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Page last reviewed: 09/22/2008
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Highlights |
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Hazardous Waste
This page provides a comprehensive guide to information regarding hazardous waste operations. It briefly covers emergency response for hazardous waste sites. For additional information, see OSHA's Emergency Preparedness and Response Safety and Health Topics Page.
Hazardous waste is addressed in specific standards for the
general and construction industries.
Standards
This section highlights OSHA standards,
preambles to final rules (background to final rules), Federal Registers (rules, proposed rules,
and notices), directives
(instructions for compliance officers), model training programs, and other federal and national consensus
standards related to hazardous waste.
OSHA
Note: Twenty-five states, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands have OSHA-approved State Plans and have adopted their own standards and enforcement policies. For the most part, these States adopt standards that are
identical to Federal OSHA. However, some States have adopted different standards applicable to this topic or may have different enforcement
policies.
General Industry (29
CFR 1910)
- 1910 Subpart
E, Exit routes, emergency action plans, and fire
prevention plans [related
topic page]
- 1910 Subpart
H, Hazardous materials [related
topic page]
- 1910.120,
Hazardous waste operations and emergency response
- Appendix A, Personal protective equipment test
methods
- Appendix B,
General description and discussion of the levels of protective gear
- Appendix C, Compliance
guidelines
- Appendix D,
References
- Appendix E,
Training curriculum guidelines (Non-mandatory)
- 1910 Subpart
I, Personal protective equipment [related
topic page]
- 1910 Subpart
J, General environmental controls
- 1910 Subpart
L, Fire protection [related
topic page]
- 1910 Subpart
Z, Toxic and hazardous substances [related
topic page]
Construction Industry (29
CFR 1926)
- 1926 Subpart
D, Occupational health and environmental controls
- 1926.65,
Hazardous waste operations and emergency response
- Appendix A, Personal protective equipment test
methods
- Appendix B,
General description and discussion of the levels of protective gear
- Appendix C, Compliance
guidelines
- Appendix D,
References
- Appendix E, Training
curriculum guidelines (Non-mandatory)
Preambles to Final Rules
Federal Registers
Directives
- Inspection Procedures for 29 CFR 1910.120 and 1926.65, Paragraph (q):
Emergency Response to Hazardous Substance Releases. CPL 02-02-073, (2007, August 27).
Also available as a 444 KB PDF, 119 pages. Updates enforcement procedures for compliance officers who need to conduct
inspections of emergency response operations. It defines additional terms
and expands on training requirements for emergency responders and other
groups such as skilled support personnel.
This OSHA instruction revises CPL 02-02-059,
issued April 24, 1998.
- Technical Enforcement and Assistance Guidelines for
Hazardous Waste Site and RCRA Corrective Action Clean-up Operations
HAZWOPER 1910.120 (b)-(o) Directive. CPL 02-02-071, (2003,
November 5).
- Compliance policy for emergency action plans and fire
prevention plans. CPL 02-01-037 [CPL 2-1.037], (2002, July 9).
Clarifies several Regional Instructions
regarding 29 CFR 1910.38. Change to OSHA Instruction CPL 2-2.59A, Inspection
Procedures for the Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response
Standard, Appendix F, page F-3, rescind citation policy of 29 CFR 1910.120(q)(1), April 24, 1998. Rescinds Clarifications of
Interpretations and Citation Policy on 29 CFR 1910.38 and 1910.157 Standards, June 24, 1992.
- Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response; Final Rule and Corrections.
CSP 01-01-024 [STP 2-1.154C], (1991, June 10). Describes a federal
program change to the regions and state designees.
- Search all available directives.
Model Training Programs
Other Federal
Note: These are NOT OSHA regulations. However, they do
provide guidance from their originating organizations related to worker
protection.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
- 40 CFR Part 311, Worker protection. Describes the applicability of OSHA's HAZWOPER
Standard, 29
CFR 1910.120, to state and
local government employees.
National Consensus
Note: These are NOT OSHA regulations. However, they do
provide guidance from their originating organizations related to worker
protection.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
- D6235 - 04, Standard Practice for Expedited Site
Characterization of Vadose Zone and Ground Water Contamination at
Hazardous Waste Contaminated Sites.
- D6498 - 99(2007), Standard Guide for Household Hazardous
Waste Training Outline for Household Hazardous Waste Collection Operations.
(2007).
Hazard Recognition
The types of hazards most frequently identified
for hazardous waste sites are
similar to those that exist on construction sites and include: electrical,
excavations, walking/working surfaces, lockout/tag out, cranes and other material
handling equipment, hand and portable powered tools, and welding and cutting. The following references aid in recognizing hazards
at a waste site.
- Remediation
Technology and Health Safety Standards: Thermal Desorption. OSHA Safety
and Health Information Bulletin (SHIB), (2003, February). Provides employers
assistance with recognizing hazards associated with thermal desorption and
controlling them in
a manner consistent with OSHA requirements and other industry standards.
- Chemical
Reactivity Hazards. OSHA Safety and Health Topics Page.
