In two patients with primary bone lymphoma (PBL) treated in our clinic, serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) reflected the clinical course. In both cases, sIL-2R levels were high before treatment and normalized with the therapeutic effects of ...
PubMed Central
Elevated serum levels of the soluble form of IL-2 receptor ? (sIL-2R?) have been correlated with a poor prognosis in a variety of different types of cancers. However, its biologic relevance remains unclear and controversial. In patients with follicular B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (FL), we observed that serum ...
PubMed
Many components of oncologic treatment increase serum sIL-2R? level, which may falsely suggest a relapse. We tried to establish whether granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and central vein catheter (CVC)-related sepsis increase serum sIL-2R? level to values on ...
Increased serum concentration of soluble alpha-chain receptor for interleukin-2 (sIL-2R) has been noted in patients with a variety of inflammatory conditions and lymphoid malignancies including T cell leukemia and lymphoma. Elevated sIL-2R serum levels seen in lymphoid malignancies appear to ...
We measured the serum concentrations of the soluble form of interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain (sIL-2R alpha) in 25 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and 1 patient with virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (VHAS) by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using two anti-IL-2R alpha monoclonal ...
Systemic vasculitis is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies to neutrophil cytoplasmic antigens (ANCA). The role of T-lymphocytes in systemic vasculitis remains uncertain. In the present study, we attempted to explore the role of T-lymphocytes in systemic vasculitis by measuring the serum soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL2R) ...
In some instances, because of the lack of mass formation and the absence of prominent lymph node enlargement, diagnosis of lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (LAHS) is difficult, which results in the development of progressive disease with unfavorable prognosis. Therefore, in the diagnosis of secondary hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS), markers for underlying malignant lymphoma are required. ...
ObjectiveCytokines play important roles in mediating inflammation in autoimmunity. Several cytokines are elevated in serum and synovial fluid samples from children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). Soluble CD154 (sCD154) is elevated in other autoimmune disorders, but has not been characterized in JIA. Our objectives were to determine if sCD154 is elevated in JIA, and to examine ...
We report here the presence of very high serum levels of the soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) in patients with blood hypereosinophilia with or without detectable markers of malignancy or signs of visceral involvement. The highest sIL-2R levels were observed in 16 ...
Evidence now suggests that eosinophils and T lymphocytes infiltrating bronchial tissues may play a key role in the pathophysiology of asthma. Circulating eosinophils, lung function, and plasma soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) were measured in 42 asthmatic patients referred for symptomatic asthma. The patients were ...
An imbalance of the immune system and mixed personality profiles in suicide attempters have been reported. As suicidal behavior is common in patients with psychiatric disorders within the spectrum of depressive features, in this study we measured soluble interleukin-2 receptor concentrations in plasma (sIL-2R) and investigated temperament and character ...
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Recently, it was suggested that in vivo activation of the monocytic and T-lymphocytic arms of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) may occur in schizophrenia and that antipsychotic drugs may modify CMI. The aim of the present study was to examine plasma soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), soluble suppressor/cytotoxic antigen (sCD8), interleukin-1 receptor ...
A soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) is a circulating form of a membrane receptor localized on lymphoid and some cancer cells. The biological function of sIL-2R has not been completely understood. Substantially, it seems to reflect T-lymphocyte activation in diseases of different pathology. Moreover, the soluble ...
The aim of this prospective study was to examine gender-related differences of cytokines in the plasma and urine of healthy individuals that might provide a clue concerning the lower rate of chronic renal diseases in females. Soluble interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (sIL-1RA), interleukin (IL)-1?, IL-1?, IL-2, ...
Recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2), when given to patients with advanced malignant disease, induces a limited beneficial effect, with only 20-30% of patients with solid tumours responding. This present study has identified those patients with advanced colorectal cancer most likely to respond to rIL-2 therapy, by analysis of serum cytokine ...
Complex perioperative immunodysfunction occurs in patients with renal cell carcinoma undergoing nephrectomy. Here, the effect of pretreatment with IL-2 is addressed. Of 63 patients who underwent tumour nephrectomy, 26 patients received four doses of 10 Mio IE/m2 IL-2 b.d. s.c. (i.e. a total of 40 Mio IE/m2) a week before operation, 37 did not. Parameters ...
BACKGROUND: Many studies have explored the association between soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), cytokines and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the results of these studies were not consistent. The aim of our study is to compare the levels of sIL-2R and cytokines in the blood between MDD patients and controls by a ...
The first findings that depression is characterized by cell-mediated immune activation and inflammation were published between 1990-1993 (Maes et al.). Recently, it was reported that--based on meta-analysis results--depression is an inflammatory disorder because the plasma levels of two cytokines are increased, i.e. interleukin-(IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF?). The ...
A 69-year-old male was admitted to our hospital for high-grade-fever and body weight loss lasting for a few months. In a previous hospital, extensive laboratory examinations and imaging modalities had failed to establish the origin of the fever. On admission he showed mild anemia, and elevated LDH and CRP, together with a high sIL-2R ...
Surgical interventions and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) induce a systemic inflammatory response with cytokine release. Ageing is perceived as a process of impaired immune functions: IL-1?, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?) secretion are increased while IL-2 release is reduced in advanced age. At present, little information is available about ...
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic cholestatic autoimmune liver disease characterized by selective destruction of the intrahepatic bile ducts and highly specific serum anti-mitochondrial autoantibodies (AMA). Several studies have attempted to determine the cytokine pattern characterizing PBC, yet no definitive data have been gathered. The present study was designed to evaluate ...
In clinically quiescent SLE hypergammaglobulinaemia, presence of autoantibodies, and increased soluble IL-2 receptors (sIL-2R) have been reported, suggesting persistent B as well as T cell activation. In contrast, the primary immune response to test antigens is markedly decreased. To analyse these phenomena at a ...
Serum soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL2R) was measured in patients with active and inactive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The concentration of sIL2R was higher in inactive SLE than in normal controls and was significantly increased in active compared with inactive SLE. When patients with active SLE were followed up serially it was found that the ...
While interleukin (IL)-2 clearly initiates the sequential assembly of its soluble receptor fragments (sIL-2R) in vitro (with sIL-2R? first, sIL-2R? second, and s?c last), the assembly mechanism of full-length subunits ...
Alpha-subunit of the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R?) encoded by the IL2RA/CD25 gene binds IL-2 that plays a pivotal role in the regulation of T cell function. Levels of a soluble form of IL-2R? (sIL-2R?) lacking the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains were ...
The IL-2/IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) system has been investigated in 64 patients with multiple myeloma (MM), 31 with monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance (MGUS) and 20 normal controls. The MM data were related to clinical status by comparing active disease, i.e. at diagnosis and at relapse, and stable disease, i.e. complete remission and ...
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare and severe inflammatory disorder marked by abnormal cytotoxic T and natural killer cell activity, resulting in impaired clearance of pathogen, excessive cytokine production, and continued immune system activation. Soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R or sCD25) is ...
