Selected Records Relating to Enumeration of Pueblo Indians, 1790-1939
Spanish and Mexican Census Records
Although the National Archives rarely has records other than those created by the United States Federal government, we have a bound volume published by the New Mexico Genealogical Society shelved with the census book indexes in the Research Center in the National Archives Building containing information collected from several Spanish and Mexican enumerations of the population of New Mexico.
Spanish and Mexican Colonial Censuses of New Mexico: 1790, 1823, 1845: Each census is arranged by village or pueblo, and contains varying personal information. The volume has a comprehensive name index.
Federal Censuses (RG 29)
1850-1870 New Mexico Territory Censuses: Arranged by county then village or Pueblo. The schedules provide name, relation to head of household and, often, age. Although the indication of race is often unreliable, many Pueblo are listed as non-white. The racial designation of inhabitants of Taos Pueblo, for example, is "copper" in the 1850 Census and "Indian" in the 1860 and 1870 Censuses. Not all Pueblo are included in the book indexes; see Ancestry.com for a more complete index.
Microfilm Publication Title | Microfilm Pub ID / Catalog Info | ARC Descriptions |
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1850 Census Note: New Mexico is on rolls 467-470. |
M432: M432A M432B M432C M432D M432E M432F |
View series in ARC |
1860 Census Note: New Mexico is on rolls 712-716. |
M653: M653A M653B M653C M653D M653E M653F M653G M653H |
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1870 Census Note: New Mexico is on rolls 893-897. |
M593: M593A M593B M593C M593D M593E M593F M593G M593H M593I |
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1880 New Mexico Territory Census: Enumerations of Pueblo Indians conclude each county. Information provided is similar to above: "I" indicates Indian race. Literacy and birthplace of parents are often mentioned. There is a Soundex index for families with children under the age of ten; the Archives Library Information Center has a CD-ROM index for all people included in the 1880 census.
Microfilm Publication Title | Microfilm Pub ID / Catalog Info | ARC Descriptions |
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1880 Census Note: New Mexico is on rolls 802-804. |
T9: T9A T9B T9C T9D T9E T9F T9G T9H |
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1885 New Mexico Territorial Census: Arranged by county, then Pueblo or reservation, providing name, age, occupation, literacy, birthplace and parents’ birthplace. Agricultural, Manufacture, and Mortality Schedules (persons deceased in 1884) follow the Inhabitant’s Schedule for each county. There is no index.
Microfilm Publication Title | Microfilm Pub ID / Catalog Info | ARC Descriptions |
---|---|---|
1885 Territorial Census |
M486 |
1900 and 1910 New Mexico Territory Censuses: Special Indian Schedules follow non-Indian pages in relevant enumeration districts. These censuses indicate the individual’s tribe, fraction of Indian blood and citizenship. There is a Soundex index for 1900, and there is a CD-ROM index available in the Archives Library Information Center for 1910.
Microfilm Publication Title | Microfilm Pub ID / Catalog Info | ARC Descriptions |
---|---|---|
1900 Census Note: New Mexico is on rolls 999-1003. |
T623: T623A T623B T623C T623D T623E T623F T623G T623H T623I T623J |
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1910 Census Note: New Mexico is on rolls 913-919. |
T624: T624A T624B T624C T624D T624E T624F T624G T624H T624I |
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1930 New Mexico Census: Pueblos and reservations are listed as enumeration districts amidst the appropriate counties. reservations are listed as enumeration districts amidst the appropriate counties. Ancestry.com has an index for New Mexico. Ancestry.com has an index for New Mexico.
Microfilm Publication Title | Microfilm Pub ID / Catalog Info | ARC Descriptions |
---|---|---|
1930 Census Note: New Mexico is on rolls 1392-1400. |
T626: T626A T626B T626C T626D T626E T626F T626G T626H T626I T626J T626K T626L T626M T626N |
View series in ARC |
Bureau of Indian Affairs Census Records (RG 75)
Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940: Compiled by the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and arranged by Indian agency jurisdiction and year. Informational categories vary, but may include degree of Indian Blood, marital status and place of residences, along with name, age, and relation to the head of household. There are no indexes.
Microfilm Publication Title | Microfilm Pub ID / Catalog Info | ARC Descriptions |
---|---|---|
Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 |
M595: M595A M595B M595C M595D |
View series in ARC |
Relevant jurisdictions are:
- Albuquerque School, 1904-7 & 1910-11 (Roll 1)
- Northern Pueblo, 1920-30 (Rolls 308-310)
- Pueblo, 1885-92 (Rolls 396-400)
- Pueblo Day Schools, 1913-19 (Rolls 404-406)
- Santa Fe, 1904, 1906, 1910-14 & 1931-35 (Rolls 472-474)
- Southern Pueblo, 1920-35 (Rolls 532-542)
- United Pueblo, 1936-39 (Rolls 624-627)
- Zuni, 1904-5, 1907, 1916-24, 1926-35 (Rolls 689-692)
Additional resources on the National Archives web site:
- Online Tutorial for Genealogists and Family Historians: The Dawes Rolls
- About Census Records
- About Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940
- American Indians in the Federal Decennial Census, 1790-1930
- Native American Records at the National Archives