- NIOSH
Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Publication No. 2005-149. Provides a source of general industrial hygiene information on several hundred
chemicals/classes for workers, employers, and occupational health professionals.
- ToxFAQs.
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Provides a series of summaries about hazardous substances developed
by the ATSDR Division of Toxicology. Answers are provided to the most frequently asked questions about exposure to
hazardous substances found around hazardous waste sites.
- Medical Management Guidelines (MMGs). Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry (ATSDR), (2001). Aids
emergency department physicians and other emergency healthcare professionals who manage acute exposures
resulting from chemical incidents.
- Safety and Health Aspects of EM CX Remediation Technologies. US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Publication No. EM 1110-1-4007, (2003, August 15). This engineering manual contains detailed hazard analyses for 25 commonly used EM CX site remediation technologies and is written for USACE project designers, Architect-Engineers (A-Es) and safety and health professionals. The document serves as a resource in identifying potential hazards unique and/or significant to the technologies addressed along with recommended controls.
Evaluation
The following references aid in evaluating hazards
at a waste site.
- OSHA Salt Lake Technical Center (SLTC) Project Utilization of Direct
Reading Monitors on Hazardous Waste Sites to Improve Worker Protection
While Reducing Costs of Unnecessary PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)
and Sample Analyses. OSHA,
(1995, July
31). Documents the testing of a personal photo ionization detector (PID) monitor to determine its suitability for use on hazardous waste sites, to
determine the need to quickly evacuate the area or upgrade personal
protective equipment (PPE), when an unexpected hazardous material vapor
release occurs.
- Chemical Sampling Information.
OSHA. Provides summary information on chemical properties, health effects, and
sampling and analysis parameters.
- Sampling and
Analytical Methods. OSHA Safety and Health Topics Page.
- NIOSH
Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM). US Department of Health and Human
Services (DHHS), National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Publication No. 2003-154, (2003). Presents a collection of methods for sampling and
analysis of contaminants in workplace air, and in the blood and urine of workers who are occupationally exposed.
- International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Summarizes essential health and safety information on chemicals for their use at the "shop floor" level by workers and employers in factories, agriculture,
construction and other work places.
Control and Prevention
- OSHA Occupational Chemical Database. OSHA maintains this chemical database as a convenient reference for the occupational safety and health community. It compiles information from several government agencies and organizations. This database originally was developed by OSHA in cooperation with EPA.
- Frequently Asked Questions - HAZWOPER. OSHA. Assists in determining who is covered by OSHA's
HAZWOPER Standard.
- Fire and Explosive Hazards Associated with Biosolids Derived Fuel (BDF) and Waste Water Treatment Plants.
OSHA Hazard Information
Bulletin (HIB), (1995, December 5).
- Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response [355 KB PDF*, 2 pages]. OSHA Fact Sheet. Gives a brief overview of requirements
found in the HAZWOPER standard.
- Electronic Health and Safety Program (eHASP)2. OSHA Expert
System. Created in cooperation with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),
the updated eHASP Guide uses modern (Windows-based) software, site-specific
text, and expanded decision logic to assist the user in determining the
appropriate controls of health and safety hazards for their sites.
- Applicability
of OSHA Standards to Transporters of Hazardous Waste Materials [3 MB PPT*,
23 slides]. OSHA
Slide Presentation,
(1999, April 19).
Provides a presentation prepared for the Association of Waste Hazardous Materials Transporters conference in Salt Lake
City, UT addressing OSHA's jurisdiction pertaining to hazardous waste transportation in the railroad and
trucking industries, and discusses the application of key OSHA standards.
- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). OSHA Safety and Health Topics Page.
- Process Safety Management. OSHA Safety and Health Topics Page.
OSHA and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Superfund Audits
- Summary
Report: Hazardous Waste Site Safety Hazards Study. (2002, November
12). Also available as a 64 KB PDF,
13 pages.
- EPA
Labor Superfund Health and Safety Task Force: OSHA Audits of Superfund Sites From 1993-1996. (1997,
August 25). Summarizes the findings of OSHA site audits and
site-specific safety and health plan (SSAHP) reviews performed on
eleven hazardous waste remediation sites between 1993 and 1996 and is an update of the 1993 Summary Report
listed above.
- Summary
Report on OSHA Inspections Conducted at Superfund Incinerator Sites. (1993,
September 16).
- Garrahan MA. "Seven steps to successful safety and health programs at superfund sites:
a compendium of lessons learned."
OSHA Job Safety & Health Quarterly (JSHQ). 1995 Winter;5(2). Lists the seven most frequent Safety and Health Program management problems
found by the OSHA/EPA audits of Superfund incinerator sites.
- Baird N, Cook E, et al. "Evaluating surface contamination at hazardous waste sites."
Occupational Health & Safety. 1996 Jan;65(1).
- Hazardous Waste Incinerators [478 KB PDF, 41 pages]. US General
Accounting Office (GAO), (1995, January).
Provides a report on EPA's and OSHA's actions to better protect health and
safety on hazardous waste incinerator sites.
