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About this Topic | |
Substance abuse
See Substance Abuse and Treatment of Adults on Probation, 1995 (NCJ 166611)
Mental health
See Mental Health and Treatment of Inmates and Probationers (NCJ 174463)
Prior abuse
See Prior Abuse Reported by Inmates and Probationers (NCJ 172879)
Data Collections & Surveys | |
Publications & Products | |
Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002
Presents detailed information gathered on tribal law enforcement agencies, tribal courts and services, and criminal record systems from the 2002 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in American Indian Jurisdictions. |
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PDF (337K) | ASCII file (34K) | Spreadsheet (Zip format 60K) | 2002 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country Data File (Spreadsheet 350K) | To order paper version
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National Correction Reporting Program, 2000 (CD-ROM)
Collects data annually on prison admissions and releases and on parole entries and discharges in participating jurisdictions. |
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Prevalence of Imprisonment in the U.S. Population, 1974-2001
Presents estimates of the number of living persons in the United States, 1974 to 2001, who have ever been to State or Federal prison. |
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Press Release | PDF (335K) | ASCII file (40K) | Spreadsheet (Zip format 63K) | Codebooks and Datasets | To order paper version
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Education and Correctional Populations
Compares educational attainment of State and Federal prison inmates, jail inmates, and probationers to that of the general population. |
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PDF (360K) | ASCII file (32K) | Spreadsheet (Zip format 44K) | Codebooks and Datasets | To order paper version
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Immigration Offenders in the Federal Criminal Justice System, 2000
Describes the number of immigration offenders prosecuted in Federal court between 1985 and 2000. |
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Press Release | PDF (385K) | ASCII file (42K) | Spreadsheet (44K) | Codebooks and Datasets | To order paper version
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Trends in State Parole, 1990-2000
Examines the changing nature of offenders entering and leaving parole and the effects on the trends and composition of the prison population. |
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Press Release | PDF (114K) | ASCII file (42K) | ZIP Format (Spreadsheet 60K) | Codebooks and Datasets | To order paper version
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Linking Uniform Crime Reporting Data to Other Datasets
Outlines the contents and uses of the new Law Enforcement Agency Identifiers Crosswalk file. |
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PDF (65K) | ASCII file (37K) | Spreadsheet (Zip format 77K) | Codebooks and Datasets | To order paper version
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Reconciling Federal Criminal Case Processing: A Federal Justice Statistics Program Methodology Report
Summarizes the technical work underlying the conclusions of the Interagency Working Group on Federal Criminal Case Processing Statistics. |
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PDF (153K) | ASCII file (87K)
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Prior Abuse Reported by Inmates and Probationers
Describes prior physical and sexual abuse reported by persons in prison, in jail, or on probation. |
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Press Release (5K) | PDF (74K) | ASCII file (22K) | Codebooks and Datasets | To order paper version
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Lifetime Likelihood of Going to State or Federal Prison
Describes characteristics of persons admitted to prison for the first time, compares lifetime and one-day prevalence rates, considers changes in admission rates since 1991, and discusses the estimation techniques. |
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Press Release | PDF (150K) | ASCII file (69K) | Codebooks and Datasets
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Terms & Definitions | |
Community corrections |
Community corrections refers to the supervision of criminal offenders in the resident
population, as opposed to confining them in secure correctional facilities. The two
main types of community corrections supervision are probation and parole. Community
corrections is also referred to as community supervision. |
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Parole |
Parole refers to criminal offenders who are conditionally released from prison to
serve the remaining portion of their sentence in the community. Prisoners may be
released to parole by a parole board decision (discretionary release/discretionary
parole), according to provisions of a statute (mandatory release/mandatory parole),
through other types of post-custody conditional supervision, or as the result of a
sentence to a term of supervised release. In the federal system, a term of supervised
release is a sentence to a fixed period of supervision in the community that follows a
sentence to a period of incarceration in federal prison, both of which are ordered at
the time of sentencing by a federal judge. Parolees can have a number of different
supervision statuses including active supervision, which means they are required to
regularly report to a parole authority in person, by mail, or by telephone. Some
parolees may be on an inactive status which means they are excluded from regularly
reporting, and that could be due to a number of reasons. For instance, some may
receive a reduction in supervision, possibly due to compliance or meeting all required
conditions before the parole sentence terminates, and therefore may be moved from an
active to inactive status. Other supervision statues include parolees who only have
financial conditions remaining, have absconded, or who have active warrants. Parolees
are also typically required to fulfill certain conditions and adhere to specific rules
of conduct while in the community. Failure to comply with any of the conditions can
result in a return to incarceration. |
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Probation |
Probation refers to adult offenders whom courts place on supervision in the community
through a probation agency, generally in lieu of incarceration. However, some
jurisdictions do sentence probationers to a combined short-term incarceration sentence
immediately followed by probation, which is referred to as a split sentence.
Probationers can have a number of different supervision statuses including active
supervision,
which
means they are required to regularly report to a probation authority in person, by
mail, or by telephone. Some probationers may be on an inactive status which means they
are excluded from regularly reporting, and that could be due to a number of reasons.
For instance, some probationers may be placed on inactive status immediately because
the severity of the offense was minimal or some may receive a reduction in supervision
and therefore may be moved from an active to inactive status. Other supervision
statuses include probationers who only have financial conditions remaining, have
absconded, or who have active warrants. In many instances, while on probation,
offenders are required to fulfill certain conditions of their supervision (e.g.,
payment of fines, fees or court costs, participation in treatment programs) and adhere
to specific rules of conduct while in the community. Failure to comply with any
conditions can result in incarceration. |
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