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Endometrial Cancer Screening
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Tests are used to screen for different types of cancer.
Some screening tests are used because they have been shown to be helpful both in finding cancers early and decreasing the chance of dying from these cancers. Other tests are used because they have been shown to find cancer in some people; however, it has not been proven in clinical trials that use of these tests will decrease the risk of dying from cancer.
Scientists study screening tests to find those with the fewest risks and most benefits. Cancer screening trials also are meant to show whether early detection (finding cancer before it causes symptoms) decreases a person's chance of dying from the disease. For some types of cancer, finding and treating the disease at an early stage may result in a better chance of recovery.
Endometrial cancer is usually found early.
Endometrial cancer usually causes symptoms (such as vaginal bleeding) and is found at an early stage, when there is a good chance of recovery.
There is no standard or routine screening test for endometrial cancer.
Screening for endometrial cancer is under study and there are screening clinical trials taking place in many parts of the country.
Information about ongoing clinical trials is available from the NCI Web site.
Tests that may detect (find) endometrial cancer are being studied:
Pap test
A Pap test is a procedure to collect cells from the surface of the cervix and vagina. A piece of cotton, a brush, or a small wooden stick is used to gently scrape cells from the cervix and vagina. The cells are viewed under a microscope to find out if they are abnormal. This procedure is also called a Pap smear.
Pap tests are not used to screen for endometrial cancer; however, Pap test results sometimes show signs of an abnormal endometrium (lining of the uterus). Follow-up tests may
detect endometrial cancer.
Transvaginal ultrasound
It has not been proven that screening by transvaginal ultrasound (TVU) lowers the number of deaths caused by endometrial cancer.
Transvaginal ultrasound (TVU) is a procedure used to examine the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and bladder. It is also called endovaginal ultrasound. An ultrasound transducer (probe) is inserted into the vagina and used to bounce high-energy sound waves (ultrasound) off internal tissues or organs and make echoes. The echoes form a picture of body tissues called a sonogram. The
doctor can identify tumors by looking at the sonogram.
TVU is commonly
used to examine women who have abnormal vaginal bleeding. For women who have or are at risk for hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer, experts suggest yearly screening with transvaginal ultrasound, beginning as early as age 25.
Endometrial sampling
It has not been proven that screening by endometrial sampling (biopsy) lowers the number of deaths caused by endometrial cancer.
Endometrial sampling is the removal of tissue from the endometrium
by inserting a brush, curette, or thin, flexible tube through the cervix and into the uterus. The tool is used to gently scrape a small amount of tissue from the endometrium and then remove the tissue samples. A pathologist views the tissue under a microscope to look for cancer cells.
Endometrial sampling is commonly
used to examine women who have abnormal vaginal bleeding. If you have abnormal vaginal bleeding, check with your doctor.
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