Maryland

College Park

05001 W-1 COLLEGE PARK MD

LOCATION: Montgomery Co., Md.; 5 mi. N. of College Park; Little Paint Branch, Northeast Branch Anacostia River, Potomac River Basin.
Latitude: 390332 Longitude: 765706

AREA: 8.22 ac.

DATES OF OPERATION: 09/01/39-12/31/54

ON-LINE:

MAPS: Topographic map

SHAPE: Roughly rectangular, about 325 ft. wide by 1,100 ft. long.

SLOPES: 8% is in 0-2% class; 49% in 2-5%; 43% in 5-10%. Aspect S-SW.

SOILS: Unconsolidated coastal plain deposits. 1 Beltsville loam 38%; 2 Leonardtown 32% & Berwyn 20% sil loams; Chillum gravelly loam 10%. Topsoil - 1, 2, 3 & 4 weak structure; 1, 2 & 4 av. 8 in.; 3 av. 22 in.; all moderate permeability. Subsoil - 1, 3 & 4 moderate medium subangluar blocky structure; 2 moderate medium platy structure; permeability, 1 & 3 moderately slow, 2 slow, 4 moderate. Permeability and av. depth to impeding stratum - 1, slow at 20 in.; 2, very slow at 17 in.; 3, slow at 29 in.; 4, moderately slow at 28 in. Internal drainage - 1 & 3 slow; 2 very slow; 4 medium.

EROSION: 2-80%; + - 20%.

LAND CAPABILITY: >II - 28%; III - 72%.

SURFACE DRAINAGE: Good - principal waterway 1,190 ft., average slope 2.5%; area is half of a natural watershed (W-2 is other half), overland flow to SW boundary where it is diverted by earth dikes to measuring station.

CHARACTER OF FLOW: Ephemeral, continuous. In winter, spring or periods of protracted precipitation, this watershed may have continuous flows for as long as a week from wet weather seep areas near weir.

INSTRUMENTATION: Runoff - 16" broad-crested concrete V-notch weir with 3:1 crest slope; 6 hr. chart, 24 hr. after Jan. 1947; precipitation - recording gage on dividing dike, 12 hr. chart.

WATERSHED CONDITIONS: Prior to 1939 - farmed as part of the cultivated field, usually in row crops, grain and hay, not on contour; 1939-45 and 1949-54 - farmed in 7 contour strips about 96 ft. wide, in rotation of corn, winter grain (generally wheat) and hay; 1946-48 - farmed in 3 fields up and down the slope in rotation of corn, wheat and hay. Acreage in corn or wheat varied from 29% to 32% of area for various years, - acreage in hay and permanent grass (channels, turning lands and dikes) varied from 38% to 41%. Average organic matter in topsoil plowed for corn, 1949-51, was 0.49%. Corn yields good except in summer droughts of 1941, 43 and 44, and wet springs and summers of 1950 and 53. Hay yields increased 60% in period 1946-54 over initial 6 years.

GENERALLY REPRESENTS: Sloping cultivated Norther Coastal Plain areas of moderate to very slow permeabilities, slow to very slow internal drainage, good surface drainage and moderate erosion in Eastern Maryland, Delaware and Southern New Jersey.

05002 W-2 COLLEGE PARK MD

LOCATION: Montgomery Co., Md.; 5 mi. N. of College Park; Little Paint Branch, Northeast Branch Anacostia River, Potomac River Basin.
Latitude: 390332 Longitude: 765706

AREA: 7.44 ac.

DATES OF OPERATION: 09/01/39-12/31/54

ON-LINE:

MAPS: Topographic map

SHAPE: Roughly rectangular, about 300 ft. wide by 1,100 ft. long.

SLOPES: 47% is in 2-5% class; 37% in 5-10%; 16% in 10-15%. Aspect E-SE.

