Statistics and Surveillance:

NIS Articles
The National Immunization Survey (NIS)

 These articles appear in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) and other publications.

2012

• In 2011, the NIS sampling frame was expanded from sampling only landline phones to sampling landline and cell phones, creating a dual frame sample. See Adding Households with Cell Phone Service to the National Immunization Survey (NIS), 2011 for key findings, differences in results, weighting methods, and more.
• National, State, and Local Area Vaccination Coverage Among Children Aged 19–35 Months — United States, 2011
  Source: MMWR, September 7, 2012 / 61(35);689-696
• National and State Vaccination Coverage Among Adolescents Aged 13–17 Years — United States, 2011
  Source: MMWR, August 31, 2012/ 61(34);671-677

2011

• National and State Vaccination Coverage Among Children Aged 19-35 Months
  Source: MMWR, September 2, 2011 / 60(34);1157-1163
• Interim Results: State-Specific Influenza Vaccination Coverage -- United States, August 2010-February 2011
  Source: MMWR, June 10, 2011 / 60(22);737-743

2010

• Tetanus and Pertussis Vaccination Coverage Among Adults Aged ≥18 Years -- United States, 1999 and 2008
  Source: MMWR, October 15, 2010 / 59(40);1302-1306
  
• Announcements: Final 2009-10 Influenza Season Vaccination Coverage Estimates
  Source: MMWR, October 15, 2010 / 59(40);1311
• National, State, and Local Area Vaccination Coverage Among Children Aged 19-35 Months -- United States, 2009
  Source: MMWR, September 17, 2010 / 59(36);1171-1177
  
• Changes in Measurement of Haemophilus influenzae serotype b (Hib)
  Vaccination Coverage -- National Immunization Survey, United States, 2009
  Source: MMWR, August 27, 2010 / 59(33);1069-1072
• National, State, and Local Area Vaccination Coverage among Adolescents Aged 13-17 Years -- United States, 2009
  Source: MMWR, August 20, 2010 / 59(32);1018-1023

2009

• Hepatitis A Vaccination Coverage Among Children Aged 24-35 Months -- United States, 2006 and 2007
  Source: MMWR, July 3, 2009 / 58(25);689-694
• Vaccination coverage among U.S. adolescents aged 13-17 years eligible for the Vaccines for Children program, 2009
  Source: Lindley MC, Smith PJ, Rodewald LE. Public Health Rep; 2011 Jul-Aug;126 Suppl 2:124-34.

2008

• National, State, and Local Area Vaccination Coverage Among Children Aged 19-35 Months -- United States, 2008
  Source: MMWR, August 28, 2009 / 58(33);921-926
• National, State, and Local Area Vaccination Coverage Among Adolescents Aged 13-17 Years -- United States, 2008
  Source: MMWR, September 18, 2009 / 58(36);997-1001
  

2007

• National, State, and Local Area Vaccination Coverage Among Children Aged 19-35 Months -- United States, 2007
  Source: MMWR, September 5, 2008 / 57(35);961-966
  

2006

• National, State, and Local Area Vaccination Coverage Among Children Aged 19-35 Months -- United States, 2006
  Source: MMWR, August 31, 2007 / 56(34);880-885
  
• National Vaccination Coverage Among Adolescents Aged 13-17 Years -- United States, 2006
  Source: MMWR, August 31, 2007 / 56(34);885-888
  

2005

• National, State, and Urban Area Vaccination Coverage Among Children Aged 19-35 Months - United States, 2005
  Source: MMWR, September 15, 2006 / 55(36);988-993
• Timeliness of Childhood Immunizations: A State-Specific Analysis (exit) (Abstract)
  Source: American Journal of Public Health, August 1, 2005 / Volume 95, Issue 8
  

2004

• National, State, and Urban Area Vaccination Coverage Among Children Aged 19-35 Months - United States, 2004
  Source: MMWR, July 29, 2005 / 54(29);717-721

