Iron and Steel Energy Intensities

First Use of Energy for All Purposes
First Use/Value of Production
(1000 Btu per Constant 1992 Dollar)
Energy Source	MECS Survey Year
	1985	1988		1991	1994
All Energy Sources	46.47	30.61		34.77	33.98
Electricity	3.66	2.44		3.17	3.05
Natural Gas	11.33	7.86		10.25	9.97
Coal	29.13	19.12		20.08	18.40
Coke and Breeze	0.00	0.00		-0.12	1.05
First Use/Ton of Steel
(1000 Btu per Ton)
Energy Source	MECS Survey Year
	1985	1988		1991	1994
All Energy Sources	19,137	17,303		16,212	16,395
Electricity	1,507	1,381		1,479	1,471
Natural Gas	4,668	4,443		4,778	4,812
Coal	11,999	10,808		9,363	8,879
Coke and Breeze	0	0		-57	507
End Uses of Fuel Consumption
Total End Use/Value of Production
(1000 Btu per Constant 1992 Dollar)
Energy Source	MECS Survey Year
	1985	1988		1991	1994
All Energy Sources	46.14	32.84		38.28	37.59
Electricity	3.66	2.44		3.17	3.05
Natural Gas	11.33	7.77		9.73	9.81
Coal	1.32	0.62		0.59	0.72
Coke and Breeze	14.91	13.17		13.13	13.48
Total End Use/Ton of Steel
(1000 Btu per Ton)
Energy Source	MECS Survey Year
	1985	1988		1991	1994
All Energy Sources	19,001	18,564		17,851	18,135
Electricity	1,507	1,381		1,479	1,471
Natural Gas	4,668	4,393		4,539	4,733
Coal	544	350		273	348
Coke and Breeze	6,141	7,446		6,121	6,502
End Use- Boiler Fuel
End Use-Boiler Fuel /Value of Production
(1000 Btu per Constant 1992 Dollar)
Energy Source	MECS Survey Year
	1985	1988		1991	1994
Coal	NA	NA		0.59	0.70
Residual Fuel Oil	NA	NA		0.59	0.60
Natural Gas	NA	NA		1.54	1.24
End Use-Boiler Fuel/Ton of Steel
(1000 Btu per Ton)
Energy Source	MECS Survey Year
	1985	1988		1991	1994
Coal	NA	NA		273.05	338.04
Residual Fuel Oil	NA	NA		273.05	288.33
Natural Gas	NA	NA		3,526.90	3,658.82
End Use- Process Heating
End Use-Process Heating/Ton of Steel
(1000 Btu per Ton)
Energy Source	MECS Survey Year
	1985	1988		1991	1994
Electricity	NA	NA		602.99	616.43
Residual Fuel Oil	NA	NA		79.64	119.31
Natural Gas	NA	NA		3.53	3.66
End Use-Process Heating /Value of Production
(1000 Btu per Constant 1992 Dollar)
Energy Source	MECS Survey Year
	1985	1988		1991	1994
Electricity	NA	NA		1.29	1.28
Residual Fuel Oil	NA	NA		0.17	0.25
Natural Gas	NA	NA		7.56	7.58
End Use- Machine Drive
End Use-Machine Drive/Ton of Steel
(1000 Btu per Ton)
Energy Source	MECS Survey Year
	1985	1988		1991	1994
Electricity	NA	NA		0.65	0.68
End Use-Machine Drive/Value of Production
(1000 Btu per Constant 1992 Dollar)
Energy Source	MECS Survey Year
	1985	1988		1991	1994
Electricity	NA	NA		1.39	1.40
Total Expenditures for Purchased Energy
Total Expenditures//Value of Production
(Cents per Constant 1992 Dollar)
Energy Source	MECS Survey Year
	1985	1988		1991	1994
All Energy Sources	NA	0.11		0.12	0.12
Electricity	NA	0.03		W	0.03
Natural Gas	NA	0.02		0.02	0.02
Coal	NA	0.03		0.03	0.03
Coke and Breeze	NA	0.02		0.02	W
Total Expenditures/Ton of Steel
(Constant 1992 Dollars per Ton)
Energy Source	MECS Survey Year
	1985	1988	1991		1994
All Energy Sources	NA	60.43	55.77		56.68
Electricity	NA	17.57	W		16.07
Natural Gas	NA	13.26	11.07		11.59
Coal	NA	18.44	15.55		14.84
Coke and Breeze	NA	8.86	8.60		W

NA= Not Available.
W=Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual establishments.
Sources: Energy Information Administration, Manufacturing Energy Consumption Surveys 1988, 1991, and 1994; U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Annual Survey of Manufactures, 1985, 1988, 1991, and 1994; Annual Statistical Reports, 1985, 1990, 1995, American Iron and Steel Institute.

For specific questions about the "Iron and Steel Intensities," please contact:

Behjat Hojjati
behjat.hojjati@eia.doe.gov
Phone: 202-586-1068
Fax: 202-586-0018

For specific questions about the "Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey," please contact:

Robert Adler
Survey Manager
robert.adler@eia.doe.gov
Phone: 202-586-1134
Fax: 202-586-0018

Release Date: June 19, 2000

EIA Home
Contact Us
Page last modified on 03/24/2005 .
URL: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/efficiency/steel_data.htm