SOILS: Unconsolidated coastal plain deposits. 1 Chillum loam & gravelly loam 40%; 2 Hyattsville loam 20%, 3 Berwyn silt loam 16%; 4 Beltsville loam 13%; 5 Croom gravelly loam 11%. Topsoil - 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5 weak structure; 1, 8 in. av.; 2, 31 in. av.; 3, 18 in. av.; 4, 9 in. av.; 5, 7 in. av.; all moderate permeability. Subsoil - 1, 2, 3 & 4 moderate medium subangular blocky structure; 5, no subsoil; permeability, 1 & 2 moderate, 3 & 4 moderately slow. Permeability and av. depth to impeding stratum - 1, moderately slow at 31 in.; 2, moderate at 48+ in. (no impedance); 3, slow at 18 in.; 4, slow at 22 in.; 5, moderate at 7 in. (no impedance). Internal drainage - 1, 2 & 5 medium; 3 & 4 slow.

EROSION: 2 - 59%; 3 - 5%; + - 36%.

LAND CAPABILITY: II - 59%; III - 25%; IV - 16%.

SURFACE DRAINAGE: Excellent - principal waterway 1,240 ft. average slope 2.7%; area is lower half of a natural watershed (adjacent to W-1), overland flow to SE boundary where it is diverted by earth dikes to measuring station.

CHARACTER OF FLOW: Ephemeral, continuous.

INSTRUMENTATION: Runoff - 16" broad-crested concrete V-notch weir with 3:1 crest slope, 6 hr. chart; precipitation - recording gage on dividing dike, 12 hr. chart.

WATERSHED CONDITIONS: Prior to 1939 the gentler slopes were farmed as part of a cultivated field usually in row crops, grain and hay, not on contour, the steeper slopes had been allowed to grow up in grass and brush, which were cleared in 1938; 1939-42 - farmed in 6 contour strips about 96' wide in a 3 year rotation of corn, winter grain (generally wheat) and hay; 1943-45 - farmed in 3 fields planted up and down the slope in rotation of corn, wheat and hay. Acreage in corn or wheat varied from 26 to 32% of watershed area fr various years, - acreage in hay and permanent grass (channels, turning lands and dikes) varied from 38 to 45%. Average organic matter in topsoil plowed for corn, 1949-51, was 0.63%. Corn yields good to excellent except wet spring of 1953. Hay yields doubled 1946-54 over initial 6 years.

GENERALLY REPRESENTS:   Sloping cultivated Northern Coastal Plain areas of moderate to slow permeabilities, medium to slow internal drainage, excellent surface drainage and moderate erosion in Eastern Maryland, Delaware and Southern New Jersey.

05003 W-3 COLLEGE PARK MD

LOCATION: Prince Georges Co., Md.; 5 mi. N. of College Park; Little Paint Branch, Northeast Branch Anacostia River, Potomac River Basin.
Latitude: 390303 Longitude: 765645

AREA: 5.66, 6.06, 5.02 ac.

DATES OF OPERATION: 10/01/39-01/31/55

ON-LINE:

MAPS: None Available

SHAPE: Roughly rectangular, 300 ft. wide by 880 ft. long.

SLOPES: 9% is in 0-2% class; 59% in 2-5%; 32% in 5-10%. Aspect N-NW.

SOILS: Unconsolidated coastal plain deposits. 1 Sassafras sandy loam 67%; 2 Sassafras loam 19%; 3 Hyattsville loam and silt loam 9%; 4 Chillum loam 5%. Topsoil - all wear structure; 1, 9 in. av.; 2, 11 in. av.; 3, 20 in. av.; 4, 13 in. av.; 1 moderately rapid permeability; 2, 3 & 4 moderate. Subsoil - moderate medium subangular blocky structure; all moderate permeability. Permeability and av. depth to substratum - 1, rapid at 24 in.; 2, rapid at 27+ in.; 3, moderate at 48+ in.; 4, moderately slow at 38 in. Internal drainage - 1, 2, 3 & 4 medium.

EROSION: 1 - 10%; 2 - 80%; + - 10%.