Cytokines play important roles in B-cell activation, proliferation, and apoptosis, thus may be etiologically related to risk of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). However, the association between circulating levels of cytokines and B-NHL risk has not been prospectively studied in non-HIV populations. The objective of this study was to assess this association by conducting a ...
In order to describe presumed paediatric malaria on a cell-immunological basis, the soluble receptors of IL-2 (sIL-2R) and tumour necrosis factor (sTNF-R55 and sTNF-R75) were quantified in highly exposed young Tanzanian children. Sera were obtained from 66 acute and 72 reported febrile patients during health post consultations and follow-ups and from 68 ...
Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of microinvasive Nd:YAG laser surgery in case of early stage laryngeal carcinoma as well as it's effect on the cellular immune function of the tumor-bearing hosts. Material and Method: Thirty-seven patients with glottic Tis or T1 SCC were treated by fiberoptic laryngoscopic Nd:YAG laser surgery. Both before and after therapy, serum ...
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The recovery of immunoregulatory cells in the peripheral blood of patients with multiple myeloma receiving maintenance therapy with interferon alpha 2 beta (IFN-alpha 2 beta) after intensive therapy with high-dose melphalan and autologous bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell rescue was studied. IFN-alpha 2 beta significantly inhibited the recovery of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD56+/CD3- and ...
Intravascular malignant lymphomatosis (IML) is a relatively rare type of malignant lymphoma that is mostly caused by B-cell type neoplastic lymphocytes and rarely by T-cell and NL-cell type cells. B-cell type IML is currently considered to consist of 2 types: a conventional European type and an Asian variant that was originally reported from Japan. In IML, the tumor cells primarily grow within the ...
In view of the potential roles of intestinal immunodeficiency and hypersensitivity in the infection/diarrhea/malnutrition cycle, we need a safe and ethical method to study intestinal immunity of children in the developing world. Work in adults has shown that the fluid obtained by whole-gut lavage (WGLF), essentially a gut perfusate, can be used to assess intestinal immunity, inflammation, and gut ...
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Discomfort and fatigue are usually arisen from anticancer therapy such as surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, or combination therapy, because of the suppressed immunological functions. Yunzhi (Coriolus versicolor) can modulate various immunological functions in vitro, in vivo, and in human clinical trials. Danshen ...
A 6-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital with proteinuria, hematuria, skin rash and joint pain of the lower limbs. Due to rapid progression of renal insufficiency, hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis were performed. She was diagnosed with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Kidney biopsy showed severe crescent formation (50% of glomeruli) and no deposition of any immunoglobulins or ...
Background Changes in androgen levels and associations with chronic disease, physical and neuropsychological function and disability in women over the middle to later years of life are not well understood and have not been extensively studied in African-American women.Aims The present cross-sectional analysis reports such levels and associations in ...
We investigated inflammatory markers in psychotic disorders and their association with metabolic comorbidity, antipsychotic medication, smoking, alcohol use, physical condition, and mood. From the population-based Finnish Health 2000 study, we identified all persons with schizophrenia (n=45), other nonaffective psychosis (ONAP) (n=57), affective psychosis (n=37) and chose controls matched by age, ...
Cryosurgery has shown encouraging therapeutic effects on some solid tumors but its effect on the cellular immunity remains unclear. We developed a subcutaneously xenotransplanted tumor model in SD rats to directly evaluate the immune response by detecting the serum cytokine levels, T-cell responses to tumor derived antigens, and the cytolytic activity of peripheral blood ...
Because abnormalities in redox balance cluster in type I diabetes families and the intracellular thiol redox status seems to modulate immune function, we aimed to investigate the relationship between oxidative stress and immunological features. We measured oxidative markers, serum proinflammatory cytokines, soluble cytokine receptors and subsets of peripheral blood lymphocytes (by varying ...
OBJECTIVE--Activated T lymphocytes are involved in the pathogenesis of scleroderma (systemic sclerosis, SSc); such cells rapidly divide in vivo and are thus theoretically subject to random mutation more frequently than resting cells. To study whether SSc is associated with rapidly expanding T cell clones the frequency was determined of in vivo mutated T cells (MF) at the hypoxanthine guanine ...
... SUMMARY. Lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-6 levels in serum were measured as indicators of ... OMP-vaccinated groups. Significantly increased IL-2 and IL-6 levels in serum were seen...
NBII National Biological Information Infrastructure
A human T cell clone (termed 40.2.6) established from a rejected human kidney allograft has been studied for its ability to express membrane IL 2 receptors in response to antigen (irradiated cells from the graft's donor) and recombinant IL 2 (rec-IL 2). On ...
Energy Citations Database
Human T cell leukaemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is known to be involved in late-onset chronic polyarthritis as HTLV-I-associated arthropathy. However, it is unclear whether HTLV-I infection could modify the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis (OA). In this study we compared several inflammatory cytokines, such as C-terminal parathyroid hormone-related peptide (C-PTHrP), soluble interleukin-2 receptor ...
A diploid (2n=2x=14) Lolium multiflorum, designated IL2, represents a single plant selection from an IL1 population segregating for male-sterility. IL2 exhibits an elevated level of pollen sterility compared to individuals comprising the IL1 population and has been evaluated and identified to ...
Technology Transfer Automated Retrieval System (TEKTRAN)
In this study, monoclonal antibodies were used to the murine IL 2 receptor (IL 2R) termed 3C7 and 7D4, which bind to different epitopes on the murine IL 2R, to develop an ELISA to measure soluble murine IL 2R. Surprisingly, ...
Current concepts of the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis suggest that the expanded numbers of activated T-helper/inducer cells at sites of disease activity result, at least in part, from their proliferation in the local milieu. Normal clonal proliferation of T cells involves activation and expression of the IL 2 receptor (IL ...
To better understand reasons for increased susceptibility to malaria in pregnancy; and the interrelationships between maternal malaria, local immune reactions and the development of the fetus, concentrations of soluble interleukin-10 (IL-10), cytokine receptors, adhesion molecules, a Plasmodium falciparum protein, glutamate-rich protein (GLURP) and antibodies to P. falciparum rhoptry-associated ...
Several reports indicate that human peripheral blood lymphoctyes (PBL) seeded in culture with purified or recombinant interleukin 2 (IL 2) immediately after separation from the blood display a substantial level of proliferation at day 5 or 6, even in the absence of any activating signal. The spontaneously IL ...
These studies demonstrated that human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from individuals sensitized to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) were capable of producing interleukin 2 (IL 2) following in vitro stimulation with HSV antigen. IL 2 activity was detected by the direct addition of the murine ...
Xanthohumol (XN) is a major chalcone found in hop, which is used to add bitterness and flavor to beer. In this study, we investigated the effects of XN on the production of interlukin-2 (IL-2), a potent T cell growth factor. Treatment with XN significantly increased IL-2 production in mouse EL-4 T cells activated ...
BackgroundEffective antiretroviral therapy reduces HIV-1 RNA levels, improves CD4 T-cell counts, and lowers the risk of opportunistic infections and malignancies. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been shown to increase CD4 T-cell numbers mainly by expanding CD4 cells and by prolonging their half-lives. HIV-infected patients previously enrolled ...