2003

• National, State, and Urban Area Vaccination Coverage Among Children Aged 19-35 Months - United States, 2003
  Source: MMWR, July 30, 2004 / 53(29);658-661
  

2002

• National, State, and Urban Area Vaccination Levels Among Children Aged 19-35 Months - United States, 2002
  Source: MMWR, August 8, 2003 / 52(31);728-732
  

2001

• Vaccination Coverage Levels Among Alaska Native Children Aged 19-35 Months -- National Immunization Survey, United States, 2000-2001
  Source: MMWR, August 1, 2003 / 52(30);710-713
  
• National, State, and Urban Area Vaccination Coverage Levels Among Children Aged 19-35 Months -- United States, 2001
  Source: MMWR, August 2, 2002 / 51(30);664-666
  

2000

• National, State, and Urban Area Vaccination Coverage Levels Among Children Aged 19-35 Months -- United States, 2000
  Source: MMWR, August 03, 2001 / 50(30);637-641
  

1999

• National, State, and Urban Area Vaccination Coverage Levels Among Children Aged 19-35 Months -- United States, 1999
  Source: MMWR, July 07, 2000 / 49(26);585-9
  

1998

• National, State, and Urban Area Vaccination Coverage Levels Among Children Aged 19-35 Months --- United States, 1998
  Source: MMWR, September 22, 2000 / 49(SS09);1-26
  
• Notice to Readers: National Vaccination Coverage Levels Among Children Aged 19-35 Months -- United States, 1998
  Source: MMWR, September 24, 1999 / 48(37);829-830
  
• Association between administration of hepatitis B vaccine at birth and completion of the hepatitis B and 4:3:1:3 vaccine series (exit)
  Source: JAMA. 284(8):978-83, 2000 Aug 23-30.
  
• National Immunization Survey: the methodology of a vaccination surveillance system. (No link available)
  Authors: Zell ER., Ezzati-Rice TM., Battaglia MP., Wright RA.
  Source: Public Health Reports. 115(1):65-77, 2000 Jan-Feb
  Abstract: The National Immunization Survey (NIS) was designed to measure vaccination coverage estimates for the US, the 50 states, and selected urban areas for children ages 19-35 months. The NIS includes a random-digit-dialed telephone survey and a provider record check study. Data are weighted to account for the sample design and to reduce nonresponse and non-coverage biases in order to improve vaccination coverage estimates. Adjustments are made for biases resulting from nonresponse and nontelephone households, and estimation procedures are used to reduce measurement bias. The NIS coverage estimates represent all US children, not just children living in households with telephones. NIS estimates are highly comparable to vaccination estimates derived from the National Health Interview Survey. The NIS allows comparisons between states and urban areas over time and is used to evaluate current and new vaccination strategies.

Note: See 1999 for Changes in vaccination coverage estimates among children aged 19-35 months in the U.S., 1996-1999.

Note: See 1999 for U.S. children living in and near poverty: Risk of vaccine-preventable disease, 1996-1999.

Note: See 1999 for Variation in vaccination coverage among children of Hispanic ancestry.

1997

• Vaccination Coverage by Race/Ethnicity and Poverty Level Among Children Aged 19-35 Months - United States, 1997
  Source: MMWR, November 13, 1998 / 47(44);956-9
  
• National, State, and Urban Area Vaccination Coverage Levels Among Children Aged 19-35 Months - United States, 1997
  Source: MMWR, July 10, 1998 / 47(26);547-554
  
• Vaccination coverage and physician distribution in the United States, 1997
  Source: Pediatrics, 107(3):E31, 2001 March.
  www.pediatrics.org/ (exit)
• Extraimmunization among US children (exit)
  Source: JAMA. 283(10):1311-7, 2000 Mar 8.
  