LAND CAPABILITY: I - 8%; II - 60%; III - 32%.

SURFACE DRAINAGE: Excellent - principal waterway 1290 ft., average slope 2.1%; area is eastern portion of a 17 acre natural watershed (W-4 is another adjacent portion) defined by dikes or terraces; overland flow to NW cover where it is directed by earth dikes to gaging station. Weir flow rates corrected for pondage back of weir.

CHARACTER OF FLOW: Ephemeral, continuous.

INSTRUMENTATION: Runoff - 16" broad-crested concrete weir with 3:1 crest slope, 6 hr. chart; precipitation - recording gage on dividing dike in common with W-4, 12 hr. chart.

WATERSHED CONDITIONS: The 5.66 acre area had been in cultivation for many years, but was in pasture and grazed by horses when measurements were started in 1939. It was left in common pasture 18 months. In April 1941, the area was increased to 6.06 acres by extending the weir dike easterly to square up the drainage area and make it equal to W-4, and was plowed and drilled to soybeans up and down the slope. These were later disked down and a winter cover of rye established. In 1942, sweet corn was planted up and down the slope, the stalk disked down and winter cover of rye again provided. In 1943-44 lima beans in 42" rows were planted on the contour, with rye winter cover. In September 1944, 4 cropland terraces were built by moldboard plow and the upper terrace diverted outside, reducing the drainage area to 5.02 acres. Corn, peas and grain were planted in 1945. From 1946 to 54, raspberries were grown on 40 to 60% of the area (no winter cover) and the rest of the area was in grass. Truck yields ranged from excellent in wet summers to poor in dry years.

GENERALLY REPRESENTS:   Sloping cultivated Northern Coastal Plain areas of moderately slow to rapid permeabilities, medium internal drainage, excellent surface drainage and moderate erosion in eastern Maryland, Delaware and southern New Jersey.

05004 W-4 COLLEGE PARK MD

LOCATION: Prince Georges Co., Md.; 5 mi. N. of College Park; Little Paint Branch Anacostia River, Potomac River Basin.
Latitude: 390303 Longitude: 765645

AREA: 8.01, 6.11, 5.03 ac.

DATES OF OPERATION: 10/01/39-01/31/55

ON-LINE:

MAPS: None Available

SHAPE: Roughly triangular, 870 ft. altitude on 570 ft. base.

SLOPES: Unconsolidated coastal plain deposits. 1 Chillum loam 37%; 2 Sassafras loam 29%; 3 Hyattsville loam & silt loam 25%; 4 Sassafras sandy loam 9%. Topsoil - all weak structure; 1, 11 in. av.; 2, 9 in. av.; 3, 27 in. av.; 4, 24 in. av.; 1, 2 & 3 moderate permeability; 4, moderately rapid. Subsoil - all moderate medium subangular blocky structure; all moderate permeability. Permeability and av. depth to substratum - 1, moderately slow at 40 in.; 2, rapid at 23 in.; 3, moderate at 48+ in.; 4, rapid at 35 in. Internal drainage - 1, 2, 3 & 4 medium.

EROSION: 1 - 7%; 2 - 63%; + - 30%.

LAND CAPABILITY: I - 11%; II - 20%; III - 66%; IV - 3%.

SURFACE DRAINAGE: Excellent - principal waterway (for 6.11 acres) 990 ft. average slope 2.5%; area is lower portion of a 17 acre natural watershed (W-3 is another adjacent portion) defined by a diversion terrace halfway up the slope; overland flow to NE boundary where earth dikes divert it to gaging station. Weir flow rates corrected for pondage back of weir.

INSTRUMENTATION: Runoff - 16" broad-crested concrete V-notch weir with 3:1 crest slope; 6 hr. chart; precipitation - recording gage on dividing dike in common with W-3, 12 hr. chart.

