We studied the emission of {alpha}-pinene from Quercus ilex leaves. Only the abaxial side of the hypostomatous Q. ilex leaf emits {alpha}-pinene. Light induced photosynthesis and {alpha}-pinene emission. However, the response of photosynthesis to dark-to-light transitions was faster than that of {alpha}-pinene, suggesting that ATP ...

The leaves of evergreen broadleaved Quercus cuspidata, Ilex pedunculosa, Ilex rotunda, machilus thunbergii, Pittosporum tobira and deciduous broadleaved Quercus serrata, Quercus variabilis, Celtis sinensis, Ginkgo biloba, and Evodiopanax innovans were collected from the time of full leaf expansion to the end of growing season to ...

Biomonitoring of magnetic properties of tree leaves has been postulated to be a good approach to measure particulate matter (PM) pollution levels. We studied the variation of magnetic hysteresis parameters on leaves of Quercus ilex, an evergreen oak previously used for magnetic biomonitoring of air pollution in Rome (Italy). The ...

From the leaves of Ilex affinis and Ilex buxifolia, two adulterant species of "erva mate" (Ilex paraguariensis), three new triterpenoid glycosides were isolated. Affinoside 1 (3beta-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-[2-O-acetyl-(1-->2

In the Mediterranean basin, precipitation is expected to decline as a consequence of climate change, and so will induce summer drought duration and intensity increase. The responses of a Quercus ilex coppice to such a decline in water availability were studied for several years within a throughfall exclusion experiment. This study focuses on the ...

Elevated levels of airborne particulate matter (PM) are a current problem for air quality in many major metropolitan areas. Many European cities have tightened the PM limits in the air, due to advances in monitoring PM levels. In order to establish guidelines for monitoring and curbing anthropogenic PM output, a better understanding of its origin, composition and diffusion is required. ...

Seasonal drought can severely impact leaf photosynthetic capacity. This is particularly important for Mediterranean forests, where precipitation is expected to decrease as a consequence of climate change. Impacts of increased drought on the photosynthetic capacity of the evergreen Quercus ilex were studied for two years in a mature forest submitted to ...

In order to provide some insight into the chemical basis for the antioxidant behaviour of bitter tea, the Chinese medicinal beverage derived from leaves of Ilex kudincha or Ilex latifolia, free radicals generated during the oxidation of aqueous extracts of dried leaves have been investigated by electron ...

Two new saponins were isolated from the leaves of Ilex psammophila. Their structure was established by chemical and spectroscopic methods as 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylester of 20(S)-ilexgenin A ([structure: see text]) and 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylester of 20(S)-3beta,19alpha,24-trihydroxyurs-12-ene-23, 28-dioic acid ([structure: see text]). PMID:12462345

Saponins are naturally occurring metabolites present in Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis), and other plant sources which have been associated with several health benefits. Mate saponins were extracted with methanol from dry leaves, partially purified and quantified. UV-HPLC analysis showed that the m...

Structures on the surfaces of leaves, such as dense layers of non-glandular trichomes, strongly affect phylloplane mite activities. On the other hand the feeding of eriophyoid mites on leaf surfaces can cause hyperplasia of leaf trichomes (erinea formation). In many cases the hyperplasia is accompanied by the accumulation of pigments within trichome cells, causing an ...

Simulations with coupled atmosphere-ocean regional climate models indicate substantial drying and warming of the Mediterranean region, especially during the warm season. Changes in rainfall frequency, duration and intensity are also expected in this region, resulting in a more extreme precipitation regime and more frequent and severe droughts. How such ...

The antimicrobial activities of the methanol extract of Quercus ilex L. (Pirnal oak) leaves were tested in vitro against a wide range of human and plant-associated microorganisms. A total of 132 microbial organisms belonging to 55 bacteria and five fungi and yeast species were studied using a disc-diffusion method and microdilution assays. The results were ...

Quercus ilex (L.) leaves emit monoterpenes, particularly alpha-pinene, beta-pinene and sabinene. Apart from the monoterpene pools that are stored in specialized structures and have a clear defensive or attractive role, the function of monoterpenes in Q. ilex leaves is unknown. We tested whether monoterpenes have an ...

Combustible gas analysis was used to study seasonal changes in the quantity of volatiles in foliage of gallberry (Ilex glabra), ... ...

We determined the effects of tropospheric ozone on the chemical composition of Quercus ilex L. leaves and their decomposition, with a view to assessing the influence of ozone on nutrient cycling and the sustainability of Mediterranean holm oak forests. Forming one of the most widespread thermophilous vegetation communities in the area, Q. ...

One new triterpene, kudinchalactone A ( 1), and four new triterpenoid saponins, ilekudinchosides A-D ( 2- 5), were isolated from the leaves of ILEX KUDINCHA C.?J. Tseng along with eight known triterpenoids. These new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR, HR-TOF-MS, and CD spectra. Compounds 2, 3, 12, and 13 showed ...

Six new triterpenoid saponins of the ursane types were isolated from the MeOH extract of the leaves of Ilex oblonga. They were oblonganoside A (1), oblonganoside B (2), oblonganoside C (6), oblonganoside D (8), oblonganoside E (9), and oblonganoside F (10), together with three known triterpenoid saponins. The structures of these compounds were elucidated ...

Ten triterpene saponins have been isolated from a MeOH extract of the leaves of Ilex oblonga. In their structures, six new triterpenoid saponins were named as oblonganosides H-M (2, 4, 5, and 8-10). All structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. Among the triterpenoid saponins, three compounds (7, 8, and 10) showed obvious ...