- Fairfax R. "OSHA compliance issues: correcting common health and safety program
deficiencies at remediation sites." Applied Occupational and
Environmental Hygiene. 1996 June;11(6):525. Describes some common
deficiencies in Site Safety and Health Plans OSHA has found during plan review
at thermal treatment facilities, through the EPA-Labor Superfund Safety and
Health Task Force interagency agreement.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
- Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER). Provides policy, guidance, and direction for the
EPA's solid waste and emergency response programs.
- Superfund.
Cleans up abandoned, accidentally spilled, or illegally dumped hazardous
waste that poses a current or future threat to human health or the environment.
- Contaminated Site Clean-up Information (CLU-IN). Technology Innovation Office (TIO). Advocates more effective, less costly approaches (i.e. "smarter solutions") by
government and industry to assess and clean up contaminated waste sites, soil, and groundwater.
- Cleanup: Technology & Tools. Uses the best available science
to develop risk assessment tools and guidance for cleaning up sites that are contaminated with radioactive
materials.
- Sector Notebooks. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Contains a national industrial process description, a waste
release profile, a discussion of pollution prevention opportunities, a summary of statutes and regulations, a
compliance and enforcement profile, a list of compliance activities, and a contact directory.
- Multi-Agency
Radiation Surveys and Site Manual (MARSSIM).
Provides detailed guidance for
planning, implementing, and evaluating environmental and facility radiological surveys conducted to demonstrate
compliance with a dose- or risk-based regulation.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
US Department of Energy (DOE)
Chemical Management Archives
- Management Perspectives on Worker Protection During DOE Hazardous Waste Activities [409 KB PDF, 40 pages]. DOE/EH-0536, (1996, June).
Provides a written for the project manager, who has overall responsibility for directing hazardous waste activities and ensuring that these activities protect the worker, the public, and the environment.
- Working Safely During DOE Hazardous Waste Activities [399 KB PDF, 35 pages]. DOE/EH-0537, (1996, June).
Improves worker protection by indicating ways to minimize radiological, physical, chemical, and biological hazards and to reinforce the health, safety, and radiological training completed by hazardous waste workers.
US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)
- Technical Guidelines for Hazardous & Toxic Waste Treatment and Cleanup Activities. Publication No. EM 1110-1-502, (1994, April30). This manual provides design guidelines that will aide U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Districts and Divisions in the selection of remedial actions at uncontrolled hazards waste sites.
- Removal of Underground Storage Tanks (USTS). US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Publication No. EM 1110-1-4006, (1998, September 30). This manual addresses tanks subject to Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Subtitle I underground storage tanks requirements. The manual provides practical guidance for removal of USTs. The manual addresses site evaluation, monitoring, testing, removal, safety and health issues, and site restoration.
Additional Information
Related Safety and Health Topics Pages
Training
- Decontamination. OSHA. Also available as a 1 MB PDF, 25 pages.
- Training Marine Oil Spill Response Workers Under OSHA's Hazardous Waste
Operations and Emergency Response Standard. OSHA Publication 3172, (2010).
- 29
CFR 1910.120, Hazardous waste operations and emergency response.
OSHA Standard.
- Appendix E,
Training
curriculum guidelines (Non-mandatory)
- OSHA Training Institute Course Catalog Search. OSHA. Searches training
and education courses provided by OSHA Training Institute in
occupational safety and health for federal and state compliance
officers, state consultants, other federal agency personnel, and the
private sector.
- Hazardous Waste Site Inspection and Emergency Response. OSHA Course 3120. Includes the OSHA hazardous
waste site and emergency response standard; site operations such
as oil removal and handling; decontamination of heavy equipment;
drilling; tank and drum removal; Superfund, RCRA, and SARA
requirements; personal protective equipment; and construction
strategies.
- OSHA Best Practices for Hospital Based First-Receivers of Victims from
Mass Casualty Incidents Involving the Release of Hazardous Substances.
OSHA, (1995, January).
- National
Clearinghouse for Worker Safety and Health Training. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
(NIEHS) Worker Education and Training Program (WETP).
- RCRA Orientation Manual 2008: Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) EPA-530-R-06-003, (2006, March).
Other Resources
- US
Department of Energy (DOE)
- Safety and Health Requirements Manual [8 MB PDF, 990 pages]. US Army Corps of
Engineers (USACE), (2003, November 3). Provides a section on hazardous waste site requirements that is of special interest.
- Hazardous Materials Safety Information Guide [244 KB PDF, 2 pages]. American Society of Safety Engineers' (ASSE), Canadian Society of Safety Engineering (CSSE). Provides the public with key information on what hazmats are,
the hazmat laws and who to contact should an emergency occur, and much more.
- EXTOXNET - The EXTension TOXicology NETwork.
The University of California-Davis, Oregon State University, Michigan State University, Cornell University, and the University of Idaho. Provides information more widely available via Pesticide Information Profiles, Toxicology Information Briefs, and Fact Sheets.
Accessibility Assistance: Contact the OSHA Directorate of Technical Support and Emergency Management at (202) 693-2300 for assistance accessing PDF and PPT materials.
*These files are provided for downloading.
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