WATERSHED CONDITIONS: Runoff from about 2.8 acres at the top of the northeastward slope had been diverted in 1938 by a 940 ft. terrace into a gully north of this experimental area. The 8.01 acre area remaining had been cultivated for many years, but was in pasture and grazed by horses when measurements were started in 1939. It was left in common pasture for the first 18 months of record (as was the adjacent W-3). In April 1941, it was further reduced in size to 6.11 acres, by constructing a second terrace below the first draining to the same gully, then plowed and drilled to soy beans which were disked in and a winter cover of rye established. In 1942, a crop of sweet corn was planted on the contour with rye winter cover. In 1943-4 lima beans in 42" rows were grown up and down the slope with winter rye. In 1944, the area was reduced to 5.03 acres and planted to corn, peas and grain in 1945. From 1946 to 1954, strawberries and raspberries were grown on 40 to 60% of the area with the rest in grass. Truck yields ranged from excellent in wet summers to poor in dry years.

GENERALLY REPRESENTS:   Sloping cultivated Northern Coastal Plain areas of moderately slow to rapid permeabilities, medium internal drainage, excellent surface drainage and moderate erosion in eastern Maryland, Delaware and southern New Jersey.

05005 W-5 COLLEGE PARK MD

LOCATION: Montgomery Co., Md.; 5 mi. N. of College Park; Little Pain Branch, Northeast Branch Anacostia River, Potomac River Basin.
Latitude: 390332 Longitude: 765706

AREA: 4.07 ac.

DATES OF OPERATION: 12/31/39-12/31/54

ON-LINE:

MAPS: Not Available

SHAPE: Long “S”, 200 to 120 ft. wide by 1,000 ft. long.

SLOPES: 31% is in 2-5% class; 48% in 5-10%; 21% in 10-15%. Aspect E-NE.

SOILS: Unconsolidated coastal plain deposits. Chillum loam 40%; Chillum gravelly loam 60%. Topsoil - weak structure, av. 9 in.; moderate permeability. Subsoil - moderate medium subangular blocky structure; moderate permeability. Average depth to impeding substratum - 28 in.; permeability moderately slow. Internal drainage - medium.

EROSION: 2 - 100%.

LAND CAPABILITY: II - 31%; III - 48%; IV - 21%.

SURFACE DRAINAGE: Excellent - principal waterway vegetated diversion terrace 1,000 ft. plus 150 ft. to remote point; channel slopes: 0.6% for 200 ft., then 0.4% for 800 ft. Parabolic channel 21 to 15 ft. wide, 1.2 to 0.7 ft. deep, with 15 ft. grass filter strip above. Flow modified by channel storage.

CHARACTER OF FLOW: Ephemeral, continuous.

INSTRUMENTATION: Runoff - galvanized metal flume, Type H, 3 ft. deep, 6 hr. chart to 1950, then 24 hr. chart; precipitation - recording gage 500 ft. NE on dividing dike between W-1 & W-2, 12 hr. chart.

WATERSHED CONDITIONS: Prior to 1938 - farmed as part of cultivated field, usually in row crops, grain and hay, not on contour; 1000 ft. diversion terrace constructed in 1938; 1939-46 - contour tillage in 3 fields in corn or sorghum, winter grain and hay; 1947-54 - alternate odd years all in corn planted on 8-inch ridge rows on 1% grade draining 500 ft. from middle to each end of terrace interval, even years planted to annual lespedeza with ridges leveled. Organic matter in topsoil averaged .57% in 1949 and 51 tests. Crop yields were excellent to good.

GENERALLY REPRESENTS:   Sloping cultivated Northern Coastal Plain areas of moderate to moderately slow permeabilities, medium internal drainage, excellent surface drainage and moderate erosion in eastern Maryland, Delaware and southern New Jersey.

05006 W-6 COLLEGE PARK MD

LOCATION: Montgomery Co., Md.; 5 mi. N. of College Park; Little Paint Branch, Northeast Branch Anacostia River, Potomac River Basin.
Latitude: Longitude:

AREA: 3.53 ac.

