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DEADLY MEDICINE: CREATING THE MASTER RACE

QUOTES FROM THE 2004 EXHIBITION

“If one imagines . . . a battlefield covered with thousands of dead youths . . . and then our institutions for idiots and their care . . . , one is most appalled by . . . the sacrifice of the best of humanity while the best care is lavished on life of negative worth.”
— Karl Binding and Alfred Hoche, Authorization of the Destruction of Life Unworthy of Life, Leipzig, 1920

“The national state . . . must set race in the center of all life. It must take care to keep it pure. It must declare the child to be the most precious treasure of the people. It must see to it that only the healthy beget children. . . . The state must act as the guardian of a millennial future in the face of which the wishes and the selfishness of the individual must appear as nothing. . . . It must put the most modern medical means in the service of this knowledge.”
— Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf (1925)

“I, for one, am alarmed at the conceit and sureness of the advocates of this new dream. I shudder at their ruthlessness in meddling with life. I resent their egoistic and stern righteousness. I shrink from their judgment of their fellows.”
— Clarence Darrow, “The Eugenics Cult,” The American Mercury, 1926

“We have seen more than once that the public welfare may call upon the best citizens for their lives. It would be strange if it could not call upon those who already sap the strength of the State for these lesser sacrifices. . . . The principle that sustains compulsory vaccination is broad enough to cover cutting the Fallopian tubes. . . . Three generations of imbeciles are enough.”
— U.S. Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Buck v. Bell, 1927

“The term ‘eugenics’ means establishing a connection between the results of human genetics research and practical population policy measures.”
— Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics, Annual Report 1931

“It was only through the political work of Hitler that the meaning of racial hygiene has become publicly manifest in Germany, and it is only due to him that our thirty-year-old dream to put racial hygiene into practice has become a reality.”
— Ernst Rüdin, 1934

“Our starting point is not the individual, and we do not subscribe to the view that one should feed the hungry, give drink to the thirsty, or clothe the naked. . . . Our objectives are entirely different: We must have a healthy people in order to prevail in the world.”
— Joseph Goebbels, Minister of Propaganda, Nazi Party rally, 1938

“I do not characterize every Jew as inferior, as Negroes certainly are, and I do not underestimate the greatest enemy with whom we have to fight. But I reject Jewry with every means in my power, and without reserve, in order to preserve the hereditary endowment of my people.”
— Eugen Fischer, lecture, June 20, 1939

“We do not know what measures are planned for the resettlement of the Jewish population in the next few months. It is possible that if we wait too long, we could lose this valuable material.”
— Anton Pluegel, Institute for German Work in the East, Cracow, Letter of October 22, 1941

“The time is not far distant when I shall be able to say that one doctor, with, perhaps, ten assistants, can probably effect several hundred if not one thousand sterilizations in a single day.”
— Physician Carl Clauberg to SS chief Heinrich Himmler, June 7, 1943

“There were in the memory of mankind Genghis Khans and Eugen Fischers but never before had a Genghis Khan joined hands with an Eugen Fischer.”
— Max Weinreich, Hitler’s Professors: The Part of Scholarship in Germany’s Crimes against the Jewish People (1946)

“The Führer was of the opinion that [killing the incurably ill] would be easier and smoother to carry out in wartime, since the public resistance . . . from the churches would not play such a prominent role amidst the events of wartime as it otherwise would.”
— Karl Brandt, Hitler’s attending physician, postwar testimony

