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Climate model grid meshes are too coarse to explicitly simulate storm system winds and therefore must rely on simplified models referred to as parameterizations to represent all storm properties and effects. Cloud-resolving models (CRMs), on the other hand, are run over smaller domains and for short time periods and can explicitly resolve the wind circulations [...]
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Many studies have shown that aerosols suppress rainfall through indirect effects. Recent studies have also suggested that this suppression of warm rain by aerosols may allow more cloud particles to ascend above the freezing level, initiating an ice process in which more latent heat is released, thus invigorating convection. The theory (Rosenfeld et al. [...]
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The long-term measurement records from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement site on the Southern Great Plains (SGP) show evidence of a surface irradiance bias in the global Numerical Weather Prediction model from the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). This has been a long-standing problem in the model and previous studies have suggested that low [...]
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An Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) was deployed during the Carbonaceous Aerosols and Radiative Effects Study (CARES) that took place in northern California in June 2010. We presented results obtained at Cool, California, (denoted as the T1 site of the project) in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, where intense biogenic [...]
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Global climate models parameterize moist convection as a collection of individual convective cells that come and go over 15–30 minutes. Most of the world’s rainfall, however, is actually produced by “organized” storm systems: groups of storm clouds over an area comparable to a climate model gridbox that generate new storms as the old ones [...]
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The processes governing rainfall in coastal areas affected by monsoon rains are of great importance, as these regions include major population areas around the globe. Yet the diurnal variation of convection and associated cloud and radiative properties remains a significant issue in global forecast and climate models. This study analyzes observed diurnal variability of convection [...]
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Grabbing a virtual tiger by the tail, scientists led by researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory directly linked a cloud’s inclination to rain to its effects on the climate. Using global satellite data and complex calculations, they were able—for the first time—to develop a proxy measurement for one of the most vexing questions in atmospheric [...]
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DOE scientists at Pacific Northwest and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories found that sea salt, launched into the atmosphere by ocean waves, reacts with organic acids produced by human-caused pollution to yield particles loaded with organic salts and depleted in chloride. These reactions occur during hydration-dehydration cycles of mixed sea salt/organic particles in the atmosphere, and [...]
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Despite recent advances made in climate modeling, large systematic errors are still present in the models’ simulated mean state of climate. However, fully understanding the cause of these systematic errors in a climate system is difficult because a climate system is a complicated non-linear system, and climate errors could be the compensated result from errors [...]
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