• Vaccine Extraimmunization Too Much of a Good Thing? (exit)
  Source: JAMA 283(10)
  
• Vaccines for Children Program, United States, 1997
  Source: PEDIATRICS Vol. 104 No. 2 August 1999, p. e15
  www.pediatrics.org (exit)
• Progress in coverage with hepatitis B vaccine among US children, 1994-1997 (No link available)
  Authors: Yusuf HR., Coronado VG., Averhoff FA., Maes EF., Rodewald LE., Battaglia MP., Mahoney FJ.
  Source: American Journal of Public Health. 89(11):1684-9, 1999 Nov.
  Results: A total of 32,433 household interviews were completed in the 1997 NIS. An estimated 83.7% of children aged 19 to 35 months received 3 or more doses of hepatitis B vaccine. Coverage with 3 doses was greater (86.7%) among children in states that had day care entry requirements for hepatitis B vaccination than among children in states without such requirements (83.0%) and was greater among children from families with incomes at or above the poverty level (85.0%) than among children below the poverty level (80.6%). Hepatitis B vaccination of children increased from 1994 through 1996, from 41% to 84%, but coverage reached a constant level of 84% to 85% in 1996/97.
  Conclusion: Although substantial progress has been made in fully vaccinating children against hepatitis B, greater efforts are needed to ensure that all infants receive 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine.

Note: See 1999 for Changes in vaccination coverage estimates among children aged 19-35 months in the U.S., 1996-1999.

Note: See 1999 for U.S. children living in and near poverty: Risk of vaccine-preventable disease, 1996-1999.

Note: See 1999 for Variation in vaccination coverage among children of Hispanic ancestry.

1996 - 1997

• National, State, and Urban Area Vaccination Coverage Levels Among Children Aged 19-35 Months - United States, July 1996-June 1997
  Source: MMWR, February 20, 1998 / 47(06);108-116
  

1996

• Vaccination Coverage by Race/Ethnicity and Poverty Level Among Children Aged 19-35 Months - United States, 1996
  Source: MMWR, October 17, 1997 / 46(41);963-968
  
• Status Report on the Childhood Immunization Initiative: National, State, and Urban Area Vaccination Coverage Levels Among Children Aged 19-35 Months - U.S., 1996
  Source: MMWR, July 25, 1997 / 46(29);657-664
  

Note: See 1999 for Changes in vaccination coverage estimates among children aged 19-35 months in the U.S., 1996-1999.

Note: See 1999 for U.S. children living in and near poverty: Risk of vaccine-preventable disease, 1996-1999.

Note: See 1999 for Variation in vaccination coverage among children of Hispanic ancestry.

Note: See 1997 for Progress in coverage with hepatitis B vaccine among US children, 1994-1997.

1995

• National, State, and Urban Area Vaccination Coverage Levels Among Children Aged 19-35 Months - United States, January-December 1995
  Source: MMWR, February 28, 1997 / 46(08);176-182
  
• In (Table_2) of the report "National, State, and Urban Area Vaccination Coverage Levels Among Children Aged 19-35 Months -- United States, January-December 1995," the text of the ** and double dagger footnotes is incorrect. The corrected table appears on page 228.
  Source: MMWR, March 14, 1997 / 46(10);227
  Erratum: Vol. 46, No. 8
  

Note: See 1997 for Progress in coverage with hepatitis B vaccine among US children, 1994-1997.

Note: See 1996 for Comparison of NIS and NHIS/NIPRCS vaccination coverage estimates.

1994 - 1995

• National, State, and Urban Area Vaccination Coverage Levels Among Children Aged 19-35 Months - United States, July 1994-June 1995
  Source: MMWR, June 21, 1996 / 45(24);508-13
  
• National, State, and Urban Area Vaccination Coverage Levels Among Children Aged 19-35 Months - United States, April 1994-March 1995
  Source: MMWR, February 23, 1996 / 45(07);145-150
  

1994

• State and National Vaccination Coverage Levels Among Children Aged 19-35 Months -- United States, April-December 1994
  Source: MMWR, August 25, 1995 / 44(33);613,619-623
  

Note: See 1997 for Progress in coverage with hepatitis B vaccine among US children, 1994-1997.

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