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), an active ingredient of green tea, has been indicated to have various health benefits. However, little is known about the effect of EGCG on immune function. In this study, we investigated the effect of in vitro EGCG supplementation at physiologically relevant level...
Neuroendocrine peptides have a variety of physiological functions in the gastrointestinal tract. This study was carried out to investigate the impact of IL-2 deficiency on the neuroendocrine system in normal colon, and the neuroendocrine changes during colonic inflammation. Mice with homozygous disrupted IL-2 gene ...
Objective: To assess if arachnoid cells have the capability to present antigen and activate T-lymphocytes after stimulation by bloody cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and to illuminate the mechanism of coagulation-initiated inflammation in the subarachnoid space after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Methods: Arachnoid cells were cultured, characterized, and examined by immunofluorescence for the basal ...
In a series of studies designed to extend our understanding of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and to study the effect of biologic response modifiers on bone marrow, we observed that administering recombinant human (rH) IL-2 to normal mice resulted in an increase in the frequency of colony-forming units-culture (CFU-C) in ...
Activation of T lymphocytes by pokeweed mitogen (PWM) is strictly monocyte (Mo)-dependent and results in T-cell mitogenesis and interleukin-2 (IL-2) secretion, coupled with an inability to utilize IL-2 due to an impaired expression of functional IL-2 receptor ...
Although previous studies have not demonstrated a clear correlation between interleukin (IL) 2 receptor levels and immunological events after transplantation, many still suggest that these levels have clinical utility. A total of 759 serial measurements of both IL-2R and ...
To elucidate the mechanisms of action of cyclosporin A (CyA) and prednisolone (pred), we investigated the effects of these immunosuppressive drugs on the expression of receptors for interleukin 2 (IL-2) as well as the effect of exogenous IL-2 on CyA-inhibited and pred-inhibited responses. Pred-induced inhibition of ...
Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides(ABPS) was extracted from the root of Achyranthes bidentata Blume with molecular weight of 1400. It composed of fructose and glucose residues. The molar ratio was 8.7:1.0. It was a water-soluble neutral polysaccharide of white powder in purity of 99.9%. The effect of ABPS 0.625 x 10(2)-2.00 x 10(3) mg.L-1 on lymphocyte proliferation to Con A on splenocytes from ...
Expression of the gene for the T-cell growth hormone, interleukin 2 (IL2), is subject to at least two types of control. It is not only tissue specific, i.e. restricted to T lymphocytes, but also strictly dependent upon activation of the producing T cell. In mature cells, IL2 production is usually triggered via the ...
We present here a culture method for the estimation, in human blood, of the number of lymphocytes that can respond to mitogen by producing interleukin 2 (IL 2). T cells are cultured at limiting dilutions with PHA or Con A in the presence of Epstein Barr virus-transformed human lymphoblastoid cells (EB-LCL), and supernatants are tested 3 days later for ...
Glutathione (GSH), the most prevalent intracellular non-protein thiol, plays an important role in the interleukin-2 (IL-2)-induced proliferative activity of normal and tumour cells expressing IL-2 receptor (IL-2R). In the present study, we investigate the effect of IL-2 on ...
The efficacy of donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) for treatment of relapsed acute leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is limited. We hypothesized that interleukin-2 (IL-2) combined with DLI after chemotherapy might augment graft-versus-leukemia effects. To identify a safe and effective IL-2 ...
... 3.1 and corresponding residual mass levels determined from radiation measurements, Figs. ... CONCRErt IL- & 2. 0 -\\/QF A 0\\ MS �'� o 10.\\S F 0 G/SF ...
DTIC Science & Technology
SummaryA major obstacle limiting the efficacy of adoptive T-cell transfer (adoptive immunotherapy) to treat patients with cancer is the short survival of the transferred cells. These in vitro activated T cells depend on the growth factor, interleukin (IL)-2, and may undergo apoptosis in vivo when they are transferred. The authors previously reported that ...
The immunologic consequences of prolonged infusions of rIL-2 in doses that produce physiologic serum concentrations of this cytokine were investigated. rIL-2 in doses of 0.5-6.0 x 10(6) U/m2 per d (3.3-40 micrograms/m2 per d) was administered by continuous intravenous infusion for 90 consecutive days to patients with advanced cancer. ...
IL-2 receptor ? knockout (IL-2R?-/-) mice have a deficiency of CD25 and a corresponding functional defect in T regulatory cells (Treg). These mice spontaneously develop portal inflammation with biliary ductular damage and colitis with features similar to human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) ...
Biologically significant levels of IL-2 activity were produced by isolated lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC) from normal intestine (n = 12), cancer-bearing colons (n = 35) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affected tissue (n = 12). The levels of IL-2 produced were similar for all three sources of LPMC (normal 252 +/- 48 U/ml, IBD-affected mucosa ...
Rodent tumor cells engineered to secrete cytokines such as interleukin 2 (IL-2) or IL-4 are rejected by syngeneic recipients due to an enhanced antitumor host immune response. An adenovirus vector (AdCAIL-2) containing the human IL-2 gene has been constructed and shown to direct secretion of high ...
IL-2 and TGF-?1 play key roles in the immunobiology of Foxp3-expressing CD25(+)CD4(+) T cells (Foxp3(+)Treg). Administration of these cytokines offers an appealing approach to manipulate the Foxp3(+)Treg pool and treat T cell-mediated autoimmunity such as type 1 diabetes. However, efficacy of cytokine treatment is dependent on the mode of application, and ...
Immunotherapy with recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells has been applied to patients with metastatic cancers for its antitumour activity. In the present study we investigated the effects of in vivo administration of IL-2 (3 x 10(6) U/m2/d, continuously i.v.) on haematopoiesis. Six patients with disseminated renal ...
IL-2 is a hallmark cytokine secreted by central memory CD4+ T cells (TCM). Although na�ve cells rapidly secrete IL-2 in response to antigen stimulation, IL-12 inhibits IL-2 secretion in daughter cells as they differentiate ...
CD3/sup -/4/sup -/8/sup -/ and unfractionated thymocytes were compared for their capacity to proliferate, to express interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor, and to secrete IL-2. Phorbol ester and Ca/sup 2 +/ ionophore were used as mitogens. CD3/sup -/4/sup -/8/sup -/ thymocytes responded vigorously when stimulated with ...
Long-term treatment with recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) of diabetes-prone BB rats had contrasting effects in two different BB rat sublines. Diabetes development was enhanced in the subline with a low intrinsic diabetes risk and suppressed in the subline with a high diabetes risk. IL-2 treatment started between 35 ...
Circulating cytokine levels and antibody responses to human Schistosoma haematobium: IL-5 and IL-10. This study aims to relate human sys- temic cytokine and antibody levels to schistosome infection levels and adult worm antigens) and plasma cytokines (IFN-c, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, ...
E-print Network
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immuno-modulatory properties. They inhibit T-cell proliferation to mitogens and alloantigens in vitro and prolong skin graft survival in vivo. We found that MSCs inhibited the proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), suggesting that MSCs exert an inhibitory effect downstream of the receptor ...