DATES OF OPERATION: 09/01/40-12/31/62

ON-LINE:

MAPS: Topographic map

SHAPE: Roughly rectangular, 180 to 250 ft. wide by 770 ft. long.

SLOPES: 16% is in 2-5% class; 80% in 5-10%; 4% in 10-15%. Aspect NE.

SOILS: Coastal plain soils; derived from unconsolidated silty, sandy, and gravelly materials or deposits in which some compact layers have developed in certain subsoils, the position of which largely determines the degree of restriction, if any, in the profile drainage and water storage capacity of specific soils.

GEOLOGY: Watershed lies near the westward extent of the Coastal Plain sediments of the Cretaceous age which dip approximately 50 feet to the mile southeast. Alluvial fan deposits comprise 100 percent of the surface area. For a general description of the surface and underlying geologic formations and their hydrologic properties, see lower table on page 5.7-1 of this volume, which is deemed to apply to this watershed as well as to the adjacent W-7 watershed.

EROSION: 2 - 93%; + - 7%.

LAND CAPABILITY: II - 16%; III - 80%; IV - 4%.

SURFACE DRAINAGE: Excellent - principal waterway 730 ft. average slope 4.8%; area is the lower, steeper portion of a natural watershed with higher flat land diverted by intercepting terrace; overland flow over irregular topography to NE boundary where earth dikes divert it to flume; negligible pondage back of flume.

CHARACTER OF FLOW: Ephemeral, continuous.

INSTRUMENTATION: Runoff - galvanized metal flume, Type H, 3 ft. deep; 6 hr. chart to 1950, then 24 hr. chart; precipitation - recording gage on dividing dike between W-6 and adjacent W-7, 12 hr. chart.

WATERSHED CONDITIONS: Prior to 1940 area had been cropped for many years by off contour tillage until lower portion was abandoned due to active gullying. In 1940, trees, brush and vines were removed from this area, the gully filled in and a dividing dike built in its place to form 2 adjacent pastures, W-7 lying to the north. Pasture seeded in summer of 1940 to bluegrass-white clover mixture. From 1940 to 1955 area was subjected to continual heavy grazing by cattle, with program of ordinary fertilization and liming. Average herbage yields determined during 4 summers by mowing growth under 4 x 4 ft. cages at 5 representative locations: 1942, 0.71 tons per acre, 92 days; 1944, 0.28 T/A, 98 days; 1945, 1.6 T/Z, 125 days; 1946, 1.07 T/A, 110 days. Soil loss July - Dec. 1951, 46 pounds. Due to inadequate culvert, part of flow from 4 acres of plot land overtopped boundary terrace in 1951, 52, 53, 54 and 55, which increased the flows registered at the flume.

GENERALLY REPRESENTS:   Northern Coastal Plain problem area (Al) redesignated Northern Coastal Plain land resource area (S-149) in southern New Jersey, northern Delaware, eastern Maryland and eastern Virginia.

05007 W-7 COLLEGE PARK MD

LOCATION: Montgomery Co., Md; 5 mi. N. of College Park; Little Paint branch, Northeast Branch Anacostia River, Potomac River Basin.
Latitude: Longitude:

AREA: 4.11, 3.52 ac.

DATES OF OPERATION: 09/01/40-12/31/62

ON-LINE:

MAPS: Topographic map

SHAPE: Triangle, 310 ft. Base and altitude, plus rectangle, 410 by 250 ft.

SLOPES: 37% is in 2-5% class; 49% in 5-10%; 14% in 10-15%. Aspect SE.

SOILS: Coastal plain soils; derived from unconsolidated silty, sandy, and gravelly materials or deposits in which compact layers have generally developed at varying depths in the subsoil, the position in which largely determines the degree of restriction, if any, in the profile drainage and lowers the water storage capacity of the profile.

GEOLOGY:   Watershed lies near the westward extent of the Coastal Plain sediments which dip approximately 50 feet to the mil southeast. Alluvial fan deposits comprise 100 percent of the surface area.

