Science and Engineering Indicators 2012

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• Global Expansion of Research and Development Expenditures
• Overseas R&D by Multinational Corporations
• Global Higher Education and Workforce Trends
• Expanding Global Researcher Pool
• Research Outputs: Journal Articles and Patents
• Changing International Research Collaborations
• New Research Capacity Reflected in World's Citations Base
• Inventive Activity Shown by Patents
• Global Output of Knowledge and Technology-Intensive Firms
• Employment in U.S. High-Technology Manufacturing
• Global Exports of Commercial Knowledge-Intensive Services
• Changing Global High-Technology Trade Patterns
• Deficit in Goods Trade, Surplus in Services and Intangibles

Global Expansion of Research and Development Expenditures

Figure	Title	Slide	Image	Data
O-1	Estimated R&D expenditures worldwide: 1996–2009
O-2	R&D expenditures for United States, EU, and 10 Asian economies: 1996–2009
O-3	R&D expenditures as a share of economic output of selected regions/countries: 1996–2009
O-4	Average annual growth of R&D expenditures for United States, EU, and selected Asian economies: 1996–2007, 2007–08, and 2008–09
O-5	Location of estimated worldwide R&D expenditures: 1996 and 2009

Overseas R&D by Multinational Corporations

Figure	Title	Slide	Image	Data
O-6	R&D performed in the United States by U.S. affiliates of foreign companies, by investing region, and R&D performed abroad by foreign affiliates of U.S. multinational corporations, by host region: 1998 and 2008
O-7	U.S. multinational companies' R&D performed abroad: 1999–2008

Global Higher Education and Workforce Trends

Figure	Title	Slide	Image	Data
O-8a*	First university degrees in natural sciences and engineering, by selected region/country: 2008 or latest data
O-8b*	First university degrees in social sciences and non-S&E fields, by selected region/country: 2008 or latest data
O-9	First university degrees in natural sciences and engineering, by selected country/economy: 1998–2008
O-10	Doctoral degrees in natural sciences and engineering, by selected region/country: 2000 to most recent year

* Modified from full text figure

Expanding Global Researcher Pool

Figure	Title	Slide	Image	Data
O-11	Average annual growth in number of researchers, by region/country/economy: 1995–2002 and 2002–09
O-12	R&D employment of U.S.-based multinational corporations: 1994, 1999, 2004, and 2009

Research Outputs: Journal Articles and Patents

Figure	Title	Slide	Image	Data
O-13	S&E journal articles produced, by selected region/country: 1995–2009
O-14	Engineering journal articles produced, by selected region/country: 1995–2009
O-15	Engineering journal articles as a share of total S&E journal articles, by selected region/country: 1995–2009

Changing International Research Collaborations

Figure	Title	Slide	Image	Data
O-16	Research articles with international coauthors, by selected region/country/economy: 1989–2009
O-17	Internationally coauthored articles with authors in Asia, by Asian author location: 1989–2009
O-18	U.S. research collaborations with EU and selected Asian countries/economies: 2000–10
O-19	EU research collaborations with the United States and selected Asian countries/economies: 2000–10
O-20	Chinese research collaborations with the United States, EU, and selected Asian countries/economies: 2000–10

New Research Capacity Reflected in World's Citations Base

Figure	Title	Slide	Image	Data
O-21	Share of selected region’s/country’s citations to international literature: 2000–10
O-22	Intra-Asia citation patterns for China, Asia-8, and Japan: 1999–2010
O-23	Citations of U.S. research articles in non-U.S. literature, by region/country: 1998–2010

Inventive Activity Shown by Patents

Figure	Title	Slide	Image	Data
O-24	Share of U.S. patents granted to non-U.S. inventors, by inventor region/country: 1992–2010
O-25	Global high-value patents, by selected region/country: 2000–08

Global Output of Knowledge and Technology-Intensive Firms

Figure	Title	Slide	Image	Data
O-26	Global value added of knowledge- and technology-intensive industries: 1998–2010
O-27	Value added of commercial knowledge-intensive services, by selected region/country: 1998–2010
O-28	Value added of high-technology manufacturing industries, by selected region/country: 1998–2010
O-29	Value added of computer and office machinery manufacturing, by selected region/country: 1998–2010

Employment in U.S. High-Technology Manufacturing

Figure	Title	Slide	Image	Data
O-30	U.S. high-technology manufacturing employment: 2000–10
O-31	Value of U.S. high-technology manufacturing output per 1,000 employees: 2000–10

Global Exports of Commercial Knowledge-Intensive Services

Figure	Title	Slide	Image	Data
O-32	Exports of commercial knowledge-intensive services, by selected region/country: 1998–2010

Changing Global High-Technology Trade Patterns

Figure	Title	Slide	Image	Data
O-33	High-technology exports, by selected region/country: 1998–2010
O-34	Share of global high-technology exports, by selected region/country: 1998–2010
O-35	Asia-8 global high-technology exports to United States/EU and China: 1998–2010
O-36	China’s high-technology exports to selected regions/countries: 1998–2010

Deficit in Goods Trade, Surplus in Services and Intangibles

Figure	Title	Slide	Image	Data
O-37	Trade balance of high-technology goods, by selected region/country: 1998–2010
O-38	Trade balance in knowledge-intensive services and intangible assets, by selected region/country: 1997–2009