Despite the well-demonstrated involvement of both interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 12 (IL-12) in the activation of host anti-cancer response, the knowledge of IL-2-IL-12 interactions has still to be better investigated. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of subcutaneous (s.c.) low-dose IL-2 on ...
Ligands of CCR5, the major coreceptor of HIV-1, costimulate T lymphocyte activation. However, the full impact of CCR5 expression on T cell responses remains unknown. Here, we show that compared with CCR5+/+, T cells from CCR5?/? mice secrete lower amounts of IL-2, and a similar phenotype is observed in humans who lack CCR5 expression (CCR5-?32/?32 ...
We investigated the impact of systemically injected IL-2 (2.5?g/kg, i.p.) on serotonergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission in various cortical areas by in-vivo microdialysis. IL-2 lastingly reduced extracellular 5-HT levels in the medial prefrontal (-75%), occipital (-70%), and temporal ...
Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is one of the human cancers most responsive to immunotherapy, and local interleukin-2 (IL-2) production appears to be an important requirement for immunotherapy to be effective. In this study, we engineered two human bladder cancer cell lines (RT112 and EJ) to constitutively release human ...
Intermittent interleukin (IL)-2 administration to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infected patients is well documented and generally used, but there is limited information about the changes of acute-phase protein (APP) levels in response to this treatment. Fifteen patients undergoing highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) ...
The antiinflammatory agent sulfasalazine (SS) is prescribed to treat Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Activated T cells are present within diseased mucosal and synovial sites. We tested whether SS or its metabolites 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and sulfapyridine (SP) inhibited the T-cell activation products interleukin 2 ...
Extensive clinical experience has shown that systemic interleukin (IL)-2 administration can induce complete or partial regression of renal cell cancer (RCC) metastases in 15 to 20 % of patients. Since IL-2 has no direct anti-cancer effects, it is believed that cancer regression is mediated either by a direct ...
Transduction of the human interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene into tumor cells was carried out in order to develop a new immunotherapy for advanced head and neck carcinomas with a poor outcome. We transduced the IL-2 gene into KB cells, a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line, using a defective herpes simplex viral (HSV) amplicon vector as a gene transfer ...
Interleukin (IL)-2 interacts with two types of functional receptors (IL-2R??? and IL-2R??) and acts on a broad range of target cells involved in inflammatory reactions and immune responses. For the first time, we show that a chemically synthesized fragment of the IL-2 sequence can fold into a molecule mimicking the ...
BackgroundTreatment of HIV-infected patients with interleukin-2 (IL-2) produces significant increases in CD4 T cell counts; however an associated qualitative improvement in cells function has yet to be conclusively demonstrated. By measuring mycobacterial killing activity, we evaluated IL-2-mediated functional ...
One of the main problems of conventional anticancer therapy is multidrug resistance (MDR), whereby cells acquire resistance to structurally and functionally unrelated drugs following chemotherapeutic treatment. One of the main causes of MDR is overexpression of the P-glycoprotein transporter. In addition to extruding the chemotherapeutic drugs, it also inhibits apoptosis through the inhibition of ...
To evaluate the role of cellular infiltrates in CNS demyelination in immunocompetent mice, we have used a model of multiple sclerosis (MS) in which different strains of mice are infected with a recombinant HSV-1 expressing IL-2. Histologic examination of the mice infected with HSV-IL-2 demonstrates that natural killer cells, dendritic cells, B cells, and ...
Cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) is an autosomal recessive disease of unknown etiology characterized by metaphyseal dysostosis, unpigmented hair, and defective cellular immunity. We studied peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of a boy with CHH and combined immunodeficiency in an attempt to characterize further the immune defect in this disease. Stimulation of his PBMC with mitogens was ...
Development of reliable diagnostic bio-markers for schizophrenia remains a diagnostic challenge. Serum NGF and IL-2 were analyzed to examine the diagnostic efficiency and predictive capability of these two biomarkers in relation to schizophrenia diagnosis. Thirty neuroleptic na�ve subjects with first-episode schizophrenia, thirty patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and twenty-eight ...
... Glycolipids Expression IL-2+anti-IL-2 anti-IL-2Mab ... Glycolipids were extracted following a protocol described earlier [20]. Freshly harvested or ...
Citation Akyol S, C?nar SA, Purisa S, Aydinli K. Relationship between lymphocytes, IL2 and the hormones E2, LH, PRG and FSH in menopausal and postmenopausal women. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 66: 304-309 Problem? In this baseline study, our aim is to show the relationship of parameters and gonad hormones in menopausal and postmenopausal women. Method? Blood ...
Recently, prolongation of cardiac allograft survival in mice was reported using a rat anti-IL-2R mAb (AMT-13). However, its immunosuppressive action in vivo, alone and in combination with other immunosuppressants, and its effect on other organ transplants has not been extensively studied. We grafted cultured fetal pancreas from CBA (H-2k) donors to Balb/c ...
Compared with other T-helper subsets, Th17 cell numbers are very low in human blood but become elevated in chronic inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated mechanisms that may explain the frequent involvement of Th17 cells in autoimmune diseases such as uveitis. We compared Th17 and Th1 subsets and found that Th17 cells expressed lower IL-2 ...
The murine T-lymphoma cell line EL-4 was used to investigate the relative roles of interleukin-1 (IL-1), calcium, and activators of protein kinase C (PKC) in the induction of interleukin-2 (IL-2) secretion. EL-4 cells produced maximal levels of IL-2 in response to stimulation with 20 nM (but not 1 nM) phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). ...
BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of exhaustive exercise on proteins associated with muscle damage and regeneration, including IL-2, IL-4 and MyoD, in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles and mesenteric (MEAT) and retroperitoneal adipose tissues (RPAT).MethodsRats were killed by decapitation immediately (E0 group, ...
We have tested the feasibility of pluronic F-127 gel (PLF-127; a polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene surface active block copolymer) as a sustained release vehicle for topical administration of interleukin 2 (IL-2) in order to enhance the therapeutic effects of IL-2 against a rat fibrosarcoma, KMT-17. Injection of human DNA recombinant ...
The serum levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), gamma interferon (IFN-?), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-?), IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 of pneumonic plague patients were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IL-6 was the only elevated cytokine in the patients, and its level increased with a clear time course, ...
The nonlytic suppression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) production from infected CD4^+ T cells by CD8^+ lymphocytes from HIV-infected individuals is one of the most potent host-mediated antiviral activities observed in vitro. We demonstrate that the pleiotropic cytokine interleukin 2 (IL-2), but not IL-12, is a potent inducer of the CD8^+ HIV ...
An interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin-1-inducible, high-output pathway synthesizing nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine was recently identified in rodents. High-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy is known to induce the same cytokines in patients with advanced cancer. Therefore, we examined renal cell carcinoma (RCC; n = 5) and malignant ...