EROSION: 2 - 78%; 3 - 6%; + - 16%.

LAND CAPABILITY: II - 31%; III - 55%; IV - 14%.

SURFACE DRAINAGE: Excellent, except 1943-51, when pasture contour furrows with occasional cross-dams were operating, which pocketed about 0.25 in. of runoff. Principal waterway 790 ft., average slope 4.4%; lower, steeper portion of a natural watershed with higher flat land diverted by a diversion terrace; overland flow over irregular topography to SE boundary where earth dikes direct the flow to flume; negligible pondage back of flume.

CHARACTER OF FLOW: Ephemeral, continuous.

INSTRUMENTATION: Runoff - galvanized metal flume, Type H, 3 ft. deep; 6 hr. chart to 1950, then 24 hr. chart; precipitation - recording gage on dividing dike between W-7 and adjacent W-6, 12 hr. chart.

WATERSHED CONDITIONS: Prior to 1940 area had been cropped for many years by off contour tillage until lower third was abandoned due to gullying. In 1940, trees, brush and vines were removed from this area, the gully filled in and a dividing dike built in its place to form two adjacent pastures. Drainage area of 4.11 acres was reduced to 3.52 acres on Aug. 29, 1941 (to equal W-6) by building dike across NE corner. Pasture seeded in summer of 1940 to bluegrass-white clover mixture. On May 3-4, 1943, 14 level pasture contour furrows were built by 2 strips of 16 in. plow, spacing 20 ft. apart on steepest slope, av. cross-section . 61 sp. ft. From 1940 to Mar. 7, 1951, pasture was subjected to continuous heavy grazing by cattle with program of ordinary fertilization and liming. Average herbage yields were determined by mowing growth under 4 x 4 ft. cages at 5 representative locations in 1942, av. yield .69 tons per acre. After furrows were established, 5 pairs of cages one above and one below the furrows showed average yields of .32 T/A in 98 days, 1944; 1.98 T/A in 125 days, 1945 and 1.5 T/A in 110 days, 1946. In Mar. 1951 furrows were plowed shut and pasture renovated in July & Aug. by disking and reseeding to orchard grass and tall clovers. Soil loss during renovation July-Dec. 1951 was 521 lbs. from 3.52 acres. Rotation grazing 1952-55.

GENERALLY REPRESENTS:   Northern Coastal Plain problem area (Al) redesignated Northern Coastal Plain land resource area (S-149) in southern New Jersey, northern Delaware, eastern Maryland and eastern Virginia.

05008 W-8 COLLEGE PARK MD

LOCATION: Montgomery Co., Md.; 5 mi. N. of College Park; Little Paint Branch, Northeast Branch Anacostia River, Potomac River Basin.
Latitude: Longitude:

AREA: 2.43 ac.

DATES OF OPERATION: 08/01/40-01/31/55

ON-LINE:

MAPS: Topographic map

SHAPE: Roughly elliptical, 240 ft. by 550 ft.

SLOPES: 19% is in 2-5% class; 72% in 5-10% ; 9% in 10-15%. Aspect SE.

SOILS: Unconsolidated coastal plain deposits. Beltsville silt loam 100%. Topsoil - weak structure, 10 in. av. depth; moderate permeability. Subsoil - moderate medium subangular blocky structure; permeability, moderately slow. Permeability and av. depth to impeding substratum - slow at 22 in. Internal drainage - slow.

EROSION: 1 - 91%; 2 - 9%.

LAND CAPABILITY: II - 19%; III - 72%; IV - 9%.

SURFACE DRAINAGE: Excellent - principal waterway 370 ft. long, average slope 5.7%, 220 ft. beyond to remote point; area is natural watershed in second growth woodland; subsurface flow from 85% of area becomes channelized 250 ft. above station, short earth dikes at station confine it to flume; negligible pondage back of flume.

CHARACTER OF FLOW: Ephemeral, continuous. In winter, spring or periods of protracted precipitation, this watershed has had continuous flow lasting up to 15 days.

