Table 2. Unit labor costs (ULC) in national currency, compensation, and output
Table 2. Unit labor costs (ULC) in national currency, compensation, and output
Manufacturing, 19 countries, 1979-2010
Average annual compound rates of change
Country Indicator 1979-2010 1979-1990 1990-2000 2000-2007 2007-2010 2008-2009 2009-2010
United States ULC in nat. cur. 0.3 2.5 -0.4 -2.1 0.2 -0.5 -4.0
Compensation 2.8 4.9 3.8 0.6 -2.6 -9.1 1.6
Output 2.5 2.3 4.2 2.8 -2.8 -8.6 5.8
Australia ULC in nat. cur. NA NA 1.7 3.0 1.3 2.2 -2.4
Compensation NA NA 3.2 4.6 1.6 -0.2 1.9
Output 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.6 0.3 -2.3 4.3
Belgium ULC in nat. cur. 1.0 1.8 0.2 0.8 1.3 4.2 -3.2
Compensation 2.4 4.4 1.6 1.6 -0.6 -4.4 0.6
Output 1.4 2.6 1.5 0.7 -1.9 -8.3 3.9
Canada ULC in nat. cur. 2.0 4.6 -0.3 2.7 -0.9 -2.4 -4.3
Compensation 3.5 6.5 3.8 2.1 -5.0 -13.4 1.1
Output 1.4 1.9 4.2 -0.6 -4.2 -11.3 5.6
Czech Republic ULC in nat. cur. NA NA NA -0.2 -2.4 2.1 -7.6
Compensation NA NA NA 7.2 -0.7 -10.0 2.3
Output NA NA NA 7.4 1.7 -11.9 10.8
Denmark ULC in nat. cur. 2.5 5.7 0.7 1.9 -0.8 4.3 -6.2
Compensation 3.5 7.0 2.5 2.4 -3.1 -8.4 -4.0
Output 1.0 1.3 1.9 0.6 -2.3 -12.1 2.4
Finland ULC in nat. cur. 1.0 5.7 -2.2 -3.1 4.0 19.2 -11.1
Compensation 4.7 9.4 3.3 2.9 -2.7 -10.4 0.2
Output 3.7 3.4 5.5 6.2 -6.5 -24.8 12.8
France ULC in nat. cur. 2.1 5.7 -0.2 0.1 1.8 5.0 -5.4
Compensation 3.0 6.7 1.7 1.3 -1.3 -3.5 -2.0
Output 0.9 0.9 1.9 1.2 -3.0 -8.1 3.5
Germany ULC in nat. cur. C 1.7 3.3 1.4 -1.6 4.6 15.7 -8.1
Compensation C 2.4 4.6 2.0 0.8 0.1 -5.2 2.3
Output 0.7 1.2 0.6 2.4 -4.4 -18.1 11.3
Italy ULC in nat. cur. 4.7 8.8 1.7 2.8 4.2 10.3 -4.6
Compensation 5.5 11.6 3.2 3.0 -1.8 -7.4 -0.2
Output 0.9 2.6 1.4 0.3 -5.8 -16.0 4.6
Japan ULC in nat. cur. -1.1 0.7 -0.9 -3.8 -1.7 11.1 -13.3
Compensation 1.1 5.5 -0.1 -1.5 -4.0 -10.8 1.1
Output 2.2 4.7 0.8 2.3 -2.3 -19.7 16.7
Korea, Republic of ULC in nat. cur. 4.1 7.9 2.6 1.6 1.2 4.1 -0.7
Compensation 13.0 19.5 11.3 8.5 6.4 2.5 14.0
Output 8.6 10.8 8.4 6.8 5.1 -1.5 14.8
Netherlands ULC in nat. cur. 0.5 0.8 0.3 -0.1 1.9 8.4 -7.7
Compensation 2.6 3.2 3.0 1.9 0.7 -0.9 -1.0
Output 2.0 2.4 2.7 2.0 -1.2 -8.6 7.3
Norway ULC in nat. cur. 4.3 6.9 3.5 2.0 2.8 4.7 -0.7
Compensation 5.0 6.4 4.6 4.6 2.3 -1.4 1.2
Output 0.7 -0.5 1.0 2.6 -0.5 -5.8 1.9
Singapore ULC in nat. cur. 0.3 3.7 -1.5 -1.1 -3.1 -0.2 -18.3
Compensation 7.1 11.3 5.8 4.4 2.7 -4.3 6.0
Output 6.8 7.3 7.4 5.5 6.0 -4.2 29.7
Spain ULC in nat. cur. 4.3 7.8 2.7 2.5 1.6 2.9 -4.6
Compensation 5.8 10.1 5.5 3.8 -3.8 -11.2 -3.8
Output 1.4 2.1 2.8 1.2 -5.4 -13.6 0.9
Sweden ULC in nat. cur. 1.2 6.6 -2.2 -2.2 1.7 12.3 -13.9
Compensation 4.5 8.4 3.4 2.7 -1.8 -7.9 -0.5
Output 3.2 1.7 5.7 5.0 -3.5 -18.0 15.6
Taiwan ULC in nat. cur. 0.5 5.5 0.2 -3.8 -5.9 -7.4 -10.7
Compensation 7.1 13.5 5.2 3.1 0.6 -11.5 13.1
Output 6.6 7.5 5.0 7.2 7.0 -4.4 26.7
United Kingdom ULC in nat. cur. 3.1 6.3 1.4 0.8 2.7 7.5 -1.0
Compensation 3.4 7.3 2.3 0.9 -0.9 -3.9 2.6
Output 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.0 -3.5 -10.7 3.6
NOTE: German data for years before 1991 pertain to the former West Germany.
NA=data not available.
C=corrected