Decreased IL-2 production in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) represents a central component of the disease immunopathology. We report that the message, protein, and enzymatic activity of the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2Ac), but not PP1, are increased in patients with SLE regardless of disease activity and treatment and in a ...
Abnormalities in immune response play a major role in the increased susceptibility to infection after hemorrhage and trauma. Several studies have shown decreased release in vitro of interleukin-2 (IL-2) following blood loss. To better define in vivo the interactions between T and B cells, as well as the effects of treatment with the T cell-derived ...
The expression of CD3 molecules by the lymphocytes of five patients with ataxia-telangiectasia was examined using the murine monoclonal antibody OKT3. By immunofluorescent staining, fewer of the patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells and purified T cells expressed CD3 compared with normals. The proliferative response of the patients' cells to OKT3 was also less than normal. However, the ...
Ethical considerations constrain the in vivo study of human hemopoietic stem cells (HSC). To overcome this limitation, small animal models of human HSC engraftment have been used. We report the development and characterization of a new genetic stock of IL-2R common gamma-chain deficient NOD/LtSz-scid (NOD-scid IL2Rgamma(null)) mice and document their ...
Significant decreases in the fraction of lymphocytes that are CD4(+) and increases in serum levels of some classes of immunoglobulin have been reported to occur in atomic bomb (A-bomb) survivors and in victims of the Chernobyl nuclear plant accident. To investigate the long-term effects of nuclear radiation on cellular immunity in more detail, we used limiting dilution assays ...
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium preferentially colonizes tumors in vivo and has proven to be an effective biologic vector. The attenuated S. enterica Typhimurium strain chi4550 was engineered to express truncated human interleukin-2 and renamed SalpIL2. Previously, we observed that a single oral administration of SalpIL2 reduced tumor number and ...
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium preferentially colonizes tumors in vivo and has proven to be an effective biologic vector. The attenuated S. enterica Typhimurium strain ?4550 was engineered to express truncated human interleukin-2 and renamed SalpIL2. Previously, we observed that a single oral administration of SalpIL2 reduced tumor number and ...
Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are considered to be immunologically mediated disorders that share certain features with murine models of colitis. Whether any of these models are physiologically relevant to the human condition remains controversial. The hypothesis is that increased amounts of antibodies neutralizing transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, interleukin ...
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) at high doses or at low doses in concert with lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells can produce regression of established pulmonary and hepatic metastases from a variety of tumors in mice. IL-2 appears to mediate its antitumor effect through the generation of LAK cells in vivo from endogenous ...
Little is known about the manipulation of IL-17 producing CD4+ T cells (TH17) on a per-cell basis in humans in vivo. Previous studies on the effects of IL-2 on IL-17 secretion in non-HIV models have shown divergent results. We hypothesized that IL-2 would mediate changes in IL-17 levels among recently HIV-1-infected adults receiving anti-retroviral ...
BACKGROUND: Both systemic and mucosal IgA production are controlled by T lymphocytes and infiltrating T lymphocytes are involved in the progression of interstitial fibrosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Since the concentration of soluble interleukin-2 receptor alfa (sIL-2Ra) reflects the degree of T cell activation over time, we studied the impact of ...
Introduction:Cancer stems from mutations in specific genes that induce uncontrolled cell proliferation. Dendritic cells (DCs) are important immunologic cells and play a crucial role in the induction of an antitumour response.Patients and methods:We examined the immune response mediated by T lymphocytes, helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, and regulatory T cells, as well as the cytokines ...
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a cytokine that regulates proliferation, differentiation and survival of various lymphoid cell subsets. Its actions are mediated through its binding to the IL-2 receptor which is composed of three subunits (IL-2Ralpha, IL-2Rbeta and gamma(c)). Only ...
Recombinant Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is expressed in E. coli as insoluble aggregates; a protocol has been developed for solubilization, renaturation and purification of IL-2 from such aggregates at the 5-10-mg level. IL-2 aggregates were isolated from soluble proteins by centrifugation, subjected ...
Interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) can be detected in serum. We estimated the IL-2R in the serum of 78 women, of whom 30 were diagnosed as having malignant ovarian tumours, five had non ovarian tumours, one had a negative second look laparotomy, 11 had benign ovarian tumours, three had uterine fibroids and 28 were age-matched controls. The results indicated ...
Injection of purified human interleukin 2 (IL-2) directly into the spleen has been shown to potentiate the effect of specific chemoimmunotherapy, using butanol-extracted tumor-specific transplantation antigen (TSTA) and cyclophosphamide (CY) in a C3H/HeJ murine methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma model. Since ...
The addition of recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2) to anti-CD3-activated murine G0 phase T cells results in an increased level of tyrosine phosphorylation of a single 97-kDa protein. The degree of tyrosine phosphorylation paralleled the amount of rIL-2 added and correlated with the extent of DNA synthesis. ...
in ventral striatum (HOA > LOA) Post-mortem IL-2 mRNA levels in striatum (HOA acid (5-HIAA) in the prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and the dorsal striatum compared to LR rats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1547 4.1.1. High responder (HR) and low responder (LR) ...
We sought to examine the impact of the preferential activation of Th2 cells on the induction and maintenance of a tolerant state in heart allograft rat recipients treated with a short course of cyclosporine (CsA), sirolimus (SRL) or brequinar (BQR). A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to measure the levels of cytokine mRNAs, namely interferon ...
To study whether high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) has an effect on T-cell-mediated immunity secondary to burn injury, 96 male Wistar rats weighing 250 to 300 g were randomly divided into three groups as follows:sham burn group, burn group, and burn with ethyl pyruvate treatment group, and they were killed on postburn days (PBDs)1, 3, 5, and 7, respectively, with 8 animals at each time ...
A fluoroacetate-resistant mutant of Escherichia coli K-12 (MM-294) accumulated less acetate in the medium during growth to high cell density in fermentor cultures and was shown to be defective in its phosphotransacetylase activity. The mutant had an improved ability to continue growing during induction of interleukin-2 (IL-2) synthesis, and in fermentor ...
The essentiality of adequate copper (Cu) nutriture for normal T-cell function in laboratory and domestic animals is well established. However, specific biochemical roles of Cu in the maturation and activation of T cells have not been defined. Previous work showed that when cultures of splenic mononuclear cells (MNCs) from Cu-deficient rats were exposed to T-cell mitogens, DNA synthesis was ...
Artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) are an emerging technology to induce therapeutic cellular immunity without the need for autologous antigen-presenting cells. To fully replace natural APCs, an optimized aAPC must present antigen (signal 1), provide costimulation (signal 2) and release cytokine (signal 3). Here we demonstrate that the spatial and temporal characteristics of paracrine ...
lymphocytes and monocytes spontaneously respond to IL-2 whereas it is generally accepted that T and B-affinity IL-2R (hIL-2Rb/mouse IL-2Rcc). We noted that the B lymphocytes and monocytes from spleens of these h cell types including T and B lymphocytes, NK cells and ...
Protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) inhibits T-cell activation and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production. The PTPN22(gain-of-function)+1858T(+) genotypes predispose to multiple autoimmune diseases, including early-onset (non-thymomatous) myasthenia gravis (MG). The disease association and the requirement of IL-2/IL-2 receptor signaling ...