INSTRUMENTATION: Runoff - galvanized metal flume, Type H, 2.5 ft. deep; 6 hr. chart to 1946, then 24 hr. chart; precipitation - recording gage 1300 ft. NW on dividing dike between W-1 & 2; check on precipitation by standard gage in fire guard clearing near flume.

WATERSHED CONDITIONS: The merchantable timber was logged off the area 15 to 25 years before runoff measurements were started in Aug. 1940. After this cutting, an understory of pine and hardwoods grew under the few unmerchantable or undersized trees that had been left. There is evidence of past ground fires, but probably no grazing occurred. In several small areas, the present growth runs largely to laurel and blueberries, with some spots bare of litter, but moss-covered. On 75% of the area there is fair to excellent litter on the ground. There was no change in the area during the growth between period of record, except the slow, natural growth of the stand. Data on 7 years of this natural growth between 1948 and 1955 are available from 51% counts of trees above 4 in. DBH and 5.1% tallies of all plants or trees 1 to 4 in. DBH.

GENERALLY REPRESENTS:   Sloping, ungrazed, cutover woodlands with second growth of hardwoods and pine in Northern Coastal Plain areas of moderate to slow permeabilities, slow internal drainage, good subsurface and excellent surface drainage, with non to slight erosion in eastern Maryland, Delaware and southern New Jersey.

05009 W-9 COLLEGE PARK MD

LOCATION: Montgomery Co., Md.; 5 mi. N or College Park; Paint Branch, Northeast Branch Anacostia River, Potomac River Basin.
Latitude: 390303 Longitude: 765740

AREA: 12.05 ac.

DATES OF OPERATION: 09/01/40-01/31/55

ON-LINE:

MAPS: Topographic map

SHAPE: Roughly oval, 1300 ft. long, 350 to 570 ft. wide.

SLOPES: 31% is in 2-5% class; 50% in 5-10%; 19% in 10-15%. Aspect E-SE.

SOILS: Unconsolidated coastal plain deposits. 1 Chillum loam and gravelly loam 63%; 2 Aura sandy loam 15%; 3 Beltsville silt loam 14%; 4 Croom gravelly sandy loam 8%. Topsoil - 1, 2, 3 & 4 weak structure; 1, 13 in. av.; 2, 10 in. av.; 3, 12 in. av.; 4, 8 in. av.; permeability 1 & 3 moderate, 2 moderately angular blocky; 4 weak medium platy; permeability 1 & 4 moderate, 2 moderately rapid, 3 moderately slow. Permeability and av. depth to substratum - 1, moderate at 36 in.; 2, moderately rapid at 22 in.; 3, slow at 24 in.; 4, moderate at 18 in. Internal drainage; 1, 2 & 4 medium; 3 slow.

EROSION: 1 - 97%; + - 3%.

LAND CAPABILITY: II - 31%; III - 50%; IV - 19%.

SURFACE DRAINAGE: Excellent, except in few areas (5% of total) where uprooted trees left pockets; principal waterway 1020 ft. long, average slope 5.8%; 300 ft. beyond to remote point; runoff from 95% of the natural watershed is subsurface flow into the narrow channel; short earth dikes confine flow to flume at gaging station; negligible pondage back of flume.

CHARACTER OF FLOW: Ephemeral, continuous. In winter, spring of periods of protracted precipitation this watershed has had continuous flows for as long as 23 days.

INSTRUMENTATION: Runoff - galvanized metal flume, Type H, 3 ft. deep; 24 hr. chart; precipitation - recording gage in clearing 120 ft. NE of watershed line and 450 ft. from center of drainage area, 12 hr. chart.