International Hygiene Exhibition, 1911 promotional poster:  The eugenics movement pre-dated Nazi Germany.  A 1911 exhibition at the German Hygiene Museum in Dresden included a display on human heredity and ideas to improve it.  The exhibition poster features the Enlightenment’s all-seeing eye of God, adapted from the ancient Egyptian “Eye of Ra,” symbolizing fitness or health.
Dr. Otmar von Verschuer examines twins at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute.  As the head of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute’s Department for Human Heredity, Verschuer, a physician and geneticist, examined hundreds of pairs of twins to study whether criminality, feeble-mindedness, tuberculosis, and cancer were inheritable.  In 1927, he recommended the forced sterilization of the “mentally and morally subnormal.”  Verschuer typified those academics whose interest in Germany’s “national regeneration” provided motivation for their research.
“Adolf Hitler as the Doctor of the German Nation,” <i>National Health Guardian</i>, 1935.  Rudolf Hess referred to Nazism as “applied biology”.
Head shots showing various racial types.  Most western anthropologists classified people into “races” based on physical traits such as head size and eye, hair and skin color.  This classification was developed by Eugen Fischer and published in the 1921 and 1923 editions of <i>Foundations of Human Genetics and Racial Hygiene</i>.
Heads of racial types, created by anthropologists from plaster molds of the faces of living subjects, were mass produced in Nazi Germany for use in exhibitions and racial hygiene classes.  This head portrays the “Negro” racial type.
Heads of racial types, created by anthropologists from plaster molds of the faces of living subjects, were mass-produced in Nazi Germany for use in exhibitions and racial hygiene classes.  This head portrays the “Dinaric” (Balkan) racial type.
A popular health manual, <i>German Gold</i> (1942) advised: “Mothers, you must absolutely avoid alcohol and nicotine during pregnancy and when nursing.  They hinder, they harm, they disrupt the normal course of pregnancy.  Drink fruit juice.  Fruit juice is nutritious and restorative!”  Producing healthy, “fit” mothers and children was an overriding aim of the Third Reich.
Nazi officials at the “The Miracle of Life” exhibition, German Hygiene Museum, Dresden, 1935.  The new Nazi museum leadership asserted that societies resembled organisms that followed the lead of their brains.  The most logical social structure was one that saw society as a collective unit, literally a body guided by a strong leader.
A clandestine photograph taken by a farmer who lived in the vicinity of Hartheim, showing smoke rising from the chimney of the crematorium.  Operation T-4 targeted mostly adult patients in private, state, and church-run institutions.  From January 1940 to August 1941, more than 70,000 people were killed by gassing in one of six specially staffed and equipped facilities in Germany and Austria.  By the end of World War II, an estimated 200,000 adults were murdered in various “euthanasia” programs.
“Don’t Go Blindly into Marriage!”  Eugenics had the support of many scientists worldwide, including the U.S.  This drawing illustrated a 1924 pamphlet that urged couples to be informed about the health, including genetic health, of prospective spouses.  This image was first published by Louisiana’s Department of Health.
Students at the Berlin School for the Blind examine racial head models circa 1935.  Students were taught Gregor Mendel’s principles of inheritance and the purported application of those laws to human heredity and principles of race.  During the Third Reich, German born deaf or blind, like those born with mental illnesses or disabilities, were urged to submit to compulsory sterilization as a civic duty.
The head of a Jewish youth was sculpted from wood by the Jewish artist M. Winiarski for German officials in the occupied Polish city of Lodz.
Dr. Eugen Fischer reading <i>Heredity Journal</i>.  Dr. Eugen Fischer, director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Eugenics, and Human Heredity from 1927 to 1942, authored a 1913 study of the racially mixed children of Dutch men and Hottentot women in German southwest Africa.  Fischer opposed “racial mixing,” arguing that “Negro blood” was of “lesser value” and that mixing it with “white blood” would bring about the demise of European culture.  After 1933, Fischer adapted his institute’s activities to serve Nazi antisemitic policies.  He taught courses for SS doctors, served as a judge on Berlin’s Hereditary Health Court, and provided hundreds of opinions on the paternity and “racial purity” of individuals, including the <i>Mischlinge</i> offspring of Jewish and non-Jewish German couples.
Dr. Ernst Wentzler treats a child with rickets.  Dr. Wentzler’s Berlin pediatric clinic served many wealthy families and high-ranking Nazi officials.  Although Wentzler developed methods to treat premature infants or children with severe birth defects, he supported ending the lives of the “incurably ill” and served as a primary coordinator of the pediatric “euthanasia” program, evaluating patient forms and ordering the killing of several thousand children.
“You Are Sharing the Load!  A Hereditarily Ill Person Costs 50,000 Reichsmarks on Average up to the Age of Sixty,” reproduced in a high school biology textbook by Jakob Graf.  The image illustrates Nazi propaganda on the need to prevent births of the “unfit.”

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