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is an intractable disease induced by various factors in humans. However, there is no universally effective treatment for ILD. In this study, we investigated the role of transforming growth factor (TGF)-? signalling in the pathogenesis of ILD by using model mice. Injection of interleukin (IL)-18 plus IL-2 in C57BL6 (B6) mice ...
Normal proliferation of T cells in vitro requires production of and response to the lymphokine interleukin 2 (IL-2). Optimal IL-2 production by T cells is dependent on the monokine interleukin 1 (IL-1). A 10-year-old male with recurrent infections and failure to thrive was evaluated for possible defects in the ...
Male Lewis rats were nursed by dams fed a semipurified diet containing either adequate or deficient copper (Cu) after parturition and weaned to the identical diet. At eight weeks of age, splenic mononuclear cells (MNC) were isolated and blastogenic response to PHA was determined in the presence and absence of partially purified rat IL-2. PHA-induced ...
While the acute phase reaction to infection is associated with hyperglycemia, during progressing infection hypoglycemia can develop. The cytokines regulating the dynamics of host defense may concurrently contribute to blood glucose regulation. To examine this hypothesis, changes in blood glucose concentrations in healthy men were compared following administration of interleukin-2 ...
It has been reported in a few studies that alexithymia is associated with impaired immune response but results are still contradictory. The present study investigates whether alexithymia is associated with lower cell-mediated (Th-1) immune response. Fifty-one healthy 18-27-year-old women were selected from healthy subjects on the basis of high or low cut-off scores on the 20-item Toronto ...
Cyclosporine (CyS) has been shown to inhibit activation of human T lymphocytes. A cascade of interactions involving Interleukin 2 (IL2), Interleukin 2 receptor (IL2R) and transferrin receptor (TR) is necessary for activation. In studies using peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from healthy donors, the ...
T-cell activation and induction of interleukin-2 (IL-2) expression in human T lymphocytes require both interaction of foreign antigen with the T-cell antigen receptor and protein kinase C (PKC) stimulation. Agents such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) that stimulate PKC augment the effects of antigen but are not sufficient for IL-2 activation. By ...
A successful pregnancy is characterised by an increase in Th2 cytokines and suppression of Th1 cytokine production. A Th1 to Th2 cytokine shift is also observed in the disease progression of HIV infection. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) suppresses HIV viremia, increases CD4+ cell counts and counteracts the Th1 to Th2 shift. We hypothesised that the increased risk of premature ...
Control of viral replication to below the level of quantification using combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) [cART] has led to a dramatic fall in mortality and morbidity from AIDS. However, despite the success of cART, it has become apparent that many patients do not achieve normalized CD4+ T-cell counts despite virological suppression to below the ...
Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were irradiated with 1 to 40 Gy of (gamma)-ray, and then cultured with PHA to prepare supernatant containing IL-2 for observation of kinetics of endogenous IL-2 production and reversion of lymphocyte proliferation after ...
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Various studies have shown that dietary glutamine can modify the course of an immune response, through altering the release of cytokines. Nutritional supplementation of glutamine may therefore be of advantage to patients, particularly those with compromised immunity. Given that polymorphisms in cytokine genes can also affect cytokine levels, we have undertaken a study to ...
... TITLE: Randomized Trial of Interleukin-2 (IL-2) as Early Consolidation Following Marrow Ablation Therapy with Stem Cell Rescue for Metastatic ...
Lymphocyte activation requires signal transduction mediated by reversible phosphorylation. Changing profiles of phosphorylated intermediates relate to the progressive series of transduction pathways in cells moving from G0 to G1, and thereafter through the cell cycle. We have previously shown that transient inhibition of the serine/threonine protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A by okadaic acid ...
Natural killer (NK) cells are a subset of lymphocytes that are capable of killing tumor cells, virally infected cells and antibody coated cells. Tributyltin (TBT) is a toxic chemical used for various industrial purposes such as: slime control in paper mills, disinfection of circulating industrial cooling waters, anti-fouling agents, and the preservation of wood. TBT can be found in edible items ...
Twenty-four patients with metastatic colorectal cancer were treated with recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2) by continuous intravenous infusion for 5 days (18 x 10(6) U/m2 per 24 h), followed by three injections of 5-fluorouracil (600 mg/m2) and folinic acid (25 mg/m2) at weekly intervals. The response to treatment was ...
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether dendritic cells (DCs) transfected with human secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine (hSLC) and human interleukin-2 (hIL-2) genes are capable of improving DC's proliferation and to produce a marked antitumor effect in vitro combined with T-lymphocyte (TC). Methods: SLC gene primer was designed based ...
Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that acute alcohol/ethanol (EtOH) intoxication combined with burn injury suppresses T cell IL-2 and IFN-gamma production by inhibiting p38 and ERK activation. Because IL-12 plays a major role in Th1 differentiation and IFN-gamma production, we examined whether diminished ...
We previously reported the isolation of allergen-specific Th2 lines and clones from atopy patch test (APT) sites of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. Upon stimulation with allergen or anti-CD3+ phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) IL-4 was released with or without IL-5, while no (or extremely low concentrations of) IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were ...
Six-week-old C57B1/6 female mice were fed a normal (24% protein) or an isocaloric but protein-deficient (4% protein) diet. At different time periods after the initiation of diets, basal natural killer (NK) activity, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and concanavalin-A (Con-A)-induced cytotoxic activity, Con-A-induced IL-2 ...
Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) begins as a sensitizing cell-mediated immune response to beryllium antigen that progresses to granulomatous lung disease. Previous studies demonstrated the involvement of proinflammatory cytokines in the disease process, but the pattern and regulation of cytokine release is unknown. Using bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells from CBD patients in short-term tissue ...
Exercise is a paradigm of a stress situation. The adaptive response to stressors comprises the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and components of the autonomic sympathetic system. An aseptic inflammatory reaction is triggered by exercise, involving the stimulation of the so-called proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor ? (TNF?), interleukin-1 (IL-1), ...
Angiogenesis is a crucial step in the growth and metastasis of cancers. Antiangiogenic activity of nomilin was studied using in vivo as well as in vitro models. Nomilin significantly inhibited tumor directed capillary formation. Serum proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1?, IL-6, TNF-? and GM-CSF and also serum NO levels were significantly reduced by the treatment of nomilin. ...
The present study aims to examine the effect of zinc supplementation on the release of some cytokines in young wrestlers actively involved in wrestling. A total of 40 male subjects of the same age group were included in the study: half were wrestlers and the other half were not involved in sports. The subjects were equally divided into four groups and treated during an 8-week period as follows: ...