WATERSHED CONDITIONS: When measurements were begun in 1940, the drainage area was in a mature stand of mixed hardwoods with some scrub pine. It had not been touched by as or fire for many years probably because of the inaccessible location and distance from roads and farm buildings. It had a full canopy overhead with practically no undergrowth, and an excellent litter on the forest floor. In 1948-49 a heavy cut of hardwood and pine timber was made and the litter disturbed somewhat by trucks on 10% of the area. This released the growth of blueberries, laurel, seedlings and smaller trees, so that there was a thick understory growth by 1954. Data on timber removed in 1948-1949 and on the 7 years of second growth are available from 48% counts made in 1948 and 1955 of all trees above 4 in. DBH and 4.8% tallies of 1 to 4 in. plants of trees.

GENERALLY REPRESENTS:   Sloping, ungrazed, mature and cutover woodlands in Northern Plain areas of very rapid to slow permeabilities, medium to slow internal drainage, excellent subsurface and good surface drainage, with none to slight erosion in eastern Maryland, Delaware and southern New Jersey.

05010 W-10 COLLEGE PARK MD

LOCATION: Montgomery Co., Md.; 5 mi. N. of College Park; Little Paint Branch, Northeast Branch Anacostia River, Potomac River Basin.
Latitude: 390332 Longitude: 765706

AREA: 3.04 ac.

DATES OF OPERATION: 07/01/43-12/31/54

ON-LINE:

MAPS: Not Available

SHAPE: Fat “S”, 170 to 300 ft. wide by 560 ft. long.

SLOPES: 20% is in 2-5% class; 46% in 5-10%; 34% in 10-15%. Aspect S.

SOILS: Unconsolidated coastal plain deposits. 1 Chillum gravelly loam 38%; 2 Beltsville silt loam 28%; 3 Croom gravelly loam 25%; 4 Hyattsville silt loam 9%. Topsoil - 1, 2 3 & 4 weak structure; 1 & 2, 9 in. av.; 3, 8 in. av.; 4, 18 in. av.; all moderate permeability. Subsoil - 1, 2 & 4 moderate medium subangular blocky structure; 3 no subsoil; permeability 1 & 4 moderate, 2 moderately slow. Permeability and av. depth to substratum - 1, moderately slow at 20 in.; 2, slow at 21 in.; 3, moderate at 8 in.; 4, moderate at 45 in. Internal drainage - 1, 3 & 4 medium; 2 slow.

EROSION: 2 - 66%; 3 - 25%; + - 9%.

LAND CAPABILITY: II - 20%; III - 42%; IV - 38%.

SURFACE DRAINAGE: Excellent - principal waterway, vegetated diversion terrace 600 ft. plus 290 ft. to remote point; parabolic channel 13 to 20 ft. wide, 0.8 to 1.6 ft. deep, on 0.9% uniform channel grade. Flow modified by channel storage. Grass filter strip 15 ft. wide above channel.

CHARACTER OF FLOW: Ephemeral, continuous.

INSTRUMENTATION: Runoff - galvanized metal flume, Type H, 3 ft. deep, 6 hr. chart to 1950, then 24 hr. chart; precipitation - recording gage 800 ft. SE on dividing dike between W-1 & W-2, 12 hr. chart.

WATERSHED CONDITIONS: Prior to 1938, farmed as part of cultivated field, usually in row crops, grain and hay, not on contour; 500 ft. diversion terrace constructed in 1938; 1939-1943, area was largely in grain or hay. The runoff station was installed in June 1943 and diversion terrace extended from 500 to 600 ft., bringing in the whole 3.04 acres. 1944-46, area was strip cropped on exact contour in 3 strips in rotation of sorghum, wheat and hay; 1947-54 in alternate odd years, corn was planted on 8" ridge rows parallel with upper boundary with cross dams between ridges every 20 to 25 ft. to pocket runoff; even years were planted to annual lespedeza with ridges leveled. Organic matter in topsoil averaged 0.43% in tests made in 1949 and 1951. Crop yields were good to fair.

GENERALLY REPRESENTS: Sloping cultivated Northern Coastal Plain areas of moderate to slow permeabilities, medium to slow internal drainage, excellent surface drainage and moderate erosion in eastern Maryland, Delaware and southern New Jersey.

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