Subdural effusion
A subdural effusion is a collection of fluid beneath the outer lining of the brain. If this fluid becomes infected, the condition is called a subdural empyema.
Causes
A subdural effusion is a rare complication of bacterial meningitis. Subdural effusion is more common in infants and in persons who have meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae.
Symptoms
- Bulging fontanelles
- Increased head circumference
- Lethargy
- Persistent fever
- Seizures
- Separated sutures
- Vomiting
- Weakness
Exams and Tests
There is often a recent history of bacterial meningitis. Tests include:
Treatment
Surgery to drain the effusion is often necessary. Rarely, a permanent drainage device (shunt) is needed to drain fluid. Antibiotics may need to be given through a vein.
Outlook (Prognosis)
Full recovery from a subdural effusion is expected. If neurological problems continue, they are generally due to the meningitis, not the effusion. Long-term use of antibiotics is usually not necessary.
Possible Complications
Complications from surgery include:
- Bleeding
- Brain damage
- Infection
When to Contact a Medical Professional
Call your health care provider if:
- Your child has recently been treated for meningitis and symptoms continue
- New symptoms develop
References
Swartz MN. Meningitis: bacterial, viral, and other. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 437.
Update Date: 9/13/2010
Updated by: David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; Daniel B. Hoch, PhD, MD, Assistant Professor of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
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