The induction of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells with low levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) was studied in long-term cultures with regard to the relationship between cytotoxicity and proliferation. Proliferation of LAK cells reduced their cytolytic activity, which was restored when proliferation stagnated. In order to explain this ...
in intracellular NAD levels was mirrored by a reduced capacity to produce TNF (and interleukin-6 (IL-6(ng�g�1 prot.) NAD(ng�g �1 prot.) TNF(pgml �1 ) IL-6(ngml �1 ) NAD(ng�g�1 prot.) NAD(ng�g �1 prot 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 Fraction number 12 141618 0 2 500 TNF IL-2 IL-6 500 400 300 200 100 0 400 300 200 100
Persistence of effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) during an immunological response is critical for successfully controlling a viral infection or tumor growth. Various cytokines are known to play an important part in regulating the immune response. The IL-2 family of cytokines that includes IL-2 and IL-15 are known to function as growth and survival ...
The T cell line Jurkat can be induced to produce interleukin-2 (IL-2) in vitro by a combination of two stimuli: (1) A stimulus that increases cytoplasmic free Ca/sup + +/ concentration plus (2) phorbol ester (PMA). No. IL-2 production is induced with either stimulus alone. The T cell line HUT 78 responds to the ...
A plasmid DNA vaccine candidate (pCEIS) encoding two foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) VP1 epitopes (amino acid residues 141-160 and 200-213) has been demonstrated to have the ability to elicit both FMDV-specific T cell proliferation and neutralizing antibody against FMD in swine. In this study, the efficiency of the pCEIS DNA vaccine when administrated by intramuscularly injection in swine was ...
ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Lymphocyte homeostasis is dependent on the gammac cytokines. We hypothesised that sepsis in humans is associated with differential gene expression of the gammac cytokines and their associated apoptosis mediators. METHODS: 60 patients with severe sepsis, 15 with gram negative bacteraemia, 10 healthy controls and 60 patients undergoing elective lung resection surgery. ...
In-vitro-generated lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells of BALB/c mice, bearing the syngeneic colon carcinoma C-26 for 7 days, were as efficient as those from normal mice in lysing C-26 cells whereas LAK cells from 14-day tumor-bearing and 5- and 14-day tumor-resected animals had a lower C-26 cytotoxicity. The level of C-26 lysis returned to normal values 30 days after ...
The effects of both garlic (Allium sativum) and onion (Allium cepa) on some biochemical parameters in Schistosoma mansoni infected mice individually and mixed either with or without the currently used drug, praziquantel (PZQ) were investigated. These involved some immunological parameters, namely IgM, IgG, interleukins 2 and 6 (IL-2 and 6) and tumor ...
Meningococcal A and C but not B capsular polysaccharides stimulated a low level primary antibody response, predominantly IgM, and no secondary response in 21-day-old CBA/A mice. However, in 56-day-old mice a higher proportion of IgG antibody and a secondary response were produced. When the polysaccharides were injected in conjunction with rDNA derived human interleukin 2 ...
In nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice with overt new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), short-term treatment with a �triple-therapy� regimen [rapamycin plus agonist IL-2-related and antagonist-type, mutant IL-15-related Ig fusion proteins (IL-2.Ig and mutIL-15.Ig)] halts autoimmune destruction of ...
AbstractThis study analyzes immunologic markers to predict and diagnose tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) in HIV and TB coinfected adults who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Thailand. T helper 1 cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12, and interferon-gamma (IFN-?) levels in response to ...
Stephanoside E (STE) and its aglycone Stephanthraniline A (STA) isolated from the stems of Stephanotis mucronata (Blanco) Merr. were evaluated for their suppressive potentials on Th1 and Th2 immune responses in vitro, and the effects of the C-3 sugar chains on their activities were discussed. STE and STA significantly inhibited Con A and LPS-induced splenocyte proliferation, and reduced the ...
Arylamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, such as 2-aminofluorene (AF) and benzo (a) pyrene (BP) are activated by P450 enzymes to form intermediates capable of DNA-binding. BP is immunosuppressive and its metabolites form DNA-adducts in lymphocytes, however information for AF is lacking. Hamster spleen cells were cultured with concanavalin A (conA), a T cell mitogen, and interleukin-2 ...
Because of mechanisms of self-tolerance, many tumor-specific CD8 T cells exhibit low avidity for tumor antigens and would benefit from strategies that enhance their numbers and effector function. Here we demonstrate that the combined use of two different types of immune adjuvants, one that directly targets the CD8 cell, ...
Recent evidence indicates that the secreted Helicobacter pylori vacuolating toxin (VacA) inhibits the activation of T cells. VacA blocks IL-2 secretion in transformed T cell lines by suppressing the activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). In this study, we investigated the effects of VacA on primary human CD4+ T ...
Generation of transgene-specific immune responses can constitute a major complication following gene therapy treatment. An in vivo approach to inducing selective expansion of Regulatory T (Treg) cells by injecting interleukin-2 (IL-2) mixed with a specific IL-2 monoclonal antibody (JES6-1) was adopted to modulate ...
Dysregulation of cytokines secreted by T cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AIDS. To investigate the effects of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat on interleukin-2 (IL-2) expression, we used IL-2 promoter-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase constructs and IL-2-secreting Jurkat T ...
The effect of 0-400 rad /sup 60/Co gamma-ray doses on distinct steps in the process of murine T-cell activation by concanavalin A (Con A) was investigated. When C57BL/6 spleen cells were stimulated immediately after irradiation, production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) was not impaired. Concomitantly, the display of IL-2 receptors in Con ...
In this study we have examined intracellular cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of MS patients by flow cytometry (cytokine flow cytometry). MS progressive patients showed an increased number of cells producing interferon-gamma (IFN-?) after activation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin, compared with patients with clinically inactive forms (P < 0001) and with ...
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase regulates many cellular processes in almost all eukaryotic cell types. In T cells, p38 was shown to regulate thymic development and cytokine production. Here, the role of p38 on interleukin-2 (IL-2) production by human peripheral blood CD4+ T cells was examined. When T cells were stimulated under weak stimulation ...
Recently, attention has been focused on the role for dendritic cells (DCs) in the promotion of peripheral tolerance. It is currently believed that the maturation/activation state of DCs might be a control point for the induction of graft tolerance through modifications of the activation state of T cells. We have observed IL-2, and IL-2 receptor gene ...
The level of the in vitro proliferative response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to the OKT3 monoclonal antibody is directly related to the level of monocyte representation in the cell population. The responses to OKT3 stimulation of PBMC obtained from different individual are difficult to interpret due to variable percentage ...
PurposeRecurrence of high-risk neuroblastoma is common despite multimodality therapy. ch14.18, a chimeric human/murine anti-GD2 antibody, lyses neuroblastoma cells. This study determined the maximum tolerable dose (MTD) and toxicity of ch14.18 given in combination with interleukin-2 (IL-2) after high-dose chemotherapy (HDC)/stem-cell ...
Interleukin 15 (IL-15) is critical for the development of human and murine natural killer (NK) cells and hepatic-derived NK T cells (NKT) in mice, and for the homeostatic maintenance of NK/NKT and CD8+ memory T cells. The lymphocyte repertoire of an adult human liver includes significant populations of NK and NKT-like cells, which may arise locally from hepatic ...
