Digital Computer Design -- The Pipelined RiSC-16 1 This paper describes a pipelined

1,1-Dimethyl-1-silacyclopent-3-ene and 1,1-diphenyl-1-silacyclopent-3-ene have been copolymerized by treatment with n-butyllithium and hexamethylphosphoramide in tetrahydrofuran at -50 C. Random copolymers are formed. The microstructures of these have bee...