Radiolabeled recombinant human interleukin-2 (IL-2) was successfully encapsulated in both mouse and sheep erythrocytes. Of the added IL-2, 70% was recovered bound to or encapsulated within the carrier cells. Erythrocytes containing IL-2 were stable in vitro and most of the ...
We prospectively investigated the effects of adding carvedilol to the standard treatment of ischemic and nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), by measuring the plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Sixty patients with DCM (35 ischemic and 25 nonischemic) were divided into 2 subgroups: patients on standard therapy alone (digoxin, angiotensin-converting enzyme ...
This study was aimed to investigate the expression level of perforin in cord blood NK cells and the relation of perforin expression after IL-2, IL-15 stimulation to cytotoxicity of NK cells. NK cells were isolated from cord blood MNC by depleting CD3(+) cells and then enriching CD56(+) cells using immunomagnetic separation (CD3 and ...
Hepatic metastases occur frequently in patients with colorectal cancer. Patients with advanced cancer should be followed carefully after curative resection of the primary lesions for the early detection of the recurrence. If hepatic metastasis is suspected on the basis of rising CEA levels, more sophisticated imaging techniques, such as ultrasound, computed tomography, ...
L19-IL2 and L19TNFalpha are fusion proteins composed of L19(scFv), specific for the angiogenesis-associated ED-B containing fibronectin isoform and IL-2 or TNFalpha. Because of the tumor targeting properties of L19, IL-2 and TNFalpha concentrate at therapeutic doses at the tumor vascular level. ...
IL-15 is critical for natural killer (NK)�cell development and function and for memory CD8+ T-cell homeostasis. The IL-15 receptor consists of IL-15R?, IL-2R?, and the common cytokine receptor ? chain (?c). IL-15R? is known to �trans-present� IL-15 to an IL-2R?/?c heterodimeric ...
The pathogenesis of pulmonary sarcoidosis has been related to an increased production of Th1-like cytokines. However, cytokine expression in sarcoidosis has not been systematically studied at a single-cell level. We therefore investigated the expression of IL-2, IL-4, IL-13, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?) and interferon-gamma (IFN-?) intracellularly in bronchoalveolar ...
The T-box transcription factor, T-bet promotes the differentiation of short-lived effector CD8+ T cells at the expense of central memory cells. How T-bet mediates these effects, and whether they are directly caused by T-bet alone are unknown, because expression of T-bet requires stimulation of the T cell by inflammatory and growth cytokines, which may have T-bet-independent ...
T-cell hybridomas specific for the synthetic polypeptide antigen L-glutamic acid/sup 60/-L-alanine/sup 30/-L-tyrosine/sup 10/ (GAT) release TsF spontaneously. Recent studies by Trial et al. have shown however that no more than 10% of the hybridoma cells display TsF or I-J determinants on their cell surface. Addition of interleukin 2 (IL-2) to Ts hybridomas ...
The proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) gene encodes an auxiliary factor of DNA polymerase delta and functions in DNA replication during S phase. It is expressed at much higher levels in proliferating cells than in quiescent cells. We have studied the regulatory role of the 5'-flanking sequence of the murine PCNA gene in interleukin 2 ...
Although phosphoantigen-specific V?2V?2 T cells appear to play a role in antimicrobial and anticancer immunity, mucosal immune responses and effector functions of these ?? T cells during infection or phospholigand treatment remain poorly characterized. In this study, we demonstrate that the microbial phosphoantigen (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP) plus ...
Natural suppressor (NS) cells isolated from the spleens of mice 34 or more days after induction of chronic graft-vs-host disease showed potent suppressor activity that was dependent on the presence of lymphokines such as those found in lectin-free Con A supernatant (CAS). Both IL 2 and IFN-..gamma.. were found to enhance NS activity, with IFN-..gamma.. ...
Infections with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in humans and in animal models are accompanied by enhanced natural killer (NK) activity. In vitro, HSV-1 also enhances the NK activity of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The molecular basis of this enhanced NK activity, however, is not well characterized. We investigated the role of human interleukin-15 (IL-15) in this phenomenon ...
Examination of sputum provides a direct method to investigate airway inflammation non-invasively in particular Th1 (IL-2, IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-10) cytokine production. IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-gamma cytokine were studied in induced sputum mononuclear cells of asthmatic patients. Sputum induction was ...
The authors examined peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 45 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma to determine natural killer (NK) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity after in vitro incubation with media alone or media plus interferon gamma (IFN, 200 U/ml) and/or interleukin-2 (IL-2, 100 U/ml). Our results show that lymphocytes from patients ...
T cell responses are determined by the environment in which antigen is encountered. In the absence of proper costimulation, anergizing stimuli induce the activation of a specific program of gene expression. Proteins encoded by these genes impose a state of functional unresponsiveness in anergic T cells through the activation of different mechanisms that include dampening of the T cell receptor ...
CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells have been implicated in the lack of effective antitumor immunity. Denileukin diftitox (DAB(389)IL-2), a fusion protein of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and diphtheria toxin, provides a means of targeting Treg cells. In this study, we examined (1) the effect of denileukin diftitox on ...
CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells have been implicated in the lack of effective antitumor immunity. Denileukin diftitox (DAB389IL-2), a fusion protein of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and diphtheria toxin, provides a means of ...
This study was undertaken to explain the molecular basis for the diverse pathology and clinical behavior of postthymic T cell malignancies. Total cellular RNAs were extracted from four HTLV-1 positive and ten HTLV-1-negative T cell lymphomas and cell lines, and investigated for homology with cloned DNA probes specific for interleukin-2 (IL-2), ...
Previous in vitro studies in our laboratory have shown that lymphocytes can influence macrophage adhesion and fusion on biomaterial surfaces. However, few studies have evaluated how material adherent macrophages can influence lymphocyte behavior, specifically T cells. In this study, we cultured human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors on three synthetic nonbiodegradable ...
The receptor for EBV, CD21 is expressed on a population of immature human thymocytes and facilitates infection of these cells by EBV. Thymocytes infected by EBV become responsive to exogenous rIL-2- or CD2-mediated stimulation in vitro. To address whether such costimulation may be provided by thymic presenting cells and to study the cellular effects of EBV ...
Abnormal dendritic cell (DC) differentiation and accumulation of immature myeloid suppressor cells (ImC) is one of the major mechanisms of tumor escape. We tested the possibility of pharmacological regulation of myeloid cell differentiation using all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). Eighteen patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were treated with ATRA followed by subcutaneous ...
BackgroundTai Chi Chuan (TCC) is an integrative medicine mind-body practice with a physical activity component that has positive effects on aerobic capacity, muscular strength, and quality of life among cancer survivors, similar to the effects elicited by other modes of moderate intensity exercise. Inflammatory cytokines, and insulin and insulin-related signaling molecules may contribute to weight ...
Study Type - Therapy (individual cohort) Level of Evidence?2b OBJECTIVE: �?To determine, in a phase I/II trial, the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), clinical activity and safety of concurrent subcutaneous (s.c.) interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-?2b (IFN-?) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). PATIENTS AND ...
